Magalimoto okhala ndi injini yozungulira - ubwino wawo ndi chiyani?
Zamkatimu
Kawirikawiri "mtima" wa makinawo ndi cylinder-piston system, ndiko kuti, pogwiritsa ntchito kubwereza, koma pali njira ina - magalimoto ozungulira.
Magalimoto okhala ndi injini yozungulira - kusiyana kwakukulu
Chovuta chachikulu pakugwira ntchito kwa injini zoyatsira mkati zokhala ndi ma silinda akale ndi kutembenuka kwa pistoni kukhala torque, popanda mawilo osazungulira.. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, kuyambira pomwe injini yoyaka moto idapangidwa, asayansi ndi makina odziphunzitsa okha adadabwa momwe angapangire injini yokhala ndi zida zozungulira zokha. Katswiri waku Germany nugget Wankel adachita izi.
Zojambula zoyamba zidapangidwa ndi iye mu 1927, atamaliza maphunziro ake kusekondale. M'tsogolomu, makaniko adagula kanyumba kakang'ono ndipo adagwirizana ndi lingaliro lake. Chotsatira cha zaka zambiri za ntchito chinali chitsanzo cha ntchito ya injini yoyaka mkati yozungulira, yopangidwa pamodzi ndi injiniya Walter Freude. Makinawa anali ofanana ndi injini yamagetsi, ndiye kuti, idakhazikitsidwa pamtengo wokhala ndi rotor ya trihedral, yofanana kwambiri ndi makona atatu a Reuleaux, omwe adatsekeredwa muchipinda chowoneka ngati chowulungika. Ngodya zake zimakhazikika pamakoma, ndikupanga kulumikizana kosunthika nawo.
Mtsempha wa stator (mlandu) umagawidwa ndi pachimake mu chiwerengero cha zipinda zogwirizana ndi chiwerengero cha mbali zake, ndipo mizere itatu ikuluikulu ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pakusintha kumodzi kwa rotor: jekeseni wamafuta, kuyatsa, kutulutsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Ndipotu, pali 5 mwa iwo, koma awiri apakatikati, kuponderezana kwamafuta ndi kuwonjezereka kwa gasi, akhoza kunyalanyazidwa. Pakuzungulira kumodzi kwathunthu, kusinthika kwa 3 kwa shaft kumachitika, ndipo popeza kuti ma rotor awiri nthawi zambiri amayikidwa mu antiphase, magalimoto okhala ndi injini yozungulira amakhala ndi mphamvu zochulukirapo katatu kuposa machitidwe apamwamba a silinda-pistoni.
Kodi injini ya dizilo ya rotary imatchuka bwanji?
Magalimoto oyamba omwe adayikidwa "Wankel ICE" anali magalimoto a NSU Spider a 1964, okhala ndi mphamvu ya 54 hp, yomwe idapangitsa kuti ipititse patsogolo magalimoto mpaka 150 km / h. Kuphatikiza apo, mu 1967, mtundu wa benchi wa NSU Ro-80 sedan unapangidwa, wokongola komanso wokongola, wokhala ndi hood yopapatiza komanso thunthu lalitali pang'ono. Izo sizinalowe mu kupanga zochuluka. Komabe, galimoto iyi ndi imene inachititsa makampani ambiri kugula ziphatso kwa injini rotary dizilo. Izi zikuphatikizapo Toyota, Citroen, GM, Mazda. Palibe paliponse pomwe zachilendo zidachitika. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa chake chinali zophophonya zake zazikulu.
Chipinda chopangidwa ndi makoma a stator ndi rotor chimaposa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa silinda yachikale, kusakaniza kwamafuta-mpweya sikufanana.. Chifukwa cha izi, ngakhale pogwiritsa ntchito kutulutsa kofanana kwa makandulo awiri, kuyaka kwathunthu kwamafuta sikumatsimikiziridwa. Zotsatira zake, injini yoyaka moto yamkati ndiyopanda chuma komanso si yachilengedwe. Ndicho chifukwa chake, pamene vuto la mafuta linayambika, NSU, yomwe inapanga ndalama pa injini zozungulira, inakakamizika kuti igwirizane ndi Volkswagen, kumene Wankels osadziwika anasiyidwa.
