Galimoto yamatabwa. Injini yoyaka moto.
Zamkatimu
Simuyenera kukhala dalaivala kuti muwone kuti mitengo yamafuta yakwera mwachangu m'masabata aposachedwa. Zimadziwika kuti kuchuluka kwa zopangira izi ndizochepa ndipo posachedwa padzakhala mavuto ndi kupezeka kwake. Komabe, ndi anthu ochepa amene amadziwa kuti njira ina ndi yotsika mtengo kwambiri yopangira mphamvu galimoto inakhazikitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapitazo.
Nzeru za anthu zilibe malire, makamaka m’nthaŵi zamavuto. Kubwerera m'mbuyo masamba angapo a mbiri yakale, timaphunzira kuti m'nthawi ya nkhondo, pazifukwa zodziwikiratu, panali vuto la mafuta. Anthu wamba, ngakhale anali ndi magalimoto okwera mtengo kwambiri, sakanatha kuyenda m'menemo. Kuchokera apa, malingaliro ochulukirapo komanso osangalatsa adawonekera kuposa kusintha mafuta kapena dizilo. Zinapezeka kuti nkhunizo ndizoyenera kupanga mafuta, omwe ndi gasi wamatabwa, wotchedwanso "holkgas".
Mwachidziwitso, injini iliyonse yoyatsira moto imatha kuyendetsa gasi wamatabwa. Nkhaniyi ikugwiranso ntchito ku injini za dizilo, koma izi zimafuna kukonzanso kwina monga kuwonjezera makina oyatsira. Motere kuchokera ku mayesero osiyanasiyana omwe anachitika kumayambiriro kwa zaka khumi, njira yabwino yoyendetsera galimoto pamafuta achilendo awa ndi jenereta ya gasi yamadzi, i.e. otchedwa carbon monoxide generator. Jenereta ya Imbert.
Tekinoloje iyi idapangidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1920. Mawu ovutawa mwina satanthauza zambiri kwa omwe angawerenge, kotero pansipa pali kufotokozera momwe dongosololi limagwirira ntchito. Njira yothetsera vutoli imapangitsa kuti pakhale 1 lita imodzi yamafuta kuchokera pa 2 kg ya nkhuni kapena 1,5 kg ya makala. Ndipo monga mukudziwa, mtengo wa zinthu zopangira izi, ngakhale muzochitika zabwino kwambiri, ndi zosachepera katatu kuposa momwe zimakhalira ndi mafuta omaliza.
Kodi ntchito?
Mu chowotcha cha Imbert, mpweya umadyetsedwa mu ng'anjo kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi mothamanga, kotero kuti umadutsa nkhuni zoyaka kapena makala. Mpweya wa okosijeni umasakanikirana ndi mpweya kuti ukhale mpweya woipa. Yotsirizirayi imagwiranso ntchito ndi carbon ndipo imasanduka carbon monoxide. Panthawiyi, mpweya wamadzi womwe umatulutsidwa kuchokera ku nkhuni zoyaka moto, chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri, umaphatikizana ndi carbon, kupanga carbon monoxide ndi hydrogen. Phulusa limadziunjikira mu poto. Mpweya womwe umapezeka pansi pa kabati umachotsedwa ndi chitoliro cholunjika pamwamba, chomwe chidzalepheretsa kuipitsidwa kwake ndi phulusa.
Mpweyawo umadutsa pa sump yapadera, kumene umayamba kuyeretsedwa koyambirira, ndipo pokhapo umalowa m'malo ozizira. Apa kutentha kumatsika ndipo mpweya umasiyana ndi madzi. Kenaka imadutsa mu fyuluta ya cork ndikulowa mu chosakaniza, kumene imaphatikizana ndi mpweya wochokera kunja pambuyo pa kusefa. Pokhapokha pamene gasi amaperekedwa ku injini.
