Café de la Régence - likulu la chess padziko lapansi

Café de la Régence yotchuka ya Parisian inali m'zaka za zana la XNUMX ndi XNUMX ku Mecca kwa mafani amasewera achifumu. Osewera a chess aku Europe adakumana pano. Okhazikika a bungweli anali, mwa zina, wolemba mabuku Jean Jacques Rousseau, wandale wamkulu Maximilian Robespierre ndi Napoleon Bonaparte, mfumu yamtsogolo ya French. Tsiku lililonse masana ndi madzulo, osewera angapo apamwamba a chess ankacheza mu lesitilanti.

Pamlingo womwe adagwirizana, "maprofesa a chess" adasewera ndi aliyense kapena kuwapatsa maphunziro. Malo odyera pa Palais Royal, pafupi ndi Louvre, adakhazikitsidwa mu 1681 ndi wakuba dzina lake Lefebvre. Poyamba idatchedwa Café de Palais-Royal, ndipo mu 1718 idasintha dzina lake kukhala Cafe Regency.

Nthano imanena kuti chifukwa cha kusintha kwa dzina chinali maulendo afupipafupi a regent, Prince Philippe d'Orléans, adachita chidwi ndi kukongola kwa mkazi wa mwiniwake watsopano wa cafe, yemwe adakhala m'malo a Lefebvre. Philip Orlyansky anali regent pa ubwana wa Louis XV, mu zaka 1715-1723 ulamuliro wake unali nthawi ya maluwa okongola a zomangamanga ku France, kujambula ndi zojambulajambula. Philip ankadziwikanso ndi khalidwe lake, lomwe linaphwanya misonkhano yonse ya m’makhoti ndi m’makhoti.

Chess Capital of the World

Akuluakulu a chess ankakonda kusonkhana ndikukhala m'malesitilanti, kuphatikizapo Kermer de Legal ndi wophunzira wake François Philidor. Kwa osewera ambiri otsogola a chess, masewera m'malesitilanti anali gwero lalikulu la ndalama, chifukwa nthawi zambiri ankaseweredwa ndi ndalama. Chifukwa chake, titha kunena kuti chizolowezi cha munthu pakutchova njuga chinathandizira kukula kwa chess. The cafe osati ankasewera ndalama, komanso pachiswe zotsatira za masewera payekha.

M'masiku amenewo, mawu oti "cafemaster" anali ndi tanthauzo losiyana kwambiri ndi pano. Iye anali wosewera wamphamvu yemwe ankakhala moyo wake akusewera chess. "Wampikisano" woteroyo anali ndi mphamvu yowunika mwamsanga mphamvu ya mdani pamene adapereka masewera a ndalama, koma nthawi yomweyo ankafuna mabwalo. Mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, master Cafe Regency nthawi zambiri anali wosewera wamphamvu kwambiri m'dzikoli, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale padziko lapansi.

Mu 1750, wosewera wa chess wa ku France Kermer de Legal, yemwe adawona kuti ndi wosewera wamphamvu kwambiri ku France mpaka wophunzira wake François Philidor adamugonjetsa, adasewera imodzi mwazithunzi zodziwika bwino m'mbiri ya chess ku Café de la Régence. Gululi linali mutu wa operetta Der Seekadett (Navy Cadet) yolembedwa ndi Richard Genet mu 1887.

Malo omwe akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1 adapangidwa mumayendedwe anayi okha: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 3.Bc4 Bg4 4.Nc3 g6? Black akukhulupirira kuti mlatho woyera f3 wakhomedwa, koma iyi ndi pini yabodza 5.S: e5! G:d1 ndi?? Wakuda avomereze kutayika kwa pawn ndikuteteza mfumu ku cheke ndi 5… Be6 kapena 5… d: e5, koma osawona kuopsa kwa 6. G: f7 + Ke7 7. Nd5 # (chithunzi 2).

1. Kermeur de Legal - Saint-Brie, Café de la Régence, 1750; malo ndi 4… g6?

2. Kermeur de Legal - Saint Bris, Café de la Régence, 1750; Matt Legal

3. François-André Danican Philidor ndi wopeka nyimbo waku France komanso wosewera wamkulu kwambiri wa chess m'zaka za zana la XNUMX.