Mercedes-Benz anatulutsa magalimoto awiri okha ndi rotor - C111 woyamba (280 HP, 257.5 Km / h, 100 Km / h mu masekondi 5) ndi chachiwiri (350 HP, 300 Km / h, 100 Km / h kwa 4.8 sec) mibadwo. Chevrolet adatulutsanso magalimoto awiri a Corvette, okhala ndi magawo awiri a injini ya 266 hp. ndi magawo anayi a 390 hp, koma zonse zinali zochepa pazowonetsera zawo. Kwa zaka 2, kuyambira mu 1974, Citroen anatulutsa magalimoto 874 "Citroen GS Birotor" ndi mphamvu ya 107 hp kuchokera pamzere wa msonkhano, ndiye adakumbukiridwa kuti athetsedwe, koma pafupifupi 200 anakhalabe ndi oyendetsa. Kotero, pali mwayi wokumana nawo lero m'misewu ya Germany, Denmark kapena Switzerland, pokhapokha, eni ake anapatsidwa kukonzanso kwakukulu kwa injini yozungulira.
Mazda anatha kukhazikitsa kupanga khola kwambiri, kuyambira 1967 mpaka 1972 1519 Cosmo magalimoto opangidwa, ophatikizidwa mu mndandanda wa magalimoto 343 ndi 1176. Nthawi yomweyo, coupe ya Luce R130 idapangidwa mochuluka. Wankels anayamba kuikidwa pa zitsanzo zonse "Mazda" popanda kupatulapo kuyambira 1970, kuphatikizapo Parkway Rotary 26 basi, amene akufotokozera liwiro la 120 Km / h ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 2835. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kupanga injini rotary anayamba mu USSR, koma popanda chilolezo, choncho, iwo anabwera ndi maganizo awo pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha disassembled Wankel ndi NSU Ro-80.
Kukula kunachitika pa chomera cha VAZ. Mu 1976, injini ya VAZ-311 idasinthidwa bwino, ndipo patatha zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, mtundu wa VAZ-21018 wokhala ndi 70 hp rotor unayamba kupangidwa. Zowona, posakhalitsa pisitoni yoyaka mkati mwa injini yamoto idayikidwa pagulu lonselo, popeza "wankel" yonse idasweka panthawi yolowera, ndipo idafunikira injini yosinthira. Kuyambira 1983, "Vaz-411" ndi "VAZ-413" za 120 ndi 140 hp zinayamba kugubuduza pa mzere wa msonkhano. motsatana. Anali ndi zida za apolisi apamsewu, Unduna wa Zam'kati ndi wa KGB. Rotor tsopano imayendetsedwa ndi Mazda okha.
Kodi ndizotheka kukonza injini yozungulira ndi manja anu?
Ndizovuta kuchita chilichonse nokha ndi Wankel ICE. Chochita chofikirika kwambiri ndikusintha makandulo. Pazitsanzo zoyamba, zidakwezedwa mwachindunji mumtengo wokhazikika, womwe siwongozungulira wozungulira, komanso thupi lokha. Pambuyo pake, m'malo mwake, stator idapangidwa kuti ikhale yosasunthika poyika makandulo 2 pakhoma lake moyang'anizana ndi jekeseni wamafuta ndi ma valve otulutsa. Ntchito ina iliyonse yokonza, ngati mumazolowera injini zoyatsira zamkati za piston, ndizosatheka.
Mu injini ya Wankel, pali magawo 40% ocheperapo kuposa muyeso wa ICE, womwe umagwira ntchito pa CPG (gulu la cylinder-piston).
Zingwe zonyamula shaft zimasinthidwa ngati mkuwa umayamba kuwonekera, chifukwa cha izi timachotsa zida, m'malo mwake ndikusindikizanso magiya. Kenako timayendera zisindikizozo ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, tisinthenso. Mukakonza injini yozungulira ndi manja anu, samalani pochotsa ndikuyika akasupe a mphete zamafuta, zakutsogolo ndi zakumbuyo zimasiyana mawonekedwe. Ma mbale omalizira amasinthidwanso ngati kuli kofunikira, ndipo ayenera kuikidwa molingana ndi zilembo.
Zisindikizo zamakona zimayikidwa kumbali yakutsogolo kwa rotor, ndikofunikira kuziyika pamafuta obiriwira a Castrol kuti muwakonzere panthawi yosonkhanitsa makinawo. Pambuyo kukhazikitsa shaft, zisindikizo zapakona zakumbuyo zimayikidwa. Mukayika ma gaskets pa stator, muzipaka mafuta ndi sealant. Apexes okhala ndi akasupe amalowetsedwa mu zisindikizo zamakona pambuyo poti rotor itayikidwa mu nyumba ya stator. Pomaliza, ma gaskets akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo amathiridwa mafuta ndi sealant asanamange zophimba.
