Mwachilengedwe aspirated kapena turbo? Kodi injini yolakalaka mwachilengedwe ndi chiyani, imayendetsedwa bwanji, ndipo imasiyana bwanji ndi injini ya turbocharged?

Injini ndi galimoto momwe mtima ulili kwa munthu. Imalamulira pafupifupi machitidwe ena onse, koma panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, mofanana ndi mtima, imafunikira mphamvu. Kodi anazitenga kuti?

Chabwino, luso lamakono labwera ndi njira zingapo zosungira injini. Zosankha ziwiri zomwe mosakayikira zili pakati pa zotchuka kwambiri ndi mitundu yolakalaka mwachilengedwe komanso ma turbo. Izi ndi mitundu ya injini zomwe tikuwona m'nkhaniyi.

Werengani kuti mudziwe, mwa zina, chomwe chimapangitsa aliyense wa iwo kukhala osiyana ndi chiyani? Ndi iti yomwe ili yabwino pakuchita? Kodi mumakwera bwanji aliyense wa iwo?

Mainjini ofunidwa mwachilengedwe poyerekeza ndi masiku ano

Zomwe zikuchitika pamsika sizikugwirizana ndi kupanga injini zomwe zimapanga mphamvu mwachikhalidwe. Mabungwe aboma nthawi zonse amalimbitsa malire otulutsa mpweya, zomwe zimawonjezera kufunika kwa magalimoto omwe sagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa.

Zikatero, n'zovuta kulingalira mitundu yotsatira ya injini V8 ndi mphamvu yaikulu kuposa dziwe Olympic.

Apanso, opanga akuchulukirachulukira amapangidwa ndi turbocharged ngati injini yamtunduwu imawalola kuwongolera kuyendetsa bwino kwagalimoto popanda kupereka ntchito. Komabe, ena amatcha izi ngati kukulitsa mphamvu "kwakale".

Kodi izi zilidi choncho?

Kuti tiyankhe funsoli, choyamba tiyenera kumveketsa bwino injini mwachibadwa aspirated ndi turbo injini? Werengani ndikupeza.

Kodi injini yolakalaka mwachilengedwe ndi yotani?

Mercedes Benz mwachibadwa aspirated injini (dizilo). Chithunzi: Diolevsky / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0

Musanadziwe yankho, muyenera kudziwa kuti injini iliyonse yoyaka mkati imakoka mpweya wozungulira. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa popanda mpweya, mafuta sangayaka, zomwe zidzachititsa kuti injiniyo ikhale yopanda mphamvu.

Ndipo lamulo lalikulu ndiloti mpweya wochuluka umalowa mkati, mphamvu zambiri - ndithudi, malinga ngati tasonkhanitsa midadada yomweyo.

Tikamalankhula za injini yolakalaka mwachilengedwe, tikutanthauza njira yomwe mpweya umalowa mu injini mwachilengedwe (ndiko kuti, chifukwa cha kusiyana kwapakati pakati pa chilengedwe ndi chipinda choyaka). Ndi yosavuta yachikhalidwe kuyaka injini.

Pakadali pano, mutha kuzipeza pamagalimoto amafuta okha ndipo ndizosowa. Injini za dizilo zasintha kale ku turbocharging pazifukwa za chilengedwe, zomwe tidalemba pamwambapa.

Kodi turbo engine ndi chiyani?

Mosiyana ndi m'mbuyo mwake, injini ya turbo imapopera mpweya m'chipinda choyaka. Imachita izi ndi turbocharger.

Ma turbines ang'onoang'ono amapanga mphamvu yopatsa mphamvu, yomwe imapatsa injini mpweya wambiri, womwe nthawi yomweyo umakhala ndi kuthamanga kwambiri kuposa kuthamanga kwa mlengalenga. Chotsatira chake ndi "kuphulika" kwamphamvu kwamafuta mu chipinda choyaka moto, zomwe zimapangitsa mphamvu yamphamvu kwambiri.

Komabe, monga mudzapeza posachedwa, uku sikusiyana kokha pakati pa injini ziwirizi.

Mwachilengedwe aspirated ndi dizilo - kuyerekeza

Pansipa mupeza kufananitsa mbali zofunika kwambiri za injini iliyonse. Kuti tikupatseni chithunzi cholondola cha momwe zinthu zilili, timayang'ana pakugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, kuthamanga, zovuta komanso, ndithudi, mphamvu.

Ndiye tiyambira pati?

