Tsogolo mu ufa

Kampani yaku Sweden ya VBN Components imapanga zinthu zachitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje owonjezera pogwiritsa ntchito ufa wokhala ndi zowonjezera, makamaka zida monga kubowola ndi odula mphero. Ukadaulo wosindikizira wa 3D umachotsa kufunikira kopanga ndi kukonza, kumachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangira, komanso kumapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito mapeto kusankha kwakukulu kwa zida zapamwamba.

Kupereka kwa VBN zigawo zikuphatikizapo mwachitsanzo. Vibenite 290zomwe, malinga ndi kampani yaku Sweden, ndi chitsulo cholimba kwambiri padziko lapansi (72 HRC). Njira yopangira Vibenite 290 ndikuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono kuuma kwa zinthu mpaka. Zigawo zofunidwa zikasindikizidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zopangira izi, palibe kukonzanso kwina kusiyapo kugaya kapena EDM kumafunika. Palibe kudula, mphero kapena kubowola. Chifukwa chake, kampaniyo imapanga magawo okhala ndi miyeso mpaka 200 x 200 x 380 mm, geometry yomwe singapangidwe pogwiritsa ntchito umisiri wina wopanga.

Chitsulo sichifunika nthawi zonse. Gulu lofufuza kuchokera ku HRL Laboratories lapanga njira yosindikizira ya 3D. zitsulo za aluminiyamu ndi mphamvu zapamwamba. Amatchedwa njira nanofunctional. Mwachidule, njira yatsopanoyi imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ufa wapadera wa nanofunctional ku chosindikizira cha 3D, chomwe "sintered" ndi laser woonda zigawo, zomwe zimabweretsa kukula kwa chinthu chamitundu itatu. Pa kusungunuka ndi kulimba, zomwe zimapangidwira sizikuwonongeka ndikusunga mphamvu zawo zonse chifukwa cha nanoparticles zomwe zimakhala ngati nucleation malo opangira microstructure ya alloy.

Ma aloyi amphamvu kwambiri monga aluminiyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani olemera, ukadaulo wa ndege (mwachitsanzo, fuselage), ndi zida zamagalimoto. Ukadaulo watsopano wa nanofunctionalization umawapatsa osati mphamvu zapamwamba zokha, komanso mawonekedwe ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana.

Kuwonjezera m'malo mwa kuchotsa

Mu njira zachikhalidwe zopangira zitsulo, zinyalala zimachotsedwa ndi makina. Njira yowonjezera imagwira ntchito mobwereranso - imakhala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndikuwonjezera magawo otsatizana azinthu zazing'ono, ndikupanga magawo a XNUMXD pafupifupi mawonekedwe aliwonse kutengera mtundu wa digito.

Ngakhale njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kale popanga ma prototyping komanso kupanga zitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito kwake mwachindunji popanga zinthu kapena zida zomwe zimapangidwira msika kwakhala kovuta chifukwa cha kuchepa kwachangu komanso zinthu zosagwira ntchito. Komabe, izi zikusintha pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha ntchito ya ofufuza m'malo ambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Kupyolera mukuyesera movutikira, matekinoloje awiri akuluakulu osindikizira a XNUMXD asinthidwa: laser kuyika zitsulo (LMD) ndi kusankha laser kusungunuka (ULM). Ukadaulo wa laser umapangitsa kuti pakhale zotheka kupanga tsatanetsatane wabwino ndikupeza zabwino zapamwamba, zomwe sizingatheke ndi 50D electron beam printing (EBM). Mu SLM, nsonga ya mtengo wa laser imalunjikitsidwa pa ufa wazinthuzo, ndikuwotcherera molingana ndi dongosolo lomwe laperekedwa ndikulondola kwa ma microns 250 mpaka 3. Komanso, LMD imagwiritsa ntchito laser kuti ipange ufa kuti upange zopangira zodzithandizira za XNUMXD.

Njirazi zatsimikizira kuti ndizothandiza kwambiri popanga zida zandege. ndipo, makamaka, kugwiritsa ntchito laser metal deposition kumakulitsa kuthekera kwa mapangidwe azinthu zakuthambo. Zitha kupangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zokhala ndi zovuta zamkati ndi ma gradients omwe sanatheke m'mbuyomu. Kuphatikiza apo, matekinoloje onse a laser amathandizira kupanga zinthu za geometry yovuta ndikupeza magwiridwe antchito azinthu kuchokera kumitundu yambiri ya alloys.

Seputembala watha, Airbus idalengeza kuti yakonzekeretsa kupanga kwake A350 XWB ndi zosindikiza zowonjezera. gulu la titaniyamu, yopangidwa ndi Arconic. Awa si mathero, chifukwa mgwirizano wa Arconic ndi Airbus umapereka kusindikiza kwa 3D kuchokera ku ufa wa titaniyamu-nickel. ziwalo za thupi i propulsion system. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti Arconic sagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa laser, koma mtundu wake wowongoka wa EBM electronic arc.

Chimodzi mwazomwe zachitika pakupanga umisiri wowonjezera pakupanga zitsulo ndikuyenera kukhala chithunzi choyambirira chomwe chikaperekedwa ku likulu la Dutch Damen Shipyards Group kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2017. woyendetsa sitima aloyi zitsulo dzina lake pambuyo VAAmpeller. Pambuyo pa mayesero oyenerera, ambiri omwe achitika kale, chitsanzocho chimakhala ndi mwayi wovomerezeka kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito pa zombo.

