Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri

Eni magalimoto ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi nkhani yokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri. Pali zifukwa zogwiritsira ntchito mafuta, zina zimachitidwa ndi munthu mwiniyo, ndipo zina zimasonyezedwa chifukwa cha kulephera kwa magawo a unit.

Zifukwa zochulukira mafuta amafuta zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri. Choyamba, vuto lili ndi galimoto - chifukwa chagona pa zovuta zilizonse zamakina. Ndipo chachiwiri, dalaivala amene analakwitsa zina kapena dala analenga zinthu zovuta ntchito galimoto ndi udindo kukula mu mowa mafuta kapena dizilo.

Zolakwitsa za oyendetsa zomwe zimawonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta

Pali zolakwika zingapo zomwe madalaivala osadziwa amachita, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri. Kumbukirani kuti mafuta ochulukirapo kapena dizilo adzagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wozizira kapena dongosolo lowongolera nyengo. Kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizozi kumayenderana ndi ntchito ya kompresa. Zowonadi, kutembenuza pulley ya mpope, mphamvu imafunika, yomwe imatengedwa kuchokera ku crankshaft yozungulira. Ndipo pamafunika mafuta owonjezera.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito makina otenthetsera. Izi sizikugwiranso ntchito pakugwira ntchito kwa "mbaula", komanso kutentha kwa mipando, mazenera ndi magalasi (m'magalimoto kumene zosankhazi zimaperekedwa). Mfundo zomveka apa n’zofanana ndi zimene tafotokozazi.
• Kuthamanga kwakuthwa. Ngati mumakonda kukoka mwamphamvu pamagetsi kapena malo ena, khalani okonzeka chifukwa chakuti galimoto yanu idzadya mafuta ambiri kuposa nthawi zonse. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chilichonse chokhalitsa (pankhaniyi, kuyendetsa galimoto) chimagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi. Ndipo ikamakhala yakuthwa, mphamvu zambiri zimafunika. Choncho, yesani kuyenda bwino. Kotero inu osati kupulumutsa mafuta, komanso kupulumutsa matayala, zowalamulira ndi powertrain zigawo zikuluzikulu.
• Kugwira ntchito kwa injini yoyaka mkati mothamanga kwambiri. Yesetsani kuti musapitirire. Izi sizidzangopulumutsa mafuta a galimoto yanu, komanso zidzakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa ntchito ya injini yoyaka mkati mwathunthu.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta abwino. Yesani kupatsanso mafuta pamalo opangira mafuta otsimikiziridwa ndikudzaza tanki ndi mtundu wamafuta omwe wopanga makinawo amavomereza.Kupatula apo, mafuta oyipa amawotcha kwambiri, amapereka mphamvu zosakwanira komanso amafuna ndalama zina.

palinso zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti galimotoyo idye mafuta ochulukirapo kuposa momwe adanenera. Zonsezi zimagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha zigawo zake ndi machitidwe ake.

Zifukwa zaukadaulo zakuchulukira kwamafuta

Choyamba, tiyeni tithane ndi zovuta zaukadaulo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtunda wa gasi uchuluke. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zimayambitsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi DVSm ndi zinthu zina, chifukwa chomwe kumwa kumawonjezeka.

zifukwa zogwiritsira ntchito mafuta

1 ICE kuvala

Kawirikawiri zimachitika chifukwa cha mtunda wautali wa galimoto kapena ntchito yake yolakwika. Mfundo zina zokhudzana ndi ntchito ya injini yoyaka mkati:

• kutentha kwa choziziritsa kuzizira (kuzizira) kumakhala kotsika kuposa kuwerengeredwa;
• kuvala kwa gulu la silinda-pistoni;
• njira yolumikizira kunja kwa crank;
• kuvala kwa makina ogawa gasi ndi kuloledwa kwa ma valve osasinthika.

2 Clutch kuvala

Chimbale cha clutch

Pamene dalaivala akufunikira kuthamanga kwambiri kuti ayambe kuyenda ndi kupita ku giya yapamwamba, izi zimakhudza mwachindunji kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Pankhaniyi, kusintha clutch kungathandize.

Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zowonjezera mafuta ndi kuvala kwa clutch disc. Zinthu apa ndi zophweka. Poyambira, injini imadya mafuta ambiri kuposa kuthamanga kosalekeza. Mfundo imeneyi ilipo ngakhale ndi clutch yabwino. Ngati diski kapena mbali zina za dongosololi ndi zolakwika, ndiye kuti mafuta amatha, ndipo makinawo amaima. Galimotoyo ikanyamuka nthawi zambiri, mafuta amawononga kwambiri.

Pazovuta kwambiri, zofanana zimatha kuchitika ngakhale mukamayendetsa mokhazikika. Ndiko kuti, pamene chimbale zowalamulira sapereka kasinthasintha synchronous wa injini kuyaka mkati ndi gearbox. Izi, ngakhale kuti ndizosowa, zimatha kuchitika muzochitika "zonyalanyazidwa".

Kuzindikira kuvala kwa clutch ndikosavuta. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera kuika galimoto pa handbrake, kuyatsa giya chachisanu kapena chachinayi (malingana ndi gearbox, ndiye wapamwamba kwambiri) ndi kuyesa kusuntha. Ngati panthawi imodzimodziyo simunazimitse injini ndi gasi, izi zikutanthauza kuti clutch iyenera kukonzedwa kapena kusinthidwa kwathunthu.

3 zoyatsira zosinthidwa molakwika

Kuyatsa

Kuwotcha molakwika ndikonso kumapangitsa kuti mafuta achuluke. ndicho, ngati injini kuyaka mkati "troits", ndiye petulo kuchokera yamphamvu wopanda pake kuponyedwa mwachindunji mu dongosolo utsi. Izi sizimangopangitsa kuti mafuta azigwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso, komanso kuti awonongeke kwambiri.

Ngati kuyatsa kumangoyikidwa molakwika, ndiye kuti zinthu zimachitika pamene mafuta sakupsa kwathunthu. Ndiye kuti, spark imawonekera mafuta osakaniza asanayambe kuwonekera mu silinda yonse, kapena pambuyo pake. Chilichonse chomwe chinali, chimatsogolera ku kuyaka kwake kosakwanira. Ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti mafuta awonongeka.

Chifukwa chake, nthawi zonse muziyang'anira momwe zida zoyatsira zimayendera. Kuchuluka kwamafuta omwe amadyedwa mwachindunji kumadalira izi. Kuphatikiza apo, makina oyatsira opangidwa molakwika amatha kuyambitsa zovuta mukayambitsa injini yoyaka mkati.

4 Mtengo wa shin

 

Kuvala matayala agalimoto kumakhudza osati mafuta okha, komanso kusamalira. Onetsetsani kuya kwa matayala.

Ngati matayala atha mokwanira kapena kupanikizika mkati mwawo kumakhala kochepa, ndiye kuti izi zidzachititsanso kuti galimotoyo iyambe "kudya" kuposa momwe iyenera kukhalira.

Zikatero, muyenera kusintha matayala, ndikuyang'ana kuthamanga kwa tayala nthawi zonse.

Matayala otsika kwambiri okhala ndi mapondedwe ambiri amapanga kukana kowonjezereka, motero, kuchuluka kwamafuta.

5 kuwonongeka kwa ma brake system

Iwo ndi osiyana, ganizirani zomwe zimachititsa kuti ma calipers asamawonongeke pamene zomwe zimatchedwa "kukwatira" zimachitika. Ngati caliper sichimachotsedwa kwathunthu, ndiye pakapita nthawi, osati ma brake pads okha, komanso ma discs amakhala osagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa cha kukangana kwakukulu ndi kukana, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kumawonjezeka mwachibadwa.

6 Ma spark plugs analephera

 

Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira momwe ma spark plugs alili.