Kutentha kwa mpweya wopangidwa ndi otsika, popeza jenereta ya Imbert imagwiritsa ntchito machitidwe owopsa, ndipo mphindi yochepetsera mpweya woipa kuti oxide ndi endothermic reaction, yofanana ndi momwe nthunzi imachitira ndi malasha. Kuchepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu, makoma a jenereta amakhala awiri. Mpweya wolowa mu jenereta umadutsa pakati pa zigawo ziwiri.
Mbali inayo ya ndalama
Tsoka ilo, yankho ili, ngakhale likhoza kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito, limapangitsa kuti injini ya gasi yamatabwa ikhale ndi mphamvu zochepa kuposa injini ya petulo. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala pafupifupi 30 peresenti. Komabe, izi zitha kulipidwa powonjezera kuchuluka kwa compression mu unit. Funso lachiwiri, lofunika kwambiri ndi kukula kwa kamangidwe kotere. Jenereta ya Imbert, chifukwa cha zomwe zikuchitika mmenemo, ndi chipangizo cha miyeso yayikulu kwambiri. Choncho, nthawi zambiri "inkalumikizidwa" kunja kwa galimotoyo.
Holcgas ndiyoyenera kwambiri pamagalimoto okhala ndi nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti kuyambitsa injini pa mafuta amatenga pafupifupi mphindi 20-30. Ndi nthawi yayitali bwanji "kuyatsa" jenereta ya gasi. Pakalipano, malo abwino kwambiri omwe magalimoto oyendera nkhuni amatha kugwira ntchito ndi madera omwe amatha kufika mosavuta kumtengo, kumene malo opangira mafuta apafupi ali pamtunda wa makilomita angapo kapena angapo.
Komabe, pakadali pano, ngakhale mitengo yamafuta ikukwera, sitingakumane ndi vuto lamafuta. Kugwiritsira ntchito makala ndi njira yabwino pamene kapena m'malo omwe mafuta ndi ovuta kwambiri kupeza. M'mikhalidwe yomwe ilipo, izi zitha kuwonedwa ngati chidwi panthawiyi.
Dzichitireni nokha injini yowotchera nkhuni!
Mitengo yamafuta yakhala ikukwera pang'onopang'ono kwa miyezi ingapo ndikuphwanya malire atsopano. Akatswiri akuchenjeza kuti posachedwapa, vuto likhoza kukhala osati kukwera mtengo kokha, komanso kupezeka kwa mafuta a petulo, dizilo kapena gasi wa liquefied petroleum. Kotero zinali kale! Kodi m'malo mwa mafutawa ndi ati? Makina amatha kusinthidwa kuti awotche holzgas (gasi wamatabwa), i.e. mpweya wa jenereta, womwe ungapezeke kuchokera ku nkhuni. Kodi kuchita izo?
Ma injini ambiri a petulo amatha kusinthidwa kuti aziyendera gasi wamatabwa, mosavuta ndi ma carburetor.- Wood ndi mafuta ongowonjezwdwa, zomwe sizikutanthauza kuti galimoto yoteroyo ikhoza kuonedwa kuti ndi yogwirizana ndi chilengedwe.
- Malo opangira gasi ndi okulirapo komanso olemera kuposa ma LPG komanso ndizovuta kuwongolera.
- Choyipa chachikulu cha yankho lotere ndikuti kuyika sikunakonzekere kugwira ntchito, kuyenera kutenthedwa.
- Majenereta a gasi a nkhuni amathanso kupanga mafuta, mwachitsanzo. kwa kutentha kwa nyumba
Mukukumbukira nyimbo "Locomotive from the announcement" yolembedwa ndi Perfect?
Mafuta amafuta pamtengo uwu lero
Kuti galimoto mulibe m'thumba mwako
Nditsanulira madzi mu locomotive
Ndipo zikhala zotsika mtengo kwa ine kuyenda
Nditola zinyalala
Nditola nkhuni (…)
Ndidzakhala ngati mfumu!
