Zodzikongoletsera zamagalimoto kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo

Chotsitsa chododometsa ndi chipangizo chochepetsetsa chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'galimoto kuti chizitha kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka, kuchepetsa kugwedezeka, ndi zina zotero. Kuphatikiza apo, chotsitsa chododometsa (galimoto strut) chimakulolani kukanikiza gudumu pamsewu pamene mukuyendetsa mwamantha, motero kupititsa patsogolo kayendedwe kake. , kukonza bwino mabuleki, kukhazikika kwagalimoto, ndi zina.

Masiku ano, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ya zodzikongoletsera, zomwe zimasiyana osati pa olamulira omwe amapumira (zolowera kutsogolo kapena zowonongeka kumbuyo), komanso kupanga.

Chotsatira, tiwona chomwe chotsitsa chododometsa ndi mtundu wanji wa chipangizo chowombera galimoto. Chifukwa chake, mkati mwachindunji cha nkhaniyi, zikugogomezera padera zomwe zimachititsa mantha pamagalimoto, mitundu ya ma struts, momwe amasiyanirana, komanso ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya struts, etc.

Zodzikongoletsera zamagalimoto kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo: zomwe muyenera kudziwa

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mfundo yakuti lero pali mitundu ingapo ya ma shock absorbers a magalimoto. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti pali kusiyana kwapangidwe pakati pawo ndipo kumasiyana pang'ono pakuchita bwino ndi ntchito. Tiyeni tiganizire.

• Choyamba, cholinga cha ma shock absorbers ndi kuchepetsa kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka komwe kumatumizidwa ku thupi pamene galimoto ikuyenda. Zodzikongoletsera kapena ma struts zimagwira ntchito limodzi ndi zinthu zina zotanuka za kuyimitsidwa kwagalimoto (mwachitsanzo, akasupe, midadada chete, mipiringidzo yotsutsa, ndi zina).

Njira imodzi kapena ina, chifukwa cha absorbers mantha, n'zotheka kwambiri kusintha kusalala kwa galimoto, kuthetsa kudzikundikira (zonse kotalika ndi yopingasa), kukwaniritsa akuchitira bwino ndi bata galimoto panjira.

• Tsopano tiyeni tipite ku chipangizocho. Mwachidule, chotsitsa chilichonse chododometsa chimagwira ntchito pakuponderezana ndikubwezeretsanso. Ma hydraulic shock absorbers anali oyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magalimoto. Nthawi yomweyo, ma telescopic piston oil shock absorbers potengera mfundo yakukangana kwamadzimadzi amagwiritsidwabe ntchito masiku ano.

Poganizira kuti makina otsekemera a telescopic amaikidwa paliponse pamakina, tidzasanthula mtundu uwu mwatsatanetsatane. Mwachidule, damper yotere imagwira ntchito chifukwa chakuti madzi (mafuta) amayenda kuchokera kumtunda kupita ku wina kudzera m'mabowo apadera. Kwenikweni, ma telescoping struts amagwira ntchito pokakamiza madzi ndi pisitoni kudutsa mabowo olinganizidwa.

Kutengera ndi mphamvu yanji yomwe pisitoni imakumana nayo komanso momwe njanji imagwirira ntchito, madziwo amatuluka kudzera m'mabowo a mainchesi osiyanasiyana. The frictional mphamvu zamadzimadzi pa ntchito pachiyikapo amasandulika kutentha, ndi mfundo zonse ntchito zimathandiza kuti dapen kugwedera. Kuonjezera apo, chimango chimagwira ntchito zonse psinjika ndi rebound.

• Tiyeni tipite kumeneko. Monga lamulo, oyendetsa galimoto samayang'ana nthawi zonse mitundu ya zinthu zosokoneza. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo. Mfundo ndi yakuti kuyimitsidwa mantha absorber akhoza osati kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo, komanso limodzi chubu, awiri chubu kapena ophatikizana, komanso mafuta, gasi kapena gasi-mafuta (gasi / chimango mafuta).

Zikuoneka kuti ngati muyenera kugula kumbuyo kapena kutsogolo kugwedezeka absorbers, komanso zitsulo zonse 4 galimoto, ndi bwino kuganizira mbali ndi kusiyana kwa mtundu uliwonse. Kuonjezera apo, ngati mtundu umodzi kapena wina wa chododometsa chasankhidwa molakwika, zingakhudze kugwiritsira ntchito komanso kukwera chitonthozo.

