British Expeditionary Force ku France mu 1940.

Mfuti za anti-tank panthawi imodzi mwazochita za British Expeditionary Force zisanachitike ku Germany mu May 1940.

Britain ndi France ankayembekezera kuti nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse idzafanana ndi ya 1914-1918. Zinanenedweratu kuti pa gawo loyamba padzakhala nkhondo yachiwonongeko, ndipo pambuyo pake Allies adzatha kuyambitsa njira yowonongeka yomwe idzatambasula kwa miyezi yambiri. Pochita zimenezi, iwo anayenera kuyang’anizana ndi zochita zowongolera mofulumira. Mmodzi mwa ozunzidwa oyamba anali gulu lankhondo laku Britain, "lotulutsidwa" kuchokera ku kontinentiyo patatha milungu itatu yakumenyana.

Bungwe la British Expeditionary Force (BEF) linakhazikitsidwa pa September 1, 1939 pambuyo pa nkhondo ya Germany ku Poland, koma sizinayambike. Kuukira kwa Italy ku Ethiopia, kuwuka kwa Wehrmacht ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa Rhineland ndi Germany kunawonetseratu kuti dongosolo la Versailles latha. Nkhondo ya ku Germany inali kuyambiranso mofulumira, ndipo kugwirizana pakati pa France ndi Great Britain kunali kosapeŵeka. Pa April 15-16, 1936, oimira akuluakulu a maulamuliro onse aŵiri anakamba nkhani ku London. Apa ndipatuka pang'ono.

Panthawiyo, Major General wa Asilikali a ku France ndi a British Imperial General Staff ankagwira ntchito ngati High Command of the Land Forces. Asitikali apamadzi anali ndi likulu lawo, État-major de la Marine ku France ndi Admiralty Naval Staff, kuwonjezera apo, ku UK anali ogonjera mautumiki ena, War Office ndi Admiralty (ku France kunali imodzi, Ministre de la Défense Nationale et de la Guerre , i.e. chitetezo cha dziko ndi nkhondo). Mayiko onsewa anali ndi likulu la gulu lankhondo lodziyimira pawokha, ku France État-Major de l'Armée de l'Air, komanso ku UK likulu lankhondo zamlengalenga (lomwe lili pansi pa Unduna wa Zamlengalenga). Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti panalibe likulu lophatikizidwa pamutu wa magulu onse ankhondo. Komabe, linali likulu la asilikali apansi omwe anali ofunika kwambiri pa nkhaniyi, ndiko kuti, ponena za ntchito pa kontinenti.

Asitikali aku Britain okhala ndi mfuti yaku France 1934 mm Hotchkiss mle 25 anti-tank, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi makampani odana ndi akasinja.

Chotsatira cha mapanganowo chinali mgwirizano womwe Great Britain, pakachitika nkhondo ndi Germany, inali kutumiza malo ake okhala ndi ndege zothandizira ku France. Mgwirizano wa nthaka uyenera kukhala pansi pa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka anthu ku Britain. The air contingent anali kuchita m'malo mwa lamulo la British contingent, pokhala ntchito pansi pa izo, ngakhale mkulu wa chigawo mpweya anali ndi ufulu apilo ku likulu mlengalenga zigamulo ntchito ya mkulu dziko British ku France. Kumbali ina, sichinali pansi pa ulamuliro wa French Armée de l'Air. Mu May 1936, zikalata zosainidwa zinasinthidwa kupyolera mu Embassy ya Britain ku Paris.

Pankhani ya ntchito za m’nyanja ndi m’nyanja zikuluzikulu, likulu la asilikali a pamadzi aŵiriwo pambuyo pake linagwirizana kuti nyanja ya North Sea, Atlantic ndi Eastern Mediterranean idzasamutsidwira ku Royal Navy, ndi Bay of Biscay ndi Western Mediterranean kupita ku National Marines. Kuyambira pomwe mgwirizanowu unakwaniritsidwa, magulu awiriwa adayamba kusinthanitsa zidziwitso zodzitchinjiriza wina ndi mnzake. Mwachitsanzo, British Defense Attaché, Colonel Frederick G. Beaumont-Nesbitt, anali mlendo woyamba kusonyezedwa mipanda yoyandikana ndi Maginot Line. Komabe, tsatanetsatane wa mapulani achitetezo sanafotokozedwe. Ngakhale pamenepo, Afalansa anali amphamvu mokwanira kuti athetse kuukira kwa Germany, ndipo a British adayenera kuthandizira chitetezo cha Belgian m'gawo lake, kusiya nkhondo ku France kwa Afalansa okha. Mfundo yakuti Germany idzaukira ku Belgium, monganso pa Nkhondo Yadziko I, inatengedwa mopepuka.

Mu 1937, Nduna Yankhondo yaku Britain Leslie Hore-Belisha adayenderanso Maginot Line. M'chaka chomwecho, kusinthana kwa nzeru ku Germany pakati pa likulu la asilikali la France ndi Great Britain kunayamba. Pamene, mu April 1938, Mlembi Hore-Belisha anapita ku France kachiwiri, pamsonkhano ndi General Maurice Gamelin, adamva kuti a British ayenera kutumiza gulu la makina kuti lithandize Belgium, yomwe inalibe zida zake zankhondo.

