Cessna

Citation Longitude wapakatikati-katikati tsopano ndi Cessna bizjet. Kope yoyamba inatuluka muholo ya msonkhano pa June 13, 2017. Ndegeyo inalandira satifiketi ya FAA pa September 21, 2019.

Cessna Aircraft Company ndiye mtsogoleri wosatsutsika pakupanga ndege zamtundu uliwonse - zamabizinesi, alendo, zofunikira komanso maphunziro. Kampaniyo idakhazikitsidwa mu 1927, koma chitukuko chake chidakula pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse. Pofika m’zaka za m’ma 50 ndi m’ma 60, zinali zitadziwika bwino kwambiri moti ngakhale anthu wamba a ku America, amene sankafuna kuyenda pandege, ankagwirizanitsa dzina la Cessna ndi ndege zazing’onozi zimene zinkanyamuka n’kutera pabwalo la ndege lapafupi. Kampaniyo yakhala ikugwira ntchito pansi pa mtundu wa Textron Aviation kuyambira 2016, koma dzina la Cessna likupitilizabe kugwira ntchito ngati mtundu wa ndege.

Woyambitsa kampani ya Cessna Aircraft anali Clyde Vernon Cessna - mlimi, makanika, wogulitsa magalimoto, womanga waluso wodziphunzitsa yekha komanso woyendetsa ndege. Iye anabadwa pa December 5, 1879 ku Hawthorne, Iowa. Kumayambiriro kwa 1881, banja lake linasamukira ku famu ina pafupi ndi Rago, Kansas. Ngakhale kuti analibe maphunziro apamwamba, Clyde anali ndi chidwi ndi zamakono kuyambira ali mwana ndipo nthawi zambiri ankathandiza alimi akumeneko kukonza makina a famu. Mu 1905, adakwatira ndipo patatha zaka zitatu adalowa nawo wogulitsa wa Overland Automobiles ku Enid, Oklahoma. Anachita bwino kwambiri pamakampani awa ndipo dzina lake lidafika pachikwangwani pamwamba pa khomo.

Ndege yoyamba yopangidwa ndikuwulutsidwa ndi Clyde Cessna mu 1911 inali Silver Wings monoplane. Pachithunzithunzi cha Epulo 1912, chomangidwanso pambuyo pa ngozi ndikusinthidwa pang'ono Silver Wings paulendo wowonetsera.

Anagwira kachilombo ka ndege pa chiwonetsero cha ndege cha Oklahoma City pa Januware 14-18, 1911. Cessna sanangosilira machitidwe apamwamba kwambiri, komanso adalankhula ndi oyendetsa ndege (kuphatikiza womenya nkhondo wa ku France pambuyo pake Roland Garros) ndi makanika, adafunsa zambiri. wa mafunso ndikulemba manotsi. Anaganiza zopanga ndege yakeyake yopangidwa ndi monoplane Blériot XI. Pachifukwa ichi, mu February, adapita ku New York, komwe adagula fuselage ya Blériot XI kuchokera ku Queens Airplane Company. Mwa njira, adayang'ana ntchito yopanga ndikupanga maulendo angapo ngati wokwera. Atabwerera ku Enid, m'galimoto yobwereka, anayamba kumanga mapiko ndi mchira payekha. Atayesetsa kambirimbiri koma sanapambane, iye anaphunzira luso loyendetsa ndege ndipo mu June 1911 anaulutsa ndege yake, yomwe anaitcha kuti Silver Wings.

Ndege zoyamba zowonetsera anthu sizinaphule kanthu. Kuti zinthu ziipireipire, pa September 13, 1911, sitima ya Silver Wings inagwa ndipo Clyde anagonekedwa m’chipatala. Ndege yomangidwanso ndi kusinthidwa idayendetsedwa ndi Cessna pa Disembala 17. Kuchokera mu 1912 mpaka 1913, Clyde adachita nawo ziwonetsero zambiri zapamlengalenga ku Oklahoma ndi Kansas, zomwe adazikonza ndi mchimwene wake Roy. Pa June 6, 1913, ndege yatsopano, yomwe inamangidwa kuchokera pachiyambi, inauluka, yomwe pa October 17, 1913 inayenda ulendo woyamba kudutsa Wichita, Kansas. M'zaka zotsatira, Cessna adamanga ndege zatsopano komanso zabwino, zomwe adaziwonetsera bwino pouluka m'nyengo yachilimwe. Zochita za Cessna zinakopa chidwi cha amalonda angapo a Wichita omwe adayika ndalama pokhazikitsa fakitale ya ndege. Likulu lake linali mnyumba za JJ Jones Motor Company ku Wichita. Kutsegulira kwa ntchitoyi kunachitika pa September 1, 1916.