Makandulo omwe ali ndi nthawi yotha amaika katundu wowonjezera pa injini yoyaka mkati. Izi zimapangitsa osati kuti injini kuyaka mkati sagwira ntchito moyenera ndipo pali mafuta ambiri, komanso kuwonongeka ambiri ntchito. kuti mupewe, muyenera kuyang'ana makandulo.

Cheke yotereyi imaphatikizapo kufufuza mtundu wa soti, kuyeza kusiyana kwa electrode, kuyang'ana chotsutsa kuti chiwonongeke. m'pofunikanso kutchera khutu pa mphambano ya insulator woyera kwa ulusi gawo la kandulo - ❖ kuyanika wofiira ndi zosavomerezeka. Musaiwale za gwero

7 Majekeseni otsekedwa kapena carburetor

 

Kupezeka kwamafuta kumasilinda a ICE ndikugwiritsa ntchito kumadalira momwe zida zamafuta zilili.

Majekeseni otsekeka ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimakonda kuwononga mafuta ambiri. Amatsekeka chifukwa cha zinthu zachilengedwe. Izi ndizo kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta otsika kwambiri, kusinthidwa mwadzidzidzi kwa fyuluta yamafuta, kulowetsa dothi mu chipinda cha injini, ndi zina zotero.

Ndi ma nozzles otsekedwa, kuphwanya mawonekedwe a jet yopopera mafuta m'chipinda choyatsira moto kumawonekera. Chifukwa cha izi, mapangidwe a mafuta osakaniza amasokonezeka. Ndiye kuti, mafuta ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita izi kuposa momwe amafunikira nthawi zonse.

Nthawi zina, chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa majekeseni, injini yoyaka mkati imatha kuyamba "kuthamanga". Izi zikusonyezedwa mu kuchepa kwamphamvu makhalidwe a galimoto. ndizothekanso kuti injini yoyaka mkati igwire ntchito mothamanga kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali, ngakhale munjira yopanda pake. Izi zokha zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta.

Kulingalira kofananako ndikoyenera pamagalimoto okhala ndi carburetor ICE. Pamene carburetor yatsekedwa, zomwezo zimawonekera ndi kumwa kwambiri mafuta a petulo komanso kutsika kwachangu.

Choncho, nthawi zonse kuyang'ana mkhalidwe wa dongosolo mafuta, ndicho injectors pa injini jekeseni ndi carburetor pa carburetor. Kutsekeka kwawo ndi chifukwa chachindunji cha kugwiritsira ntchito mafuta mopitirira muyeso.

Mafuta a octane otsika amakhalanso ndi zotsatira zabwino pakugwiritsa ntchito (pamtengo wotsika komanso wosauka, amabwera ku kuchuluka kwake).

8 Kuwonongeka kwa kafukufuku wa lambda kapena DMRV

Kulephera kwa sensa ya oxygen (lambda probe) kungayambitsenso kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwamafuta. Ntchito yake ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe umalowa mumafuta osakaniza. Chifukwa chake, ngati sensa iyi ili yolakwika, kusakaniza sikungapangidwe moyenera, ndipo izi zipangitsa kuti pakhale mafuta ochulukirapo.

Kafukufuku wa lambda ndi wofooka kwambiri. Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingalephereke. Mwa iwo:

• depressurization ya thupi lake ndi kulowa mu mpweya wake utsi;
• kutenthedwa kwa sensa (izi zikhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha ntchito yolakwika ya dongosolo loyatsira);
• ukalamba wachilengedwe ndi kuvala;
• mavuto ndi maukonde magetsi galimoto;
• kuwonongeka kwa makina kwa sensa.

Kulingalira kofananako kulinso koyenera pokhudzana ndi sensa yamagetsi yamagetsi (DMRV). Amapangidwa kuti aziwongolera kuchuluka kwa mpweya ku ma silinda a injini zoyatsira mkati. kulephera kwa sensa ndikosavuta kuzindikira. Nthawi zambiri, panthawi imodzimodziyo, injini yoyaka mkati imayamba kugwira ntchito mosakhazikika, makamaka pakuchita (kuthamanga kwambiri kapena kutsika "kudumpha"), kutaya makhalidwe amphamvu (galimoto imathamanga bwino). Sensa yothamanga kwambiri ya mpweya ndiyotheka kukonzedwa. Itha kusinthidwa, ngakhale kuyeretsa kungathetsere vutoli kwakanthawi.

