Mitengo yamafuta ku Slovenia - Mitengo yokwera kwambiri, koma osati kusangalatsa ogulitsa.
Zamkatimu
M'mwezi wa Seputembala, Slovenia idakhala yotsatira m'maiko angapo aku Europe kusiya malamulo okhudza mitengo yamafuta mothandizidwa ndi atsogoleri amsika. Imeneyi ndi njira yopitilira zaka zinayi pomwe boma lidakweza malamulo amitengo yamafuta otentha kwambiri, RON 2016 ndi RON koyamba mu 98. Izi zidatsatiridwa ndikuchotsa kwamalamulo amitengo yamafuta onse m'malo amafuta pafupi ndi njanji ndi Expressways, kenako pa 100 Seputembala adaletsa m'malo ena onse odzazitsira.
Kuchepetsa mitengo kwachitika rmakamaka pa nthawi yomwe ife ku Slovenia - komanso padziko lonse lapansi - taona mitengo yamafuta ikutsika kwa miyezi ingapo.ndipo mitengo yamafuta ogulitsa idakonzedwa pa € 95 pa mafuta a RON XNUMX kapena dizilo patadutsa miyezi ingapo madontho akuthwa. Kutsika kwa mitengo, kumene, kungafotokozeredwe ndi zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zidapangitsa kutsika kwakukulu pakufunika kwapadziko lonse lapansi kwamafuta a mafuta. Chifukwa chake, makampani amafuta anali ndi mafuta ochuluka kwambiri omwe analibe koti asungire. Ngakhale zikumveka ngati zosamveka, mtengo wamafuta osakhudzidwa m'misika yapadziko lonse lapansi wafika pazabwino!
Kumapeto kwa Seputembara, boma, monga tanenera kale, linasiya kuwongolera mitengo yazinthu zamafuta mmanja moyang'anira msika, koma lidawunikiranso kubwezeretsa kayendetsedwe ka mitengo pamsika zikachuluka mitengo pamsika. kukwera mitengo. Ndiye lingaliro la boma, poyang'ana koyamba, lidathandizidwa mosayembekezereka ndi Gawo Loyendetsa la Chamber of Commerce and Viwanda ku Slovenia, ponena kuti akuyembekeza kutsika kwamitengo yazogulitsa mafuta. Kumbali ina, Slovenian Consumer Association (ZPS) idakayikira kwambiri lingaliro la boma., popeza iwo, mosiyana ndi Chamber of Commerce and Industry, adawonetsa mantha akukwera mitengo - poyamba izi zidakhala zopanda chilungamo. Koma posakhalitsa zinthu zinayamba kusintha pang'ono, ndipo mogwirizana ndi mantha a ZPS.
Tikayerekezera mitengo yazopangidwa ndi mafuta ku Slovenia masiku ano, timapeza kuti mtengo wawo wakwera ndi pafupifupi masenti 20 m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayi (pang'ono pang'ono pa mafuta a 95, pang'ono pa dizilo), ambiri ayamba kale kufunafuna olakwa. Pomaliza, kuyang'ana mwachangu mitengo yamafuta a amalonda atatu akulu amafuta aku Slovenia - Petrol, OMV ndi MOL - kukuwonetsa kuyanjana kwakukulu kwamitengo mdziko lonse (kunja kwa misewu), ndi kusiyana komwe kuli kocheperako, kapena kucheperako kwambiri. kuposa omwe atchulidwa ndi ogulitsa kuchotsera pa malo awo othandizira.
Izi zimabweretsa mwachangu lingaliro kuti amalonda okha ndiomwe amachititsa izi. Koma kuyang'anitsitsa chiwerengerochi kukuwonetsa kuti kukwera kwamitengo sikunali kuyendetsa kwamafuta kuti achulukitse phindu. Kuthetsedwa kwamalamulo aboma pamitengo, nyengo yakudzuka kwachuma idayamba mdziko muno komanso akunja, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunika kwa zopangira mafuta a petro osati mdziko muno komanso pamisika yapadziko lonse.
Poyang'ana kusintha kwa mitengo yamafuta chaka chatha, titha kuwona kuti mtengo wamafuta osakongola udafika pamtengo wotsika komanso woyipa pa Epulo 20 chaka chatha, kenako, chifukwa chakuchepa kwakukulu kwa kupopera, kukambirananso mwachangu ndi mayiko a OPEC ndi Russia. Chifukwa chake, koyambirira kwa Julayi, idafikiranso mtengo wa $ 40 pa mbiya yamafuta (malita 159)..
