Zida zankhondo za Great Britain 1939-1945. gawo 2
A15 Crusader inali mtundu waukulu wagalimoto yaku Britain "yothamanga" pankhondo ku North Africa mu 1941-1942.
Kutenga nawo gawo kwa 1st Armored Division ndi 1st Armored Brigade of the Army mu kampeni yaku France ya 1940 zidapangitsa kuti pakhale mfundo zofunika zokhudzana ndi bungwe ndi zida zamagulu ankhondo aku Britain. Sikuti onse akanatha kukhazikitsidwa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo si onse omwe anamveka bwino. Zinatengera ovulala ambiri komanso magazi ankhondo kuti ayambitse kusintha kwatsopano, kokulirapo.
Magulu ankhondo aku Britain omwe adasamutsidwa ku France adataya pafupifupi zida zawo zonse, motero zidayenera kukonzedwanso. Mwachitsanzo, magulu ankhondo a mfuti adapangidwa kuchokera kumagulu achitetezo a magulu omwe adasamutsidwa, omwe adaphatikizidwa kukhala magulu awiri a mfuti zamakina. Mapangidwewa anali ndi magalimoto, mfuti zamakina, zopangira kunyumba komanso zachizolowezi
magalimoto okhala ndi zida.
Chiwembu chatsopano ndi antchito a gulu lankhondo adaperekabe magawo ake kukhala magulu awiri omenyera zida ndi gulu lothandizira, komabe, kuwonjezera pa magulu atatu ankhondo akasinja, gulu lililonse lankhondo lidaphatikizansopo gulu lankhondo loyendetsa mfuti ndi makampani anayi omwe ali ndi zida za Universal Carrier. zonyamulira (atatu platoons mu kampani, 44 okha) mu battalion) ndi kuwala mawilo kuzindikiritsa magalimoto Humber (gulu lachidziwitso kampani) ndi gulu la asilikali, amene anali, mwa ena, awiri 76,2-mm matope zigawo. Chilichonse mwa magulu atsopano a tankichi chinali ndi makampani atatu, magulu anayi, akasinja atatu othamanga (16 pa kampani iliyonse - ndi akasinja awiri othamanga ndi akasinja awiri othandizira, ndi howitzer m'malo mwa cannon mu chipinda cholamula), okwana Akasinja 52 okhala ndi akasinja anayi othamanga mugulu la olamulira agawolo. Kuphatikiza apo, gulu lililonse lankhondo linali ndi gulu lodzidzimutsa lomwe linali ndi zonyamulira 10 zamawiro opepuka. Gulu lankhondo lankhondo, lomwe linali ndi magulu atatu ankhondo ndi akasinja othamanga 10 mu kampani yoyang'anira, anali ndi akasinja 166 (ndi magalimoto onyamula zida za 39, kuphatikiza 9 mu brigade), kotero panali akasinja 340 mumagulu awiri agawolo. , kuphatikiza matanki asanu ndi atatu ku likulu la division.
Kumbali ina, kusintha kwakukulu kwachitika mu gulu lothandizira. Tsopano inali ndi gulu limodzi lankhondo loyenda bwino pamagalimoto (popanda zonyamulira ndege zapadziko lonse), gulu lankhondo lakumunda, gulu lankhondo lolimbana ndi akasinja olimbana ndi akasinja ndi gulu lankhondo lolimbana ndi ndege (monga magulu osiyana m'malo mwa gulu limodzi), komanso awiri. mayunitsi a injiniya. makampani ndi bridge park. Gawoli lidawonjezeredwanso ndi gulu loyang'anira magalimoto onyamula zida.
ndi matanki opepuka.
Gulu lankhondo lomwe lili ndi zida zatsopano zogwirira ntchito zomwe zidayambitsidwa mu Okutobala 1940 zinali ndi asitikali 13 (kuphatikiza maofesala 669), akasinja 626, magalimoto onyamula zida 340, zonyamula 58 zowunikira mawilo, magalimoto apadziko lonse lapansi 145, magalimoto okwera 109 (magalimoto okwera kwambiri). .
Kukwera kwa Makoswe a M'chipululu
Kupangidwa kwa gulu lina la mafoni ku Egypt kudalengezedwa mu Marichi 1938. Mu September 1938, mkulu wawo woyamba, Major General Percy Hobart, anafika ku Igupto, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi kupangidwa kwa mgwirizano wanzeru kunayamba. Pakatikati pake panali gulu lankhondo lopepuka lokhala ndi: 7th Royal Hussars - gulu lankhondo lopepuka, la 8th Royal Irish Hussars - gulu lankhondo loyenda ndi ma 11 a Royal Hussars (wa Prince Albert) - gulu lankhondo la Rolls-Royce. Gulu lachiwiri la gululi linali gulu lankhondo lolemera lomwe lili ndi zida ziwiri: 1st RTC Battalion ndi 6th RTC Battalion, onse okhala ndi akasinja opepuka a Vickers Light Mk VI ndi akasinja apakati a Vickers Medium Mk I ndi Mk II. Kuphatikiza apo, gawoli linaphatikizanso gulu lothandizira lomwe lili ndi gulu lankhondo lankhondo la 3rd Regiment of the Royal Horse Artillery (24 94-mm howwitzers), gulu lankhondo lankhondo la 1st battalion la Royal Fusiliers, komanso makampani awiri a injiniya. .
Nkhondo itangoyamba, mu September 1939, gululo linasintha dzina lake kukhala Panzer Division (palibe nambala), ndipo pa February 16, 1940, 7th Panzer Division. Mu December 1939, Major General Percy Hobart anali - chifukwa cha kusagwirizana ndi akuluakulu ake - kuchotsedwa paudindo wake; adasankhidwa ndi Major General Michael O'Moore Creagh (1892-1970). Pa nthawi yomweyo, kuwala oti muli nazo zida brigade 7 thanki brigade, ndi lolemera zida brigade anakhala 4 oti muli nazo zida. Gulu lothandizira linasinthanso mwalamulo dzina lake kuchokera ku Gulu la Pivot kupita ku Gulu Lothandizira (ndodoyo ndi lever yomwe imawonjezera mphamvu yonyamula).
Pang'onopang'ono, gawolo linalandira zida zatsopano, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kukonzekeretsa akasinja onse a 7 Tank Brigade, ndipo gulu lachitatu la 4 Tank Brigade mu mawonekedwe a 2 Royal Tank Regiment linawonjezedwa kwa izo mu October 1940. 7 Hussars ndi magalimoto ake oti muli nazo zida - kusamutsidwa kwa gawoli ku mlingo wa magawano monga gulu lachidziwitso, ndipo m'malo mwake - gulu lankhondo la 11 la Royal Hussars, lomwe linasamutsidwa ku UK.