Mwachilengedwe aspirated kapena turbo? Chidzakhala bwino ndi chiyani?

Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta

Ford Falcon turbo injini. Chithunzi ndi: dave_7 / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY 2.0

Malinga ndi malingaliro a anthu wamba, turbocharging imawonjezera kufunikira kwa injini yamafuta. Izi ndi Zow.

Komabe, pali wina "koma".

Tiyeni tifotokoze izi ndi chitsanzo cha injini ziwiri: 2-lita mwachibadwa aspirated injini ndi 1,5-lita Turbo injini. Chifukwa cha turbocharging yachiwiri, zonse zimapanga mphamvu zomwezo, koma injini yachilengedwe imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, choncho imagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri.

Zachidziwikire, tikayerekeza injini ziwiri zofanana, mtundu wa turbo ungakhale wanjala kwambiri. Komabe, chifukwa chakuti imatha kutulutsa mphamvu yomweyo kuchokera ku injini yaying'ono, imakhala yotsika mtengo.

Mwachidule: mtundu womwe umafunidwa mwachilengedwe umadya mafuta ochepa a injini yofanana. Komabe, mphamvu ya injini ikaganiziridwa, mtundu wa turbocharged umapereka magwiridwe antchito omwewo mwachangu kwambiri.

mathamangitsidwe

Mukudziwa kale kuti injini ya Turbo ndi yamphamvu kwambiri, koma overclocking ndi chidendene chake Achilles. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa ma injini amtunduwu amatenga nthawi kuti turbocharger ipangike mphamvu.

Mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi, ndipo monga mukudziwa, palibe ambiri a iwo poyambitsa injini. Komabe, ukadaulo wamakono ukugwira ntchito kale kuti athetse kuperewera kwa overclocking.

Titanena izi, tikuwona kuti turbocharging siili yoyipa kuposa mtundu womwe umafunidwa mwachilengedwe. Zofooka poyambitsa injini zimapangidwira mwamsanga ndi mphamvu zambiri.

Ponena za mtundu wolakalaka mwachilengedwe, palibe kuchedwa. Injini imadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kokhazikika kwa mphamvu. Ili ndi torque yayikulu pa low rpm komanso mphamvu yayikulu pa rpm yayikulu popanda kutsetsereka.

Kuvuta

Lingaliro losavuta ndiloti tsatanetsatane wochuluka wa chinthu, m'pamenenso chimalephera. Zimangochitika kuti turbocharging ndi chowonjezera cha injini yokhazikika mwachilengedwe. Mwa zina, zimawonjezera ku dongosolo lakale:

• zambiri zolumikizana,
• intercooler,
• vacuum hose kapena
• chiwerengero chachikulu cha ma hydraulic installs.

Izi zimawonjezera mwayi wokana. Ngakhale gawo limodzi lowonongeka lingayambitse mavuto a dongosolo lonse.

Popeza injini ya supercharged nthawi zambiri imakhala yophweka, imakhala ndi chiwerengero chochepa cholephera ndipo chifukwa chake imatsika mtengo wokonza (nthawi zambiri).

Injini yolakalaka mwachilengedwe (7 l). Chithunzi Mtyson84 / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0

Mok

Siziyenera kudabwitsa aliyense kuti turbocharging ilipo kuonjezera mphamvu ya injini. Dzina lenilenilo limasonyeza zimenezi. Ukadaulowu umapanga mphamvu zambiri kuchokera kumainjini ang'onoang'ono, kotero umaposa mitundu yachikale yacharged m'derali.

Komabe, mosiyana ndi maonekedwe, omalizirawa amatetezedwabe.

Chifukwa cha mayankho atsopano aukadaulo, ma injini olakalaka mwachilengedwe amachulukitsa torque, koma zotsatira zake zimakhala zoyipa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ma turbocharger. Mwina posachedwapa tidzaona zopambana m'dera limeneli?

Pakadali pano, turbo imapambana bwino mphamvu.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito injini yofuna mwachilengedwe? Kodi amayendetsa bwino?

Vuto lina mumpikisano wolakalaka mwachilengedwe vs. turbo ndikuyendetsa ndi kusangalala nazo. Kodi pali kusiyana kwakukulu apa?

Inde. Talemba kale za iwo za overclocking.

Popeza ma injini omwe amafunidwa mwachilengedwe amakhala ndi njira yosinthira mphamvu, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo (makamaka poyambira) ndikosavuta. Komanso, ndi bwino kudzifunsa, chifukwa chiyani mukufunikira turbo? Ngati mumayendetsa makamaka m'misewu yamzindawu, simufunikanso "kukankha" pa chilichonse.