Kupatula kulengeza zandale zankhondo yolumikizana ndi Germany, kukonzekera mosamala zankhondo sikunayambe mpaka 1938 chifukwa cha Mavuto a Munich. Panthawi yamavuto, General Gamelin adabwera ku London kudzanena kuti dziko la France likukonzekera kuchita zinthu zotsutsana ndi Germany ngati ataukira Czechoslovakia, kuti athetse vuto lachitetezo cha Czechoslovak. M'nyengo yozizira, asilikaliwo ankayenera kuchoka kumbuyo kwa Maginot Line, ndipo m'chaka amapita kukamenyana ndi Italy ngati atatuluka kumbali ya Germany. Gamelin adapempha Great Britain kuti athandizire izi payekha. Lingaliroli linadabwitsa a British, omwe mpaka pano adakhulupirira kuti pamene Germany idzaukira, France idzatseketsa mipanda yolimbayo ndipo sadzachitapo kanthu. Komabe, monga mukudziwa, nkhondo yoteteza Czechoslovakia sinachitike ndipo dongosololi silinakwaniritsidwe. Komabe, zinthu zinafika poipa kwambiri moti anaganiza kuti inali nthawi yoti ayambe kukonzekera ndi kukonzekera mwatsatanetsatane.

Kumapeto kwa 1938, motsogozedwa ndi wotsogolera mapulani a Ofesi Yankhondo, Major General, zokambirana zinayamba pa kukula ndi kapangidwe ka asitikali aku Britain. Leonard A. Howes. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti lingaliro la kutumiza asilikali ku France linali ndi adani ambiri ku Great Britain, choncho kusankha magulu oti atumize ku Continent kunali kovuta. Mu January 1939, kukambitsirana kwa ogwira ntchito kunayambiranso, ulendo uno kukambitsirana kwatsatanetsatane kunali kutayamba kale. Pa 22 February, boma la Britain lidavomereza dongosolo lotumiza magawo asanu okhazikika, gawo la mafoni (gawo lankhondo) ndi magawo anayi ku France. Pambuyo pake, popeza gawo la thanki silinali lokonzekera kuchitapo kanthu, linasinthidwa ndi gawo la 1, ndipo DPAN 10 inayamba kumasula ku France pambuyo pa kuyamba kwa ntchito yogwira pa May 1940, XNUMX.

Sizinali mpaka kumayambiriro kwa 1939 pamene Afalansa adadziwitsa Great Britain zolinga zawo zenizeni zodzitetezera ku Germany komanso momwe adawonera udindo wa a British mu mapulaniwo. Kukambitsirana kotsatira kwa ogwira ntchito ndi mapangano kunachitika kuyambira pa Marichi 29 mpaka Epulo 5, kumapeto kwa Epulo ndi Meyi, ndipo, pomaliza, kuyambira pa Ogasiti 28 mpaka 31, 1939. Kenako adagwirizana kuti ndi madera ati British Expeditionary Force adzafika. Great Britain ili ndi madoko ochokera ku St. Nazaire kupita ku Le Havre.

Asitikali ankhondo aku Britain munthawi yankhondo anali akatswiri kwathunthu, ndi anthu wamba omwe amadzipereka kwa iwo. Komabe, pa May 26, 1939, atapemphedwa ndi Nduna Yoona za Nkhondo ku Hore-Belish, Nyumba Yamalamulo ya ku Britain inapereka lamulo loti amuna azaka zapakati pa 20 ndi 21 aziitanidwa kukaphunzira usilikali kwa miyezi 6. Kenako anasamukira kumalo osungiramo zinthu. Izi zinali chifukwa cha mapulani owonjezera mphamvu zapansi ku magawo a 55, omwe ambiri mwa iwo anali oti akhale magawo a madera, i.e. kukhala ndi osungitsa chitetezo ndi odzipereka pa nthawi yankhondo, omwe adapangidwa ngati atalimbikitsa usilikali. Chifukwa cha izi, zinali zotheka kuyamba kuphunzitsa anthu ophunzitsidwa bwino zankhondo.

Oyambirira omwe adasankhidwa anali asanamalize maphunziro awo pamene, pa 3 September 1939, Britain italowa m'nkhondo, Nyumba Yamalamulo inavomereza lamulo la National Service (Armed Forces) Act 1939, lomwe linapangitsa kuti amuna onse azaka zapakati pa 18 ndi 41 azilowa usilikali. omwe anali okhala ku Great Britain ndi odalira. Komabe, mphamvu zomwe Britain adakwanitsa kuyika ku Continent zinali zochepa poyerekeza ndi asitikali aku France. Poyamba, magulu anayi anasamutsidwira ku France, ndiyeno ena asanu ndi mmodzi anawonjezedwa pofika May 1940. Kuwonjezera apo, mafakitale atsopano asanu ndi limodzi a zida zankhondo anali atatsegulidwa ku Britain pamene nkhondo inayamba.