Pofika Novembala 34, mtengo wamafuta, poganizira kugwa kwakanthawi, kuphatikiza kuyambika kwa funde lachiwiri la mliriwo, pomwe mtengo udafika $ 30 pa mbiya, udasinthasintha kuyambira $ 40 mpaka $ XNUMX pa mbiya, pambuyo pake idangotsatiridwa ndikuwonjezeka kwamitengo mwachangu kwambiri. Kumayambiriro kwa Marichi, idafika kale $ 68 pa mbiya, ndipo kumapeto kwa mweziwo inali pafupifupi $ 60 (izi ndi zofanana, kunena, pakati pa 20s, zosinthidwa chifukwa cha inflation).pomwe US idakumana ndi vuto lamafuta loyamba).
Chifukwa chake, zomwe zikuwonetsedwazo zikuwonetsa kuti mtengo wapano wamafuta osakonzeka ndi wofanana ndi mtengo wa chaka chatsopano 2019/2020, pomwe zinali zowonekeratu kuti kuwopsa kwa kachilombo katsopano kukuyandikira kuchokera ku China, ndipo izi sizinachitike zinachitikabe. momwe mliriwo ungakhudzire dziko lapansi. Nthawi yomweyo, zachidziwikire, ndizomveka kuyerekezera mitengo yamafuta ku Slovenia nthawi imeneyo komanso lero.
Petroli, OMV ndi ena amakhala ndi chikumbumtima choyera ...
Kuchokera pagome lamphamvu yamitengo yamafuta amafuta kuyambira nthawi ya 2007 mpaka 2020, zitha kuwoneka kuti mtengo wogulitsa wa petulo wokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa 95 octane munthawi yosintha kuchokera ku 2019 mpaka 2020 inali ma 1,298 euros.... Mtengo wa mafuta a dizilo unali wotsika ndi masenti 1,2, koma mitengoyo inali yofanana ndi malo odulira mafuta, osati omwe amadzipangira okha.. Tikulankhula, zowona, zamitengo m'malo opangira mafuta kunja kwa malo oyimitsa magalimoto. Kumapeto kwa Marichi chaka chino, ndendende Lamlungu, Marichi 28, mtengo wamafuta omwe ali ndi octane 95 adachokera ku 1,159 mpaka 1,189 euros, pomwe mtengo wamafuta a dizilo umachokera ku 1,149 mpaka 1.219 euros.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, n'zoonekeratu kuti mafuta otsika mtengo komanso okwera mtengo kwambiri angapezeke pa malo opangira gasi (odzipangira okha) a maunyolo ogulitsa - poyamba anali Hofer, ndipo Mercator yachiwiri ndi ntchito zake za MaxEn. . . Apo ayi, ogulitsa osiyanasiyana m'malo awo opangira mafuta m'dziko lonselo nthawi zambiri amapereka mafuta pamitengo yofanana. pomwe patsikulo Petrol adapempha ndalama zochepa kwambiri pa lita imodzi ya mafuta okwana 95 octane, omwe ndi € 1,177. (OMV ndi Mol 1,179), ndi lita imodzi ya dizilo OMV, yomwe ndi 1,199 euros (mafuta ndi mol 1,2 euros).
Chifukwa chake, kuyerekezera kwamitengo yamafuta kukuwonetsa kuti mitengo yamafuta masiku ano pamtengo wamafuta omwewo pamisika yapadziko lonse lapansi ili pafupifupi masenti 10 kutsika kuposa chaka chabwino ndi kotala yapitayo; Kusiyanako ndikokulirapo pang'ono pa mafuta a RON 95 ndikucheperako mafuta a dizilo, omwe akhala akuthamanga msanga m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Zikuwonekeratu mwachidule kuchokera pazomwe zatchulidwazi kuti ogulitsa mafuta ku Slovenia sioyenera kutsutsidwa chifukwa chamitengo yokwera, komabe tidafunsa onse atatu ogulitsa mafuta ku Slovenia kuti afotokoze momwe zinthu ziliri; ndi Petroli ndi OMV okha omwe adayankha mafunso athu, ndipo Mol adakana kuchita nawo izi.
M'malo mwa Petroli ndi OMV, makampani onsewa apanga njira yokhazikitsira mitengo yazinthu zamafuta, zomwe sizingathe kuwululidwa chifukwa cha malamulo oteteza mpikisano. Makampani onsewa safunanso kupereka ndemanga pamitengo yamagetsi, chifukwa mtengo wamafuta osakhudzidwa umakhudzidwa kale ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana (makamaka kusinthana kwa madola), ndipo mtengo wogulitsa wamafuta ku Slovenia uli ndi misonkho yosiyanasiyana, misonkho sintha.