Wophunzira zamalamulo komanso mlendo wobwera ku cafe anali (1726-1795), wosewera wotchuka kwambiri wa chess m'zaka za zana la 3 (XNUMX). M'buku lake "L'analyse des Echecs" ("Analysis of the game of chess"), lomwe linadutsa makope oposa zana, adasintha kumvetsetsa kwa chess. Lingaliro lake lodziwika bwino lili m'mawu odziwika bwino akuti "pawns ndi moyo wamasewera", kugogomezera kufunikira kwa sewero lolondola la pawns m'magawo onse amasewera.

W Cafe Regency anzake okhazikika m’gululi anali Voltaire ndi Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Ngakhale pa moyo wake, iye anali kuyamikiridwa monga woimba ndi kupeka, iye anasiya makumi awiri zisudzo! Potsegulira chiphunzitso, kukumbukira kwa Philidor kumasungidwa m'dzina la chimodzi mwa zotsegulira, Philidor Defense: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6. Masewero a Philidor anali apamwamba kwambiri kuposa onse a m’nthaŵi yake moti kuyambira ali ndi zaka 21 ankangosewera otsutsa ake m’mabwalo.

Oimira Parisian intelligentsia - olemba, atolankhani ndi ndale - anakumana mu cafe. Voltaire ndi Rousseau tatchulawa, komanso Denis Diderot, nthawi zambiri ankakhala kuno. Womalizayo analemba kuti: "Paris ndi malo padziko lapansi, ndipo Café de la Régence ndi malo ku Paris komwe chess imaseweredwa pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri."

Malo odyerawa adachezeredwanso ndi wokonda chess Benjamin Franklin ndi Emperor waku Austria Joseph I, omwe adayenda incognito kudutsa France pansi pa dzina loti Prince Falkenstein. Mu 1780, Mfumu ya ku Russia Paul Woyamba, mwana wa Catherine Wamkulu, anadzafika kuno. Mu 1798 mu Cafe Regency Napoleon Bonaparte. Gome la marble, lomwe mfumu yam'tsogolo idakhalapo, idakhala ndi malo olemekezeka mu cafe kwa zaka zambiri ndi mawu ofanana.

4. Masewera otchuka a chess omwe adaseweredwa mu 1843 ku Café de la Régence ndi Howard Staunton ndi Pierre Charles Fourier Saint-Aman.

Mu theka loyamba la zaka za zana la XNUMX, osewera a chess omwe amawonedwa kuti ndi akatswiri padziko lonse lapansi omwe adachitika ku Café de la Régence: Alexandre Deschapelles, Louis de la Bourdonnet ndi Pierre Saint-Amand. M'zaka za m'ma XNUMX ndi osewera abwino kwambiri a chess padziko lapansi Cafe Regency a British anayamba kupikisana.

Mu 1834, masewera osakhala nawo adayamba pakati pa oyimira cafe ndi Westminster Chess Club, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa zaka zitatu m'mbuyomu.

Mu 1843, masewera adasewera mu cafe, zomwe zinathetsa ulamuliro wautali wa osewera a chess aku France. Pierre Saint-Aman adaluza kwa Mngelezi Howard Staunton (+6 -11 = 4). Wojambula wa ku France Jean-Henri Marlet, bwenzi lapamtima la Pierre Saint-Amand, adajambula mu 1843 chithunzi cha "The Game of Chess", momwe Staunton amasewera ndi Saint-Amand mu cafe "Regence" (4).

5. Khamu la okonda chess mu Café de la Régence

Mu 1852, mogwirizana ndi ntchito yomanga kuzungulira Louvre, cafe anasamukira ku Dodun Hotel pa 21 rue Richelieu, ndiyeno, mu 1855, anabwerera kufupi ndi malo mbiri (rue Saint-Honoré 161), kusunga ake. zenizeni. khalidwe ndi kasitomala wakale (5). Panthawiyo, cafeyo inalandira mkati mwatsopano, kuphatikizapo zojambula za chess monga kuphulika kwa Philidor.