Mitundu ya zida zowotchera magalimoto

Monga mukuonera, galimoto strut ndi chinthu chofunika mu dongosolo kuyimitsidwa. Kuonjezera apo, kugwedeza kwamphamvu kumakhudza mwachindunji osati chitonthozo chokha, komanso kusamalira. Pazifukwa izi, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungasankhire zotsekera kutsogolo kutsogolo kapena ma struts akumbuyo, poganizira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida zotere.

Chifukwa chake, ma telescopic shock absorbers ndi chubu limodzi ndi machubu awiri ophatikizidwa. Komanso, matembenuzidwe amakono amatha kukhala ndi ntchito yosinthira ma shock absorber (adaptive suspension).

• Njira yoyamba ndi single chubu kapena single chubu shock absorbers. Zoyikapo zotere zimakhala ndi silinda imodzi yokha, yomwe imakhala ngati nyumba ya pisitoni ndi ndodo. Kuti alipire kuchuluka kwa bar, chipinda china chodzaza mpweya chinapangidwa. Pistoni yoyandama imalekanitsa mpweya ndi madzi.

Pa chimango choterechi, mphamvu yamafuta mu zotengera zodzaza ndi gasi zimatha kufikira maatmosphere 30. Ubwino waukulu wa ma rack oterowo ndikuzizira kwambiri, kusungitsa katundu pamsewu uliwonse, komanso kuthekera koyika chotsitsa chododometsa pangodya iliyonse. Izi ndizotheka chifukwa pali chotchinga chakuthupi pakati pa chipinda chokhala ndi gasi ndi mafuta, kuwalepheretsa kusakanikirana.

Ponena za minuses, izi ndizovuta kupanga komanso mtengo wokwera kwambiri. Popeza kupanikizika mkati mwa chitoliro ndikwambiri, thupi liyenera kukhala lamphamvu momwe zingathere. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mwala ukagunda chotsitsa cha chubu chimodzi, khoma la silinda limapindika ndipo pisitoni imatha kupanikizana. Chifukwa cha zinthu zoterezi, zoyikapo zotere nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa pamagalimoto amasewera okha.

• Ma twin-tube shock absorbers amasiyana ndi ma chubu omwe amanjenjemera chifukwa amakhala ndi masilindala awiri omwe ali mkati mwa inzake (silinda yamkati imakhala ndi mafuta ndi pisitoni yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi kuyimitsidwa kudzera pa ndodo).

Silinda yakunja imadzazidwa pang'ono ndi mpweya ndipo imakhala ngati thanki yokulitsa. Posungira izi ndi zofunika kuti otaya madzimadzi anasamutsidwa ndi ndodo. Mapangidwe awa ndi achuma, amakhala ndi moyo wovomerezeka komanso wogwira ntchito bwino m'mikhalidwe yabwinobwino.

Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, iye sanali wopanda zolakwa. Vuto lalikulu ndikutentha kwambiri komanso kutulutsa thovu kwamafuta, popeza makoma awiri salola kuti mafuta azizizira bwino. M'mikhalidwe yovuta, mafuta amangoti "zithupsa" mu chowombera chodzidzimutsa, kugwedezeka kwa galimoto, kusamalira ndi kukhazikika kumawonongeka.

• Mafuta otsekemera a gasi (ophatikizana) - njira yomwe imaphatikizapo ubwino wa chubu limodzi ndi machubu awiri otsekemera. Mapangidwewo amafanana ndi chimango cha mipope iwiri, ndipo kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti mmalo mwa mpweya, mpweya umalowetsedwa mu silinda yakunja pansi pa kupanikizika.

Ubwino wake ndi monga mtengo wotsika mtengo, kuphatikizika, magwiridwe antchito abwino m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuzizira koyenera komanso moyo wovomerezeka wautumiki. Kumbali yakumunsi, mafelemu a combo awa ndi otsika poyerekeza ndi ma chubu amodzi potengera momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso amayipitsitsa pakutonthoza poyerekeza ndi ma twin tube shocks.

• Zodzikongoletsera zosinthika zimalola wokwera kuti asinthe mawonekedwe ake kuti agwiritse ntchito. M'magalimoto amakono, izi zimachitika pakompyuta munjira yodziwikiratu kapena yamanja.

Mwachidule, mitundu iwiri ya ma struts amtunduwu imatha kusiyanitsa: ma elekitiromaginito otengera ma electromagnetic bypass valves ndi ma shock absorbers pogwiritsa ntchito madzi apadera a magnetorheological. Pachiyambi choyamba, zamagetsi zimasintha ntchito ya mavavu, zomwe zimakhudza kuchotsa madzimadzi ndikusintha kuuma kwa chotsitsa chododometsa.