Ndani angaganize kuti mawu ochokera ku 1981 atha kumvekanso chimodzimodzi? Koma kuyendetsa locomotive si njira. Kuyambira pachiyambi chamakampani opanga magalimoto, pakhala pali nthawi pomwe mafuta amafuta anali okwera mtengo kwambiri kapena osatheka - ndipo palibe amene amafuna kusiya kuyendetsa magalimoto okhala ndi injini zoyaka mkati. Njira yotsika mtengo komanso yotsika mtengo kuposa mafuta amadzimadzi okwera mtengo kapena gasi? Pankhani ya kutentha kwa nyumba, nkhaniyi ndi yodziwikiratu - kuwotcha zonse zomwe zimabwera m'mamba, monga zinyalala zamatabwa, brushwood.
Njira yotsika mtengo yoyendetsa ndi brushwood m'malo mwa petrol kapena LPG
Chabwino, simungathe kuyendetsa galimoto ndi brushwood! Iwo? Inde mungathe, koma si zophweka! Njira yothetsera vutoli ndikuyika zomwe zimatchedwa holzgas, kapena gasi wamatabwa! Lingaliro silatsopano; opanga akhala akuyesera kukhazikitsa koteroko kwa zaka zopitilira 100. Kuyika kwamtunduwu kunatchuka kwambiri pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, pamene mafuta a petroleum anali pafupifupi kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asilikali, ndipo nkhokwe zawo zinali zochepa kwambiri. Apa ndi pamene magalimoto wamba (ndi magalimoto ena ankhondo) adasinthidwa kwambiri kuti athe kuyendetsa gasi la jenereta. Ndiponso nkhondoyo itatha, makhazikitsidwe oterowo anali otchuka m’madera ena akutali a dziko, makamaka kumene nkhuni zinalibe ndipo mafuta amadzimadzi anali ovuta kupeza.
Injini iliyonse yamafuta imatha kuthamanga pamafuta amatabwa.
Kusinthidwa kwa injini yokha (malinga ngati ndi sitiroko ya carbureted) ndizovuta kwambiri - ndizokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito gasi kuzinthu zambiri. Popeza sichisungunuka, palibe chifukwa chochepetsera kutentha kapena zipangizo zina zovuta. Chovuta kwambiri pankhaniyi ndikumanga ndi kukhazikitsa mugalimoto yofananira "jenereta ya gasi", ndiko kuti, chipangizo chomwe nthawi zina chimatchedwa jenereta ya gasi. Kodi jenereta ya gasi ndi chiyani? Mwachidule, ichi ndi chipangizo chomwe chidzatulutsa mpweya m'galimoto, womwe umawotchedwa mu injini. Inde, izi sizolakwika - m'magalimoto omwe amatchedwa holzgas, mafuta amapangidwa mosalekeza!
Njira yoyendetsera mtengo - kodi jenereta yamafuta amatabwa imagwira ntchito bwanji?
M'galimoto kapena mu ngolo kuseri kwa galimoto pali chophikira chapadera, chotsekedwa mwamphamvu ndi bokosi lamoto lomwe limayikidwa pansi pake. Nkhuni, matabwa, nkhuni, utuchi, peat kapena makala amaponyedwa mu boiler. Moto umayatsidwa m'mbale pansi pa mphika wotsekedwa. Patapita nthawi, mutatha kutentha komwe mukufuna, chisakanizo chamoto chimayamba kusuta, "carbonate" - mipweya yochuluka imatulutsidwa kunja kudzera pa chitoliro choyenera, kutali ndi moto woyaka moto.