Nthawi yomweyo, OMV ikufotokoza zomwe tafotokozazi kuti mitengo yamafuta yabodza yakwera kwambiri kuyambira pomwe mliriwu udayambika koyambirira kwa Marichi, mogwirizana ndi lingaliro la Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), lomwe likulosera zakuchuluka kwa kufunika kwa mafuta osakhwima m'misika yapadziko lonse lapansi. OMV sinafotokoze kuchuluka kwake Petroli yalengeza kuti yagulitsa matani pafupifupi mamiliyoni atatu a mafuta mu 2020, kutsika ndi 19% kuchokera ku 2019 ndi 13% yocheperako kuposa momwe inakonzera.
Kuwomboledwa kwathunthu pamitengo yazinthu zamafuta kumawunikiridwa bwino ndi makampani onsewa, chifukwa zimatsata zomwe zikuchitika m'maiko oyandikana nawo, komwe chizolowezi ichi chakhala chikudziwika kwanthawi yayitali. Petroli akuwonjezera kuti anali okonzekera bwino kusinthaku popeza akhala akupezeka m'misika momwe mchitidwewu wakwaniritsidwa kale kwakanthawi (osati kwa OMV), ndikuwonjezera kuti yankho lotere limatanthauza kuti limathandizanso makasitomala. ndizosavuta kwa iwo kusankha komwe angapope mafuta.
Komano OMV ikuwonjezera kuti Slovenia ndi dziko loyenda, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti lingathe ogulitsa mafuta tsopano akufulumira kuzolowera mitengo yazogulitsa mafuta m'maiko ena, chifukwa chake, (p) amakhalabe osangalatsa kwa madalaivala kapena magalimoto omwe amangodutsa dziko lathu ndipo amatha kuyimilira asanalowe kapena kutuluka mdziko muno.
Kukula kowonjezerapo sikuphatikizidwa
A Boštyan Okorn, wamkulu wa dipatimenti yoyesa katundu ndi ntchito za Consumer Association of Slovenia, ananenanso kuti kukwera kwa mitengo yamafuta ndikomwe kukuchititsa kukwera mitengo pamisika yapadziko lonse. Malinga ndi Okorn, mtengo wamafuta osakonzeka wakwera ndi 2020% kuyambira Novembala 2021 mpaka kumapeto kwa Marichi 70, ngakhale kutsika pang'ono m'masiku aposachedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zomveka pakukwera kwamitengo kwamisika nthawi imeneyi. Komabe, akuwonjezeranso kuti kumasulidwa kwa msika wamafuta wa petroleum kwapangitsa kuti mitengo isinthe kwambiri.
Panthawi yomwe mitengo yamafuta idakhazikitsidwa ndi boma, tinkangolandira zosintha masiku 14 aliwonse, kotero ogula sanakumane ndi kusintha kwapakatikati pamitengo yamafuta ogulitsa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, posintha kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe boma limapereka, boma linali ndi njira yochepetsera kusintha kwakukulu kwa mitengo yamafuta - pokhudzana ndi mitengo yotsika komanso yokwera. Tngati, mwachitsanzo, mpaka kumapeto kwa 2014, pomwe mtengo wamafuta 95 octane unali pafupi ndi 1,5 euros pa lita imodzi ya mafuta, boma lidatenga pafupifupi ma 0,56 euros.; Mu May chaka chatha, ndalamazi zinali 0,51 euro, ndipo mu September, asanatulutsidwe, anali 0,37 euro okha. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Okorn akuwonjezera kuti chiŵerengero cha mitengo ya mafuta a petroleum pakati pa ogulitsa pakhomo ndi ogulitsa m'mayiko oyandikana nawo nthawi zonse sichinasinthe.
Okorn adakhudzanso zomwe zingayembekezeredwe mtsogolo pankhani yamitengo yamafuta. Ngakhale akugwirizana ndi malingaliro aomwe amalonda akulu akulu aboma aboma za kusayamika kwa kuneneratu zakusintha kwamitengo yamafuta, akukhulupirira kuti kukwera kwakukulu kwa mitengo yamafuta sikuyembekezeredwanso mtsogolo. Pakanthawi kochepa, izi zithandizidwa kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira (zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuchepa kwa zosowa zamafuta zotenthetsera) komanso mavuto azachuma, omwe, mwa lingaliro lake, atsatira posachedwa.
Chifukwa chake chaka chino, kuwonjezeka kwamitengo yopitilira 10 kapena ngakhale masenti 15 kudzakhala kodabwitsa kwambiri.... Nthawi yomweyo, mitengo yazopangidwa ndi mafuta ikuyembekezeka kukhala pansi pa 1,5 euros pa lita imodzi yamafuta mtsogolo, zomwe zidzathandizidwe ndikupanga magetsi kwamagalimoto atsopano (ndipo, chifukwa chake, kuchepa kwa kufunika kwa zopangira mafuta) . Komabe, ndizowona kuti pamlingo wa EU pakhala mgwirizano womwe umadziwika kuti European Green Agreement, womwe umanenanso za misonkho yowonjezerapo yamafuta yamagalimoto kuti ifulumizitse kusintha kwa magalimoto amagetsi.
