Tsogolo lagona pa kufalitsa magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi achindunji? World Archipelago ndi maukonde ake

Masiku ano, zingwe zamagetsi zambiri zamphamvu kwambiri zimachokera kumagetsi osinthasintha. Komabe, chitukuko cha magwero atsopano a mphamvu, magetsi a dzuwa ndi mphepo, omwe ali kutali ndi midzi ndi ogula mafakitale, amafuna ma intaneti opatsirana, nthawi zina ngakhale pamtunda wa kontinenti. Ndipo apa, monga momwe zinakhalira, HVDC ndiyabwino kuposa HVAC.

high voltage DC mzere (yachidule pa High Voltage Direct Current) ali ndi luso lonyamula mphamvu zambiri kuposa HVAC (yachidule pa High Voltage Alternate Current) ya mtunda wautali. Mwinamwake mkangano wofunikira kwambiri ndi mtengo wotsika wa njira yotereyi pamtunda wautali. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndizothandiza kwambiri kupereka magetsi mtunda wautali kuchokera kumadera opangira mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa omwe amalumikiza zilumba kumtunda komanso ngakhale makontinenti omwe angakhale osiyana.

Mtengo wa HVAC amafuna kumanga nsanja zazikulu ndi mizere yolumikizira. Izi nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa zionetsero kuchokera kwa anthu amderalo. HVDC ikhoza kuyikidwa mtunda wautali uliwonse mobisa, popanda chiopsezo cha kutaya mphamvu kwakukulumonga momwe zilili ndi maukonde obisika a AC. Iyi ndi njira yotsika mtengo pang'ono, koma ndi njira yopewera mavuto ambiri omwe ma network amakumana nawo. Inde, kufala kuchokera Chigawo cha Columbia mizere yopatsirana yomwe ilipo komanso yovomerezeka ndi anthu yokhala ndi mapiloni okwera amatha kusinthidwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kutumiza mphamvu zambiri kudzera mumizere yomweyo.

Pali mavuto ambiri ndi kufala kwa magetsi a AC omwe amadziwika bwino ndi akatswiri opanga magetsi. Izi zikuphatikizapo, mwa zina kupanga ma electromagnetic fieldschifukwa chake, mizereyo imakhala yokwera pamwamba pa nthaka ndipo imasiyanitsidwa. Palinso kutayika kwa kutentha m'nthaka ndi madzi ndi zovuta zina zambiri zomwe zaphunzira kuthana ndi nthawi, koma zomwe zikupitirizabe kulemetsa chuma chamagetsi. Maukonde a AC amafunikira zovuta zambiri zauinjiniya, koma kugwiritsa ntchito AC ndikotsika mtengo pakufalitsa. mtunda wautali magetsikotero nthawi zambiri awa sakhala mavuto osatha. Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti simungagwiritse ntchito njira yabwinoko.

Kodi padzakhala kugwirizana kwamphamvu padziko lonse lapansi?

Mu 1954, ABB idamanga chingwe chozama cha 96 km kuchokera pakati pa dziko la Sweden ndi chilumbachi (1). Ndi traction bwanji amakulolani kuti mutenge kawiri voteji Kwagwanji kusinthasintha kwamakono. Mizere yapansi panthaka ndi pansi pamadzi ya DC sitaya mphamvu yake yotumizira poyerekeza ndi mizere yapamtunda. Pakali pano sipanga gawo lamagetsi lomwe lingakhudze ma conductor ena, nthaka kapena madzi. Makulidwe a owongolera amatha kukhala aliwonse, popeza kuwongolera kwachindunji sikumakonda kuyenda pamwamba pa kondakitala. DC ilibe ma frequency, chifukwa chake ndikosavuta kulumikiza ma netiweki awiri a ma frequency osiyanasiyana ndikuwasintha kukhala AC.

Komabe D.C. akadali ndi zofooka ziwiri zomwe zidamulepheretsa kulanda dziko, osachepera mpaka posachedwa. Choyamba, zosinthira magetsi zinali zodula kwambiri kuposa zosinthira zosavuta za AC. Komabe, mtengo wamagetsi a DC (2) ukutsika kwambiri. Kuchepetsa mtengo kumakhudzidwanso ndi mfundo yakuti chiwerengero cha zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji kumbali ya olandira mphamvu zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito zikuwonjezeka.