Popeza kuti zinthu zoyaka moto zimatenthedwa ndi mpweya wochepa, chowotchera chimatulutsa makamaka carbon monoxide, i.e. chakupha kwambiri, komanso choyaka mpweya monoxide. Zigawo zina za gasi zopezedwa mwanjira imeneyi ndizomwe zimatchedwa. hydrogen, ethylene ndi methane. Tsoka ilo, mpweya uwu ulinso ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe sizingayaka, mwachitsanzo. nayitrogeni, nthunzi wamadzi, mpweya woipa - kutanthauza kuti mafuta ali ndi mtengo wochepa kwambiri wa calorific, ndipo makonzedwe ake amapangidwa m'njira yakuti mpweya usasungidwe mwa iwo, koma umalowa mu injini nthawi zonse. Pamene injini ikufunikira kwambiri mafuta, m'pamenenso kuika kwake kumafunika mphamvu.
Kukwera pa Holzgas - sikutsika mtengo, koma pali mavuto
Kuti mpweya ukhale woyenera injini zopangira mphamvu, uyenerabe utakhazikika ndikusefedwa kuchokera ku ma tarry deposits - zomwe zimakakamizanso kuyika kukhala kwakukulu - komanso gasi wobwera chifukwa cha zomwe zimatchedwa. pyrolysis nkhuni ndi biowaste zina si mafuta oyera kwambiri. Ngakhale ndi kusefera kwabwino kotsalira, phula limaunjikana muzochulukira zomwe amadya, mwaye amaunjikana m'zipinda zoyatsira moto ndi pa spark plugs. Injini yomwe ikuyendetsa gasi wamatabwa imakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa kuposa mafuta kapena gasi wonyezimira - kuwonjezera apo, ndi bwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito "gasi mpaka chitsulo", chifukwa zikakhala choncho, ngati kuyika kuli kochepa kwambiri. Kuchita bwino (zimachitika), injini imayamba kuyenda mowonda kwambiri, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa, mwachitsanzo, mavavu oyaka kapena ma gaskets oyaka moto. Koma kumbali ina, mafuta ndi aulere,
Jenereta imapanga mpweya ngakhale injini itazimitsidwa
Zosokoneza zina: tikathimitsa injini, jenereta imapangabe mpweya - ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, mwachitsanzo, poyatsa chowotcha chapadera chomwe chinapangidwira cholinga ichi, kapena ... kutulutsa mpweya mumlengalenga, chifukwa palibe njira yosungira. Kuyendetsa ndi moto m'galimoto kapena mu ngolo kuseri kwa galimoto nakonso sikotetezeka kwambiri, ndipo ngati kuyikako sikuli kolimba, okwera galimoto amakumana ndi imfa. Kuyikako kumafuna kuyeretsa mozama (kutengera katundu, makumi angapo aliwonse kapena pafupifupi makilomita mazana angapo) - koma ndizotsika mtengo kwambiri.
Jenereta yamafuta a nkhuni - ya preppers komanso kutenthetsa nyumba yotsika mtengo
Ndikosavuta kupeza makanema pa intaneti owonetsa momwe angapangire jenereta ya gasi kuti aziyendetsa galimoto ndi gasi wamatabwa - mapulojekiti ena adapangidwa kuti apangidwe kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zimapezeka nthawi zambiri, ngakhale makina owotcherera sanali ofunikira pomanga. . Palibe kuchepa kwa okonda kutembenuza magalimoto awo kukhala mafuta otero - ndi otchuka kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, ku Russia. m'makona abwinja a Sweden, koma gulu lalikulu la mafani a machitidwe otere angapezeke ku Russia ndi maiko a pambuyo pa Soviet. Anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito ma jenereta a gasi a nkhuni ndi injini zoyendetsedwa ndi iwo monga zoseweretsa ndipo, mwachitsanzo, amamanga makina otchetcha udzu omwe amagwira ntchito mwanjira imeneyi.
Komanso, zida zadzidzidzi (nkhondo yapadziko lonse, apocalypse ya zombie, kuphulika kwa mapiri, masoka achilengedwe) ndizodziwika pakati pa omwe amatchedwa opulumuka kuti athandize opanga magetsi. Palinso makampani pamsika omwe amapereka majenereta amakono a gasi okhala ndi masitovu oyenerera ngati malo otetezeka komanso otsika mtengo opangira kutentha kwanyumba.