Cafe Regency adawona zochitika zazikulu zamasewera. Pa Seputembara 27, 1858, Paul Morphy adasewera gawo limodzi lotsekeka m'maso ndi osewera amphamvu asanu ndi atatu a chess ku Paris, kupeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri - kupambana kasanu ndi kawiri (6).

6. Paul Morphy amasewera akhungu ndi osewera amphamvu asanu ndi atatu a Parisian chess.

Simultana inatenga maola 10, panthawi yomwe Morphy sanadye kapena kumwa chilichonse. Atatuluka m’nyumbayo ataimaliza, khamu la anthulo linasangalala kwambiri ndi katswiri wa chess moti asilikali ankhondo a Imperial Guard anakhulupirira kuti zasintha. M'mawa wotsatira, Morphy adakumbukira mayendedwe onse asanu ndi atatu omwe adaseweredwa, komanso mazana amitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe idachitika pamasewera a maola awiri. Mu April 1859, phwando lotsazikana linachitika mu cafe polemekeza mbuye American, amene anagonjetsa ambiri osewera European chess.

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1910 ndi koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1916, cafeyo idataya pang'onopang'ono kufunikira kwake ngati likulu la chess, ngakhale idali malo ochitirako zochitika zofunika kwambiri za chess ndipo idakhala ndi osewera ambiri otchuka. Idasinthidwa kukhala malo odyera mu XNUMX ndipo ambiri mwa osewera chess adaganiza zosamukira ku Café de l'Univers mu XNUMX.

7. Nyumba yomwe munkakhalamo Café de la Régence.

Lero mu Cafe Regency chess sichimaseweredwanso, kuphulika kwa Philidor ndi tebulo lomwe Bonaparte wachichepere adapikisana nawo zasowa. "Kachisi wakale wa chess" amakhala ndi National Tourism Office ku Morocco (7). Pali malo odyera ambiri okongola pafupi, koma palibe omwe ali ngati osewera chess omwe amasonkhana.

Jan-Krzysztof Duda, wazaka 17, ndiye wachiwiri kwa ngwazi yapadziko lonse lapansi pansi pa 20!

Jan-Krzysztof Duda adapezanso chipambano china chachikulu pomwe adapambana mendulo yasiliva pa World Junior Chess Championship U20, yomwe idachitika kuyambira 1 mpaka 16 September ku Khanty-Mansiysk, mzinda waku Russia ku Siberia. Pole adatsogolera maulendo angapo ndipo anali pafupi kupambana mumpikisano wonse.

Chotsatira chake, mu masewera khumi ndi atatu adasewera, adapeza mfundo 10, chiwerengero chofanana ndi wopambana wa ku Russia Mikhail Antipov (8).

8. Masewera a osewera awiri abwino kwambiri a World Chess Championship U20 asanachitike

Duda anakumana ndi Antipov chaka chachikulu kuposa iye mu 9th (8th) kuzungulira. The Russian ankalemekeza Pole ndipo, kusewera ndi Black, anayesa kukwaniritsa kujambula. Duda adapeza mwayi pang'ono, koma waku Russia adadzitchinjiriza bwino ndipo masewerawo adatha molingana.

Mu kuzungulira komaliza, Antipov bwinobwino anapambana masewera otaika ndipo anapambana kumbuyo mfundo 0,5 ku Pole, amene anangotulutsa. Mpikisanowo unangosankhidwa ndi gawo lachitatu lothandizira, lomwe, mwatsoka, silinali mokomera wosewera mpira wathu wa chess ku Wieliczka.

Pole, komabe, sinagolepo ngakhale masewera amodzi pampikisanowu, idapambana zisanu ndi ziwiri ndikutulutsa zisanu ndi chimodzi. Mpikisanowo utatha, iye anati: “Ndili ndi zaka zina zitatu zoti ndizitha kusewera m’gulu la zaka zimenezi ndipo sindidzaphonya.

Pakadali pano, Jan-Krzysztof Duda ali pachitatu padziko lonse lapansi paudindo wa FIDE pakati pa achinyamata ochepera zaka 17, patsogolo pake ndi Chinese Wei Yi ndi waku Russia Vladislav Artemyev.