9 Fyuluta ya mpweya yotsekeka

 

Chosefera choyera chokha ndi chomwe chingatsimikizire kupangidwa kwamafuta osakaniza a mpweya wabwino.

Nthawi yovomerezeka yosinthira ndi 15,000 km iliyonse. Kusintha kwanthawi yake kwa fyuluta ya mpweya kumafunika, chifukwa ngati yatsekedwa ndipo simunayimvere, konzekerani kuti galimoto ikhale ndi njala yabwino.

Kuthamanga kwachangu kumakhudzidwanso ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosefera mpweya zokhala ndi nsalu zolemetsa zotsuka zisanachitike, popeza, monga ndi fyuluta yotsekeka, kukana kwa mpweya kumawonjezeka. Zosefera zopepuka zimalimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse kukana kwa mpweya.

10 Njira yoyendetsera galimoto

 

Kuchulukirachulukira komanso kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kumathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri

Ngati muyendetsa galimoto ndi kusintha kwakukulu - imathandizira kwambiri ndikuphwanya kwambiri - ndithudi, mafuta a galimoto adzawonjezeka kwambiri. ndiyeneranso kukumbukira za kukonza ndi kusinthidwa kachitidwe ka aerodynamic; zonse zimawononga ndalama, kuphatikiza zomwe ziyenera kulipidwa mowonjezera pamalo opangira mafuta.

11 Kuyatsa kwanthawi zonse ogula magetsi

Ntchito ya air conditioner imakhudzidwa makamaka - pamene "air conditioner" yayatsidwa, galimoto imayamba kuwononga mafuta ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pafupifupi 100 Km aliyense amafuna malita 0,8 mafuta, choncho yesetsani kugwiritsa ntchito air conditioner pokhapokha pakufunika. imakhudzanso kugwiritsira ntchito mafuta a ntchito yokhazikika ya nyali.

Nthawi zambiri, khalidwe la muvi wosonyeza mafuta limayamba kuvutitsa m'nyengo yozizira, pamene ogula magetsi ambiri amakhudzidwa, komanso zinthu zomwe zimayendetsa galimoto zomwe madalaivala a novice nthawi zambiri samamvetsera. Izi zikuphatikizapo chitofu, zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zotenthetsera (mipando yotenthetsera, mazenera, magalasi, zoyambira, etc.).

12 Kuchuluka kwagalimoto

Galimoto ikadzaza mpaka malire, mwachitsanzo, anthu asanu ndi awiri amakhala pansi pamipando ya 5, ndipo palinso katundu wina wabwino mu thunthu, ndiye mwachilengedwe mafuta ochulukirapo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusuntha galimotoyo. 100 kg iliyonse ya katundu imatanthauza kuwonjezeka kwa pafupifupi 10%.

Danga lopanda kanthu limapangitsa kuti anthu azidya ndi 5%, ndipo yodzaza ndi 40%. Kalavani kumbuyo kumawonjezera chizindikiro chachisoni ndi 60%.

13 Kuyendetsa ndi injini yozizira

Pali lingaliro kuti mutha kupulumutsa mafuta ngati mutenthetsa injini bwino musanayendetse. Ndi zoona pang'ono. Inde, injini yoyatsira yotentha mkati imadya mafuta ochepa. Izi ndichifukwa choti mphamvu zina zotentha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwotcha nyumba ndi zida zamagalimoto. Komabe, izi zimachitika poyambira. Chifukwa chake, gawo laling'ono la petulo limagwiritsidwa ntchito, kunena pang'ono, pazinthu zina. Ndipo pamene injini yoyaka mkati yatenthedwa kale, mphamvu yotentha imapita ndendende ku ntchito ya injini yokha.