Chachiwiri, gawo la ma elekitiromagineti limagwira pa tinthu tating'ono ta mafuta pafupi ndi mabowo odutsa. Chotsatira chake, kukhuthala kwa mafuta kumasintha, kachiwiri izi zimakhudza njira yodutsamo ndikusintha kuuma kwa chotsitsa chododometsa.

Mitundu yoyamba ndi yachiwiri yazitsulo zosinthika zimakhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba. Komanso, tikayang'ana ndemanga za eni galimoto CIS, munthu akhoza kusankha gwero laling'ono la absorbers mantha awa pa galimoto yokangalika pa misewu ankhanza.

• Zodzikongoletsera zamasewera kapena zotulutsa heavy duty shock amapangidwa kuchokera pansi kuti azigwira ntchito zolemetsa komanso ntchito zolemetsa. Monga lamulo, mafelemu awa ndi olimba kuti agwire bwino galimoto.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chitonthozo pankhaniyi chimatsitsidwa kumbuyo, popeza ntchito yayikulu ya mitengo ikuluikulu yotereyi ndi kukhazikika kwakukulu kwagalimoto pamsewu, makamaka pa liwiro lalikulu komanso kugwira ntchito molimbika.

Tidawonjezeranso kuti chowombera chakutsogolo chimakhala ndi katundu wokwera kwambiri poyendetsa poyerekeza ndi ma struts akumbuyo. Ndicho chifukwa chake amapangidwanso kulimbikitsidwa. Komabe, pali ma axles akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwapawiri.

Komanso tisaiwale kuti kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kugwedezeka absorbers akhoza kukhala a mapasa-chubu kapangidwe, pamene amapasa-chubu shock absorbers nthawi zambiri amaikidwa pa chitsulo cham'mbuyo, poganizira zolemetsa zochepa, komanso kuwonjezera chitonthozo.

Kusokonezeka kwa Shuck absorber: zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro, fufuzani

Poganizira zomwe zili pamwambazi, mutha kumvetsetsa kuti ndi ma struts ati omwe amatha kusankha bwino pankhani inayake. Kenako, mukasankha mtunduwo, muyenera kusankha wopanga, phunzirani kalozerayo ndikugula zotengera zomwe zikuyenera kusinthidwa.

Pa nthawi yomweyi, si madalaivala onse omwe amadziwa bwino pamene kuli kofunikira kusintha ma grilles a galimoto. Kwa oyendetsa ena mungamve kuti kutsogolo kugwedezeka kumagwira ntchito 50-60 Km, chotsitsa kumbuyo chimagwira ntchito mpaka 100 Km, mpweya wotsekemera umatenga 30-50% kuposa mafuta, ndi zina zotero.

Nthawi zina, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizingoyang'ana zoyikapo, kulabadira madontho amafuta, kugogoda, kumamatira ndi phokoso, pomwe ena akulimbikitsidwa kwambiri kukaona vibrator kapena kungosintha zotengera kugwedezeka kutengera mtunda. Tiyeni tione mafunso amenewa mwatsatanetsatane.

Choyamba, pali zizindikiro zingapo zomwe ma shock absorber struts alephera:

• kudzikundikira pamene kuyendetsa galimoto ngakhale pa msewu lathyathyathya;
• zosokoneza zonse zimapatsirana m'thupi molimba, madontho amamveka pa chiwongolero;
• galimoto imagubuduza m'makona, osasunga njira;
• panali tokhala ndi phokoso extraneous pamene akuyendetsa m'dera la rack;
• kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya braking, kusuntha mbali imodzi kapena ina, ndi zina.

Chonde dziwani kuti khalidwe ili la galimoto ndi maonekedwe a zizindikiro izi ndizotheka pazifukwa zina. Kuti mumvetse ndendende pamene zowonongeka zowonongeka ndizoipa kapena zalephera kwathunthu kapena pang'ono, muyenera kuyamba ndi kuyang'ana kowoneka bwino kwa zowonongeka.

Ngati muwona ma grooves okhudzana ndi mafuta otsekemera a mafuta ndi gasi-mafuta, izi zidzasonyeza kuti chowombera chodzidzimutsa ndi "kutukuta" kapena chimakhala ndi kutayikira kwathunthu, kumangika kumatayika. Ngati n'kotheka kuyang'ana choyikapo, ndi bwino kuchichotsa m'galimoto ndikuchipopera pamanja.

Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndikwanira kuti mutsegule hood, kutsamira malo opangira rack ndikukanikiza thupi kutsutsana ndi rack momwe mungathere, ndikumasula mwamphamvu.

Kukachitika kuti chotsitsa chododometsa chikugwira ntchito (osachepera pang'ono), thupi lidzabwerera pamalo ake oyambirira ndipo palibe kugwedeza kumodzi kapena kuwiri komwe kumaloledwa. Ngati kuchulukana kumawonekera (kusinthasintha kangapo), ndiye kuti chotsitsa chododometsa sichigwira ntchito zake, ndipo thupi limagwedezeka pa akasupe.

M'malo mwake, kutuluka kwa mafuta kudzera mu damper gland, yomwe imadziwonetsera ngati mikwingwirima yamafuta, ikuwonetsa kutayika kwamphamvu m'dera la tsinde.

Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa tsinde lamphamvu, kenako tsinde limakhala lodetsedwa. Tsinde lokha limathanso kupunduka mutayendetsa mabampu mumsewu, maenje, ndi zina.

Mulimonsemo, ngakhale chotsitsa chododometsa chikadagwirabe ntchito, izi sizitenga nthawi yayitali ndipo ndikofunikira kukonzekera m'malo, popeza mpweya ndi madzi zimatuluka kuchokera ku chotsitsa chododometsa, zomwe zimawononga mphamvu ya shock absorber zimawonongeka.

Tikumbukenso kuti m`zochita, kutsogolo absorbers mantha m'misewu yapakhomo ya magalimoto apakati nthawi zambiri kuphimba zosaposa 60-70 Km, ndiyeno ntchito yawo imayamba kuwonongeka.

Zimachitika kuti ngakhale mikwingwirima yowuma pamtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 90-100, chimodzimodzi, pakuthamanga koteroko, ntchito yawo sichidutsa 30-40%. Ponena za mizati yakumbuyo, nthawi zambiri amapita 30-40 zikwi makilomita kuposa kutsogolo.

Malangizo othandiza

Ngati musanthula zomwe mwalandira, zikuwonekeratu kuti ngati mukufuna kusankha chotsitsa chododometsa, mtengo udzakhala wosiyana. Mtengowo udzakhudzidwa ndi mtundu wa thunthu lokha, komanso cholinga chachikulu (cha kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo). Monga lamulo, zogwedeza kumbuyo zimakhala zotsika mtengo kusiyana ndi zogwedeza kutsogolo chifukwa ndizosavuta kupanga ndipo sizifunikira kulimbikitsanso kwina poyerekeza ndi kugwedeza kolemera kutsogolo.

Komabe, sikoyenera kupulumutsa zambiri pakusintha. Choyamba, zotsekemera zimasinthidwa pawiri pa ekisi imodzi. Komanso, ngati mukufuna kusintha chotsitsa chododometsa, mutha kugula njira yotsika mtengo yoyambira kapena analogue yamtundu wodziwika bwino, komanso ma racks otsika mtengo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, muyenera kukhala okonzekera kuti zochepetsera zotsika mtengo zimatha kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kuyambira pachiyambi, sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe zatchulidwa ndipo zimalephera mwamsanga.

Akadali osavomerezeka kupulumutsa pazitsulo kumbuyo. Nthawi zina, kuyesa kuyika zotsekera zapakati kapena zapamwamba pa ekisi yakutsogolo ndi ma struts otsika mtengo kumbuyo kumabweretsa kusagwira bwino ndikuchepetsa chitonthozo. Ndikoyenera kukhazikitsa ma rack amtundu womwewo wamtengo ndi wopanga m'modzi kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo.

Pomaliza, tikuwona kuti kusankha kwa chododometsa kuyenera kukhala kozindikira; posankha, m'pofunika kuganizira makhalidwe omwe takambirana pamwambapa mosiyana. M'pofunikanso kuganizira kalembedwe ka galimoto, mikhalidwe ya misewu m'derali, zokonda za munthu aliyense, kuyendetsa galimoto ndi zina zingapo. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kugula ma rack okha kuchokera kwa ogulitsa odalirika ndikuyika bwino pamakina.

Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti pali mabodza ambiri otsika pamsika, ndipo si amisiri onse omwe amatsatira malamulo ovomerezeka ndi malingaliro posintha ma struts (kuyang'ana zotsekemera zotsekemera, kupopera zoziziritsa kudzidzimutsa musanayike, ndi zina).