2. Siemens DC thiransifoma

Vuto lachiwiri ndiloti magetsi othamanga kwambiri a DC (ma fuse) anali osagwira ntchito. Ma circuit breakers ndi zinthu zomwe zimateteza magetsi kuti asachuluke. DC mechanical circuit breakers anali ochedwa kwambiri. Kumbali inayi, ngakhale ma switch amagetsi ndi othamanga kwambiri, ma actuation awo adalumikizidwa ndi zazikulu, mpaka 30 peresenti. kutaya mphamvu. Izi zakhala zovuta kuthana nazo koma zakwaniritsidwa posachedwa ndi m'badwo watsopano wa ma hybrid circuit breakers.

Ngati malipoti aposachedwa angakhulupirire, tili panjira yothana ndi zovuta zaukadaulo zomwe zasokoneza mayankho a HVDC. Kotero ndi nthawi yoti mupite ku zopindulitsa zosakayikitsa. Kusanthula kumasonyeza kuti pa mtunda wina, pambuyo kuwoloka otchedwa.mfundo yofanana» (pafupifupi 600-800 km), njira ina ya HVDC, ngakhale kuti mtengo wake woyamba ndi wokwera kuposa mtengo woyambira wa makhazikitsidwe a AC, nthawi zonse umapangitsa kuti pakhale mtengo wotsika wapaintaneti. Kutalika kwa zingwe zapansi pamadzi ndi kochepa kwambiri (nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 50 km) kusiyana ndi mizere yapamtunda (3).

3. Fananizani ndalama ndi mtengo wotumizira magetsi pakati pa HVAC ndi HVDC.

DC terminal nthawi zonse azikhala okwera mtengo kuposa ma terminals a AC, chifukwa ayenera kukhala ndi zigawo zosinthira magetsi a DC komanso DC kukhala AC kutembenuka. Koma kutembenuka kwa magetsi a DC ndi zowononga ma circuit ndizotsika mtengo. Akaunti iyi ikupanga phindu kwambiri.

Pakadali pano, zotayika zotumizira ma network amakono zimachokera ku 7%. mpaka 15 peresenti kufala kwapadziko lapansi kutengera ma alternating current. Pankhani ya kufalitsa kwa DC, amakhala otsika kwambiri ndipo amakhalabe otsika ngakhale zingwe zitayikidwa pansi pamadzi kapena pansi.

Chifukwa chake HVDC ndiyomveka kumtunda wautali. Malo ena kumene izi zidzagwira ntchito ndi anthu amwazikana kuzilumba zonse. Indonesia ndi chitsanzo chabwino. Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi anthu 261 miliyoni okhala pazilumba pafupifupi zikwi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Zambiri mwa zisumbuzi pakali pano zimadalira mafuta ndi dizilo. Japan ili ndi vuto lofananalo ndi zisumbu 6, 852 mwa zomwe zili ndi anthu.

Japan ikuganiza zomanga mizere iwiri yayikulu yamagetsi yamagetsi ya DC ndi mainland Asia.zomwe zidzatheke kuthetsa kufunika kodzipangira okha ndikuwongolera magetsi awo onse m'dera laling'ono lokhala ndi zovuta zazikulu zamtunda. Mayiko monga Great Britain, Denmark ndi ena ambiri amakonzedwa mofananamo.

Mwachikhalidwe, China imaganiza pamlingo woposa mayiko ena. Kampaniyi, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito gridi yamagetsi aboma m'dziko muno, yabwera ndi lingaliro lomanga gridi ya DC yamagetsi yamagetsi yapadziko lonse yomwe ilumikiza magetsi onse amphepo ndi dzuwa padziko lonse lapansi pofika chaka cha 2050. Njira yotereyi, kuphatikiza njira zanzeru zama gridi zomwe zimagawika ndikugawa mphamvu kuchokera kumalo komwe zimapangidwira mochulukirapo kupita kumalo komwe zikufunika pakadali pano, zitha kupangitsa kuti muwerenge "Young Technician" pansi pa kuwala kwa nyali yoyendetsedwa ndi nyali. ndi mphamvu yopangidwa ndi makina oyendera mphepo omwe ali kwinakwake ku South Pacific. Kupatula apo, dziko lonse lapansi ndi mtundu wa zisumbu.