Komabe, njira imeneyi yosungira mafuta ndi yokayikitsa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti palibe mafuta ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsa injini yoyaka mkati. Ndipo popeza kuti mafuta ena amafunikiranso pakuwotha, zikuwoneka kuti kupulumutsa ndi njira iyi sikuli koyenera.

Choyenera kuganiziridwa mumtsemphawu ndikuti injini yoyaka mkati yopanda kutentha imatulutsa zinthu zowopsa kwambiri mumlengalenga. Ena opanga magalimoto akumadzulo amalemba za izi m'mabuku a magalimoto awo. Choncho, ndi bwino kutentha galimoto osati mu garaja, koma mu mpweya wabwino.

Zomwe zimachititsa kuti mafuta azigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa dizilo

Tsopano ganizirani zomwe zimachititsa kuti mafuta azigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa injini zoyatsira mkati za dizilo. Popanda kukhudza onse (mwachitsanzo, matayala akuphwanyika, kunyamula katundu wolemera, kuyendetsa mphepo yamkuntho yamphamvu), timalemba zokhazokha zomwe zimagwirizana ndi injini ya dizilo.

1. Mafuta otsekedwa ndi/kapena zosefera mpweya. Ichi ndi chifukwa chofala cha mafuta ochulukirapo. Chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa zosefera, kutsekeka kwa ma jekeseni amafuta kumachitikanso. Ndipo izi zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa pampu ya jekeseni.
2. Kusagwirizana kwamafuta a injini. Kwa injini ya dizilo, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta omwe amalangizidwa ndi wopanga.
3. Kuponderezana kwachepetsedwa. Ikhoza kusokera ndi kuvala kwa gulu la pisitoni, ndipo izi zimangopangitsa kuti injini yoyaka moto ichuluke.
4. Kulephera pang'ono kwa masensa. Ngati pazifukwa zina masensa amapereka chidziwitso cholakwika pa kompyuta, ndiye, motero, chipangizocho chidzapanga malamulo olakwika.
5. Mavuto a ECU. Vutoli silofala, koma likhoza kuchitika. Chifukwa cha izi, pakhoza kukhala kulephera kwa pulogalamu kapena zina zomwe zimatchedwa "glitches".

Monga mukuonera, kusweka kumakhala kofanana. Chifukwa chake, kuti mupewe kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochulukirapo, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira momwe ma node omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa amathandizira.

Mitundu yama injini oyatsira mkati ndi zomwe zimachititsa kuti mafuta azigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri

Tikupatsirani tebulo momwe timakonzera zifukwa zogwiritsira ntchito mafuta ambiri amitundu yosiyanasiyana yama injini oyatsira mkati.

Zifukwa za kugwiritsira ntchito mafuta ambiri, zomwe zimagwirizana nazo	Mitundu ya ICE
	Injini ya dizeli	Carburetor	Jekeseni
Kuvala kwa ICE
Kuvala Clutch
kuyatsa kosinthidwa molakwika
Kuvala matayala
Kuthamanga kwa matayala ofooka
kuwonongeka kwa ma brake system
Mapulagi opunduka
Ma buluu otseka
carburetor wotsekedwa
Kuwonongeka kwa kafukufuku wa lambda kapena DMRV
Fyuluta yotsekeka ya mpweya
Zosefera mafuta otsekeka
Kuphatikizapo ogula mphamvu
Katundu wamagalimoto ambiri
Kuyendetsa ndi injini yoyaka yamkati yopanda kutentha

Kuphatikizidwa

Choncho, mutatha kusanthula zonsezi, n'zosavuta kuti mutsirize ndipo osachepera kudziwa chifukwa chomwe galimoto inayake inayamba mwadzidzidzi kudya mafuta ambiri. nthawi zina ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kuwonongeka kwakukulu, ndipo nthawi zina kumangokhala kusaganizira za iye mwini muzochita zawo. Choncho, musanayambe kuchita mantha, ndi bwino kuyesa mosamala zomwe zingayambitse chikoka.