Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa antifreeze ndi antifreeze?
Zamkatimu
Tanthauzo la dzinali
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi chakuti dzina lakuti "antifreeze" limaimira "coolant". Ngati kumasuliridwa kwenikweni, ndiye anti - "motsutsa", kuzizira - "kuzizira, kuzizira".
Antifreeze ndi dzina lopangidwa lomwe linaperekedwa chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960 kwa choziziritsira chatsopano chapakhomo. Zilembo zitatu zoyambirira ("tos") zimayimira "ukadaulo waukadaulo wa organic synthesis". Ndipo mathero ("ol") amatengedwa kutengera dzina la mankhwala omwe amavomerezedwa kuti atchule zakumwa zoledzeretsa (ethanol, butanol, etc.). Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, mapeto atengedwa kuchokera chidule "osiyana labotale", ndipo anapatsidwa ulemu kwa Madivelopa mankhwala.
Ndiye kuti, antifreeze si dzina lamalonda la mtundu, komanso ngakhale gulu linalake la zoziziritsa kukhosi. M'malo mwake, ili ndi dzina lodziwika bwino lazozizira zonse. Kuphatikiza antifreeze. Komabe, m'magulu a oyendetsa galimoto ndi chizolowezi kusiyanitsa zakumwa zapakhomo ndi zakunja motere: antifreeze - m'nyumba, antifreeze - kunja. Ngakhale mwaukadaulo ndizolakwika.
Antifreeze ndi antifreeze G11
Zozizira zambiri zamakono zimapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zazikulu zitatu:
- ethylene glycol (kapena propylene glycol kwa zakumwa zodula komanso zamakono);
- madzi osungunuka;
- zowonjezera.
Tikuyang'ana m'tsogolo, tikuwona: antifreeze ndi antifreeze G11 ndi zinthu zofanana. Kuchuluka kwa ethylene glycol ndi madzi kumadalira kutentha komwe madzi amaundana. Koma kawirikawiri, antifreeze ndi G11 antifreeze, gawo ili ndi pafupifupi 50/50 (kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zozizira izi zomwe zimatha kugwira ntchito pa kutentha mpaka -40 ° C).
Zowonjezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumadzi onse awiriwa ndizosakhazikika m'chilengedwe. Izi makamaka zosiyanasiyana borates, phosphates, nitrates ndi silicates. Palibe miyezo yomwe imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera ndi ndondomeko yeniyeni ya mankhwala a zigawozo. Pali zofunikira zonse zomwe zomalizidwazo ziyenera kukwaniritsa (mulingo wachitetezo cha magawo oziziritsa, mphamvu yakuchotsa kutentha, chitetezo cha anthu ndi chilengedwe).
Ethylene glycol ndi wankhanza kwa zitsulo zonse ndi mphira ndi pulasitiki mbali ya dongosolo. Chiwawa sichimatchulidwa, komabe, m'kupita kwanthawi, ma alcohols a dihydric amatha kuwononga mapaipi, ma cell a radiator komanso jekete yozizira.
Zowonjezera za antifreeze G11 ndi antifreeze zimapanga filimu yoteteza pamalo onse oziziritsa, omwe amachepetsa kwambiri chiwawa cha ethylene glycol. Koma filimuyi imalepheretsa pang'ono kutentha. Chifukwa chake, G11 antifreeze ndi antifreeze sagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi "otentha". Komanso, antifreeze imakhala ndi moyo waufupi pang'ono kuposa ma antifreeze onse. Ngati ndi kofunika kusintha antifreeze pambuyo pa zaka 2-3 (malingana ndi mphamvu ya galimotoyo), ndiye kuti antifreeze imatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwa zaka zitatu.
Antifreeze ndi antifreeze G12, G12+ ndi G12++
G12 antifreeze base (G12 + ndi G12 ++) imakhala ndi chisakanizo cha ethylene glycol ndi madzi. Kusiyana kwagona pakupanga kwa zowonjezera.
Kwa G12 antifreeze, zomwe zimatchedwa organic zowonjezera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kale (zotengera carboxylic acid). Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito chowonjezera chotereyi imachokera ku mapangidwe apakati a insulating layer pa malo owonongeka ndi dzimbiri. Ndiko kuti, gawo la dongosolo lomwe chilema chapamwamba chikuwonekera chimatsekedwa ndi mankhwala a carboxylic acid. Kuchuluka kwa kukhudzana ndi ethylene glycol kumachepa, ndipo zowononga zimachepetsa.
Mogwirizana ndi izi, carboxylic acid sichimakhudza kusamutsa kutentha. Titha kunena kuti pankhani yochotsa kutentha, antifreeze ya G12 ichita bwino kuposa antifreeze.
Mitundu yosinthidwa ya G12+ ndi G12++ zoziziritsa kukhosi zili ndi zowonjezera za organic ndi inorganic. Nthawi yomweyo, ma organic amakula. Chotetezera chomwe chimapangidwa ndi borates, silicates ndi mankhwala ena ndi ochepa, ndipo sichimasokoneza kutentha kwa kutentha. Ndipo ma organic compounds, ngati kuli kofunikira, amalepheretsa madera owonongeka a dongosolo lozizira ndikuletsa kukula kwa malo owononga.
Komanso, antifreezes a gulu la G12 ndi zotumphukira zake zimakhala ndi moyo wautali wautumiki, pafupifupi nthawi ziwiri. Komabe, mtengo wa antifreezes awa ndi wokwera 2-2 kuposa wa antifreeze.
Woletsa mphepo G13
Ma antifreeze a G13 amagwiritsa ntchito propylene glycol ngati maziko. Mowa umenewu ndi wokwera mtengo popanga, koma umakhala waukali komanso wosaopsa kwambiri kwa anthu ndi chilengedwe. Maonekedwe a choziziritsa ichi ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha Kumadzulo. Pazaka makumi angapo zapitazi, pafupifupi m'madera onse a mafakitale a magalimoto a Kumadzulo, pakhala chikhumbo chofuna kukonza chilengedwe.
Zowonjezera za G13 ndizofanana pakupangidwira kwa G12+ ndi G12++ antifreezes. Moyo wothandizira ndi pafupifupi zaka 5.
Ndiko kuti, potengera zinthu zonse zogwirira ntchito, antifreeze imataya mopanda chiyembekezo ku zoziziritsa kukhosi zakunja G12 +, G12 ++ ndi G13. Komabe, mtengo wa antifreeze poyerekeza ndi antifreeze ya G13 ndi pafupifupi 8-10 kutsika. Ndipo kwa magalimoto osavuta okhala ndi injini zozizira kwambiri, sizomveka kutenga choziziritsa chokwera mtengo chotere. Antifreeze wamba kapena antifreeze G11 ndizokwanira. Osayiwala kusintha kozizira mu nthawi, ndipo sipadzakhala mavuto ndi kutenthedwa.