Mu 1917, Cessna anamanga ndege ziwiri zatsopano. Comet yokhala ndi mipando iwiri yokhala ndi kanyumba yophimbidwa pang'ono idayesedwa pa Juni 24. Patatha milungu iwiri, pa July 7, Clyde anakhazikitsa mbiri ya dziko la 200 km / h kumbuyo kwake. Dziko la United States litalowa m’nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse mu April 1917, mafuta a boma anachepa kwambiri. Cessna idapereka ndege zake ku boma la federal, koma asitikali adakonda makina opangidwa ku France otsimikiziridwa. Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa malamulo ndi kuthekera kokonzekera ziwonetsero za ndege, Cessna adatseka fakitale kumapeto kwa 1917, adabwerera kumunda wake ndikutembenukira ku ulimi.

Kumayambiriro kwa 1925, Cessna anachezeredwa ndi Lloyd C. Stearman ndi Walter H. Beech, amene anamuitana kuti alowe m’kampani yomanga ndege zokhala ndi zitsulo. Atagula Investor Walter J. Innes Jr. Pa February 5, 1925, Company Travel Air Manufacturing Company inakhazikitsidwa ku Wichita. Innes adakhala purezidenti wawo, Cessna adakhala wachiwiri kwa purezidenti, Beech adakhala mlembi, ndipo Stearman adakhala wopanga wamkulu. Kumapeto kwa chaka, Innesa atasiya kampaniyo, Cessna adatenga udindo wa Purezidenti, wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Beech, ndi Stearman ngati msungichuma. Ndege yoyamba ya Travel Air inali ya Biplane ya Model A. Cessna ankakonda ndege za monoplane kuyambira pachiyambi, koma adalephera kutsimikizira anzawo. Munthawi yake yopuma, adapanga ndege yake yachisanu ndi chinayi - injini imodzi, monoplane Type 500 yokhala ndi kanyumba kokutidwa kwa anthu asanu. Inayesedwa payekha ndi Clyde pa June 14, 1926. Mu January 1927, National Air Transport inaitanitsa makope asanu ndi atatu m’fomu yosinthidwa pang’ono, yotchedwa Type 5000.

Kampani yake

Ngakhale zidapambana, lingaliro lotsatira la Cessna - mapiko oyimirira - adalepheranso kuzindikirika ndi Walter Beech (Lloyd Stearman adasiya kampaniyo panthawiyi). Kotero, m'chaka cha 1927, Cessna anagulitsa Beech mtengo wake mu Travel Air, ndipo pa April 19, adalengeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa kampani yake ya Cessna Aircraft Company. Pamodzi ndi wogwira ntchito yekhayo panthawiyo, adayamba kupanga ndege ziwiri mu dongosolo la monoplane, lodziwika bwino kuti Zonse Zolinga (Kenako Phantom) ndi Common. Kuyesa mphamvu zamapiko, kofunikira kuti dipatimenti ya Zamalonda ipereke Satifiketi Yovomerezeka Yovomerezeka (ATC), idachitidwa ndi prof. Joseph S. Newell wa Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

Phantom yokhala ndi mipando itatu idawulutsidwa koyamba pa Ogasiti 13, 1927. Ndegeyo idakhala yopambana kwambiri ndipo Cessna adaganiza zoyamba kupanga serial. Kuti apeze ndalama, anagulitsa magawo a kampani yake kwa Victor H. Roos, wogulitsa njinga zamoto ku Omaha, Nebraska. Kutsatira izi, pa Seputembala 7, kampaniyo idalembetsedwa mwalamulo pansi pa dzina la Cessna-Roos Aircraft Company. Mpando wake unali mnyumba zatsopano ku Wichita. Mu December chaka chomwecho, Roos anagulitsa magawo ake ku Cessna, ndipo pa December 22, kampaniyo inasintha dzina lake kukhala Cessna Aircraft Company.

Phantom idapangitsa banja lonse la ndege lotchedwa A Series. Yoyamba inaperekedwa kwa wogula pa February 28, 1928. Mpaka 1930, mayunitsi oposa 70 anapangidwa mu AA, AC, AF, AS ndi AW versions, zosiyana makamaka mu injini yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chitsanzo cha BW chokhala ndi mipando itatu chinali chochepa kwambiri - chinamangidwa 13. Ndege ina ya CW-6 yokhala ndi mipando ya anthu 6 okwera komanso msonkhano wapampando wapampando wa CPW-1929 womwe unamangidwa pamaziko ake unangokhala ngati makope amodzi. Mu 6, mtundu wa DC-6 ndi mitundu yake iwiri yachitukuko, Chief DC-6A ndi DC-50B Scout, zidayamba kupanga (XNUMX zidamangidwa pamodzi ndi mawonekedwe).