Kuphatikiza apo, kwa ena, chisangalalo choyendetsa ndi injini yofunidwa mwachilengedwe sichingafanane (V6 yamphamvu kapena V8 ingakusangalatseni). Makamaka popeza mphamvu zambiri pa rpms m'munsi zimakhala bwino kwambiri pankhani yokoka kapena "kukula" ndi injini.

Kutulutsa kumamvekanso ngati "minofu" apa.

Kumbali ina, injini yaying'ono ya turbo ndiyopepuka ndipo sitenga malo ambiri, yomwe imatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pakuwongolera.

Injini ya Turbo

Magalimoto okhala ndi injini yolakalaka mwachilengedwe - zabwino ndi zoyipa

Mukudziwa kale kusiyana pakati pa injini yolakalaka mwachilengedwe ndi injini ya turbo. Ndi nthawi yoti mutengepo za ubwino ndi kuipa kwake poyerekeza ndi mpikisano.

Injini yolakalaka mwachilengedwe - zabwino zake:

• Palibe kuchedwa (turbo lag phenomenon);
• Kupeza mphamvu kokhazikika;
• Kawirikawiri mapangidwe osavuta, omwe nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha zolephera ndi kukonza ndalama;
• Palibe chifukwa choziziritsira turbine pambuyo poyenda mwamphamvu.

Injini yolakalaka mwachilengedwe - kuipa kwake:

• Simakanikiza pampando molimba ngati injini ya turbocharged (koma pali injini zazikulu zomwe mwachibadwa zimafuna kuti zitheke);
• Chifukwa cha zoletsa zanyengo, inshuwaransi ndi yokwera mtengo (makamaka ndi mphamvu yayikulu);
• Mwachidziwitso kuchepa kwachangu (kuchuluka kwamafuta).

Kodi injini yofunidwa mwachilengedwe ndi chinthu chakale?

Kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi, tidakambirana za njira zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira zotulutsa mpweya. Ndizifukwa zomwe injini zamagalimoto zamagalimoto zimachotsedwa m'malo mwa magalimoto.

Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mfundo yakuti mitundu yambiri yotchuka yasiya kale. Kaya tikukamba za magalimoto opangidwira aliyense (monga BMW, Mercedes kapena Alfa Romeo) kapena magalimoto apamwamba (monga Rolls-Royce, Maserati, Bentley), ambiri aiwo sapanganso injini zongofuna mwachibadwa.

Mukapita ku malo ogulitsa magalimoto lero, musadabwe kuti galimoto yamphamvu ya banja ili ndi injini ya 1,5-lita, koma ndi ma turbocharger awiri.

Mwachilengedwe injini ya Saab yofuna. Chithunzi ndi: Bambo. Choppers / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0

Ngati mupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito injini yolakalaka mwachilengedwe, mukumana ndi vuto lenileni. Tiyenera kufufuza pakati pa mitundu yochepa yaku Korea kapena Japan (Toyota, Mazda, Lexus). Kuphatikiza apo, pakhoza kukhala mitundu ina ya Ford (Mustang), Lamborghini kapena Porsche ...

... Koma, monga mukuwonera, awa ndi ma supercars ambiri.

Njira yokhayo yabwino pankhaniyi ndikufunsira magalimoto akale, ogwiritsidwa ntchito. Komabe, vuto apa ndikuti sizingafanane ndi mawonekedwe amitundu yatsopano.

Injini yolakalaka mwachilengedwe kapena injini ya turbo? Chabwino nchiyani?

Ndipotu, zili kwa dalaivala aliyense kusankha. M'misika yamakono, ndizosavuta kuwona chifukwa chake turbo ikutsogolera mpikisanowu. Injini zamtundu uwu ndizothandiza kwambiri (mwinamwake), zimapatsa mphamvu zambiri, komanso, sizikutsutsana ndi mafashoni amakono pazachilengedwe.

Zachidziwikire, onse ali ndi zabwino ndi zoyipa zawo, koma turbocharging ndiye yankho lamtsogolo.

Komabe, kwa okonda miyambo, magetsi mumsewu sanazime. Makampani ena (monga Mazda kapena Aston Martin) sakusiya injini zomwe zimafunidwa mwachilengedwe ndipo akugwira ntchito mosalekeza paukadaulo womwe ungapikisane ndi turbocharging.