Monga tsogolo laukadaulo wopangira zitsulo lili muzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kapena zida za aloyi, ndikofunikira kudziwa osewera akulu pamsika uno. Malinga ndi "Additive Manufacturing Metal Powder Market Report" yomwe idasindikizidwa mu Novembala 2017, opanga ofunikira kwambiri opanga zitsulo zosindikizira za 3D ndi: GKN, Hitachi Chemical, Rio Tinto, ATI Powder Metals, Praxair, Arconic, Sandvik AB, Renishaw, Höganäs AB , Metaldyne Performance Gulu, BÖHLER Edelstahl, Carpenter Technology Corporation, Aubert & Duval.

Kusindikiza kwa propeller WAAMpeller

Gawo lamadzimadzi

Zodziwika bwino zamakono zowonjezera zitsulo pakalipano zimadalira kugwiritsa ntchito ufa (momwemo ndi momwe vibenite yomwe tatchulayi imapangidwira) "sintered" ndi laser-fused pa kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumafunika poyambira. Komabe, malingaliro atsopano akubwera. Ofufuza ochokera ku Cryobiomedical Engineering Laboratory ya Chinese Academy of Sciences ku Beijing apanga njira Kusindikiza kwa 3D ndi "inki", yopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosungunula ndi malo osungunuka pang'ono pamwamba pa kutentha kwa chipinda. Mu kafukufuku wofalitsidwa m'magazini ya Science China Technological Sciences, ofufuza Liu Jing ndi Wang Lei akuwonetsa njira yosindikizira madzi a gallium, bismuth, kapena indium-based alloys ndi kuwonjezera kwa nanoparticles.

Poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe zachitsulo, kusindikiza kwa 3D kwamadzimadzi kuli ndi zabwino zingapo zofunika. Choyamba, kupangidwa kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa mapangidwe atatu-dimensional kungapezeke. Kuphatikiza apo, apa mutha kusintha mosavuta kutentha ndi kutuluka kwa choziziritsa kukhosi. Komanso, madzi conductive zitsulo angagwiritsidwe ntchito osakaniza zinthu sanali zitsulo (monga mapulasitiki), amene amakulitsa luso mapangidwe zigawo zikuluzikulu.

Asayansi ku American Northwestern University apanganso njira yatsopano yosindikizira yachitsulo ya 3D yomwe ili yotsika mtengo komanso yocheperako kuposa yomwe idadziwika kale. M'malo mwa ufa wachitsulo, ma lasers kapena matabwa a elekitironi, amagwiritsa ntchito uvuni wamba i zamadzimadzi. Kuonjezera apo, njirayi imagwira ntchito bwino pamitundu yambiri ya zitsulo, aloyi, mankhwala, ndi oxides. Ndizofanana ndi chisindikizo cha nozzle monga timadziwira ndi mapulasitiki. "Ink" imakhala ndi ufa wachitsulo wosungunuka mu chinthu chapadera ndi kuwonjezera kwa elastomer. Panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, imakhala yotentha. Kenako, wosanjikiza wa zinthu waikamo kuchokera nozzle ndi sintered ndi yapita zigawo pa kutentha okwera analengedwa mu ng'anjo. Njirayi ikufotokozedwa m'magazini apadera a Advanced Functional Materials.

Njira Yosindikizira ya China Liquid Metal Phase

Mu 2016, ofufuza a Harvard adayambitsa njira ina yomwe imatha kupanga zitsulo za XNUMXD. kusindikizidwa "mumlengalenga". Yunivesite ya Harvard yapanga chosindikizira cha 3D chomwe, mosiyana ndi ena, sichimapanga zinthu zosanjikiza ndi zosanjikiza, koma zimapanga zovuta "mumlengalenga" - kuchokera kuzitsulo zozizira nthawi yomweyo. Chipangizocho, chopangidwa ku John A. Paulson School of Engineering ndi Applied Sciences, chimasindikiza zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito nanoparticles zasiliva. Laser yolunjika imatenthetsa zinthuzo ndikuziphatikiza, ndikupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga helix.

Kufunika kwa msika kwa zinthu zosindikizira za 3D zolondola kwambiri monga zoyikapo zachipatala ndi mbali za injini za ndege kukukulirakulira. Ndipo chifukwa deta yamalonda ikhoza kugawidwa ndi ena, makampani padziko lonse lapansi, ngati ali ndi mwayi wopeza ufa wachitsulo ndi chosindikizira choyenera cha 3D, akhoza kugwira ntchito kuti achepetse ndalama zogulira katundu ndi katundu. Monga zimadziwika, matekinoloje ofotokozedwawa amathandizira kwambiri kupanga zigawo zachitsulo za geometry yovuta, patsogolo pa umisiri wamakono wopanga. Kupanga mapulogalamu apadera kungapangitse mitengo yotsika komanso kutseguka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira a 3D pamapulogalamu wamba.

Chitsulo cholimba kwambiri cha Swedish - chosindikizira cha 3D:

Chitsulo cholimba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi - chopangidwa ku Uppsala, Sweden

Filimu ya Aluminium yosindikiza: 

Kupambana mu Metallurgy: Kusindikiza kwa 3D kwa aluminiyamu yamphamvu kwambiri