Ngakhale Okorn sakuloza amalonda a mafuta chifukwa chakukwera mitengo kwaposachedwa, amachenjeza kuti, monga kutsidya kwa nyanja, zikwangwani ziyenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi misewu ikuluikulu, pomwe mitengo yamafuta amgalimoto izilembetsedwa kutsatira malo amafuta angapo, komanso nthawi yomweyo, ma totem oyimira m'malo omwe angawonetse oyendetsa mitengo yazotengera asanakweze kireni pamalo opangira mafuta. Pomaliza, zithandizanso kuphatikiza mitengo m'malo opangira mautumiki osiyanasiyana.
Kuchulukitsidwa kwa mafuta ndikofunikanso.
Zachidziwikire, mtengo wamafuta osakhudzidwanso umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta osakoka omwe makampani amafuta amapopera padziko lonse lapansi. Pomaliza, ichi ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe mitengo ikugwa mwachangu masika apitawa ndikukula mwachangu kumapeto kwa chaka. Ngakhale kuti mliriwu udasesa dziko lapansi koyambirira kwa kasupe ndipo udatsagana ndi kutsika kwapadziko lonse lapansi kwamafuta a mafuta, munali mu Meyi, pomwe mtengo wamafuta udafika zero, pomwe zimphona zamafuta zidaganiza zochepetsa kwambiri mafuta omwe amapangidwa.
Ngati pa Epulo 30 kupanga mafuta tsiku lililonse padziko lapansi kunali migolo 82,83 miliyoni, ndiye kuti mweziwo unali migolo 71,45 miliyoni yokha. (miliyoni imodzi yochepera pamwezi). Pakutha kwa chaka, voliyumu idakwera pang'ono pang'ono, koma "kokha" mpaka migolo miliyoni 75,94, yocheperapo kuposa kale m'zaka zisanu zapitazi, pomwe voliyumu yakwera pafupifupi popanda ma barre miliyoni 80 patsiku.
Zinthu zingapo zimakhudza mtengo.
Mtengo wamafuta wamafuta (kuwonjezera pamtengo wogulira mafuta) umapangidwa ndi zinthu zingapo, kuchuluka (kapena gawo) komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi lamulo. Izi:
- Misonkho ya CO2: msonkho wampweya wowonongeka ndi mpweya wa carbon dioxide.
- Kupereka kwa EAEU: Zopereka ku Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu (kuyambira 2010).
- Chithandizo cha RES ndi CHP; Zopereka zothandizira kuthandizira magetsi kuchokera ku magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso kuchokera kumagwero amagetsi omwe angapangidwenso (kuyambira Juni 2014).
- Misonkho ya msonkho: ya mphamvu.
- VAT: msonkho wowonjezera.
- Mtengo womaliza: mtengo wogulitsa.
Chifukwa chake, pochita izi, lita imodzi ya mafuta a RON 95 imakhoma msonkho malinga ndi izi:
| Mtengo wazinthu zamafuta ku Slovenia | |||||||
| 2020 | |||||||
| Palibe choyenera | Misonkho yotulutsa CO2 | Zopereka za EAEU | Chopereka cha RES ndi CHP | Ntchito yamsonkho | VAT | Mtengo womaliza | |
| 95 euros (euro / lita) | 0,391 | 0,040 | 0,007 | 0,008 | 0,428 | 0,193 | 1,069 |
Slovenia pakati yotsika mtengo
Pambuyo kutsika kwakukulu kwamitengo pasanathe chaka chapitacho, izi Slovenia idakhala amodzi mwa mayiko aku Europe omwe ali ndi mitengo yotsika kwambiri yamafuta ndikukhalabe mpaka pano. Ndi mtengo wapakati pamtengo wapansi pa € 1,16 pa lita imodzi ya mafuta a RON 95 (ovomerezeka kuyambira mkatikati mwa Marichi), imakhala pakati pa 15 mwa mayiko 45 aku Europe komanso ndiyotsika mtengo kwambiri mderali. Pamtengo wa € 1,18, Hungary ndiyomwe ili pafupi kwambiri pakati pa mayiko oyandikana nawo, kenako Austria (€ 1,18 pa lita), Austria (€ 1,22), Croatia (€ 1,35) ndi Italy pa € 1,62 pa lita. lita imodzi ya mafuta 95 imatenga malo a 43. Chifukwa chake, mafuta amtunduwu ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri ku Portugal ndi ku Netherlands, komwe mafuta okwana lita imodzi a octane amawononga 95 ndi 1,65 euros.
