Kuyenda Panjinga Zam'mapiri Mwadzidzidzi: Bwanji Osakhala Bwino?

Mapulogalamu ena, koma koposa zonse (mapulogalamu) amakulolani kuti muzitha mwachangu, ndikudina pang'ono (Rauta, Routing, Router), kutsatira njinga, miyala, njira ya MTB kapena njira yoyenda.

Komabe, zotsatira zake zimatha kuchoka ku bluffing mpaka kukhumudwa kwambiri, kuona nkhondo ya spaghetti yomwe ingawoneke ngati "yopenga", koma kodi muyenera kudzudzula APPLI ndikutaya?

Ndikwachibadwa kuimba mlandu pulogalamuyi, koma ndi gawo lokhalo lomwe limayambitsa kukhumudwa kumeneku, mosasamala kanthu za pulogalamuyo, chifukwa chifukwa chachikulu chikugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa deta yokhudzana ndi mapu.

Kuyenda mu Broughton Forest ndi ntchito ziwiri zosiyana, imodzi yomwe ili kumanzere imalephera katatu, mwina chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa deta ya MTB pamapu a OSM.

Mamapu omwe akupezeka ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mapulogalamuwa (ndi mapulogalamu) mwina ndi Open Street Map, https://www.openstreetmap.fr/ akupezeka pa ziro mtengo, TomTom kapena Google "yoyamba" mu "No tar".

Chitsanzo cha nkhaniyi chachokera pa Open Street Map (OSM), yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi opanga mapulogalamu chifukwa ndi yaulere.

Makamaka, OSM, monga "opikisana nawo", ndi nkhokwe yomwe ili ndi mndandanda wa "zinthu". Kuti mujambule mapu, pulogalamuyi ichotsa munkhokwe iyi ndi chinthu chilichonse mawonekedwe a mapu omwe mukufuna. Kenako idzapanga mapu a "vector", ndiko kuti, mndandanda wa mizere ndi mfundo, zojambulazo zimakhala zomveka bwino, mosasamala kanthu za kukula kwake.

Pamapu okwera njinga zamapiri, algorithm yomwe imayang'ana mawonekedwe omwe amatanthauzira mapu a njinga zamapiri, kulola pulogalamu iliyonse kuwonetsa mapu a njinga zamapiri "odziwika", makamaka mapu. Kuchokera ku Garmin.

Zambiri zamapu a OSM zimabwera makamaka kuchokera ku zopereka zodzifunira (crowdsourcing). OSM kutengera mfundo iyi, kwa zaka zingapo, "mabungwe" ena omwe adaganiza zochoka pamasewera akulu aku America adachita nawo nawo gawoli. Mabungwewa amakonda OSM ngati chida chojambulira mapu m'gawo lawo, motero zoperekazo zili pansi paulamuliro wa akatswiri (mwachitsanzo: Lyon, Île-de-France, ndi zina). Titha kuwona bwino lomwe kuti m'malo awa mapu ndi akulu komanso opangidwa bwino. Pamlingo wa dziko kapena dera, izi zimabweretsa kusiyana kwakukulu pa kulemera ndi mtundu wa data yomwe ili pamapuwa.

Mapu a OSM MTB mawonekedwe a Garmin mtundu, Vosges massif kumanzere (kumpoto kwa Belfort), nkhalango ya Bretonne kumanja (kumwera kwa Rouen) https://www.calculitineraires.fr/.

Ndemanga zathu, zomwe zimayang'ana kufunikira kwa njira zanjinga zanjinga, njinga zamapiri ndi miyala, mwadala samatchula kuchuluka kwa data komwe kumawonetsedwa mu OSM.

Chithunzi chili m'munsichi ndi mawonekedwe apadziko lonse aku Europe amayendedwe apanjinga odziwika ndi OSM, chithunzichi chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa misewu yomwe idzasankhidwe makamaka ndi ma aligorivimu akugwiritsa ntchito mapu a OSM kukonza njira yokwerera njinga. ...

Mwina pali njira zambiri zanjinga "kunja kwa France" kapena mapu a OSM sanadziwitsidwe bwino ku France ... Yankho: Otsogolera anga onse!

Poyang'ana pafupi ndi dera lomwe likukhudza mbali za Kum'mawa kwa Greater ndi Germany, chithunzichi chikuwonetsa madera a kuchulukana kwa anthu. Kumbali ya Germany, kachulukidwe ka misewu yozungulira nthawi zambiri imagwirizana ndi kachulukidwe kokhazikika, mapu amawoneka ngati ofanana. Ponena za France, zomwe zikuwonekera ndi zomveka bwino: sizingafanane konse, mapu ozungulira Charmès amadziwitsidwa bwino kuposa Nancy kapena Colmar, padakali ntchito yochuluka yoti ichitike kuti mapu oyenerera ayendetse.

Popeza OSM imachokera pa mfundo yopereka modzifunira, zili kwa oyendetsa njinga kuti apereke zambiri ndikusintha mapu.

OSM (monga omwe akupikisana nawo) ndi nkhokwe ya mapu komwe zigawo zimatha kubwezeredwa ndi njira zokomera, wolemba amafunsa UMAP (wowonera wosavuta) kuti awonetse OUTER wosanjikiza, mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa njira ndi njira m'magawo awiri ofanana kuchokera pamenepo. mawonekedwe a "pano" muzosankha zosungidwa.

Tikuwona bwino kuti njirayo idzakhala yosavuta, yowonjezereka, chifukwa choperekacho ndi chochulukirapo pamapu (kwa rauta) ku Black Forest kuposa ku Vosges, ngakhale m'mundamo kachulukidwe ndi khalidwe la amapereka mumayendedwe, tinjira, mu Vosges ndi wapadera. Izi zimayamikiridwa mu zida zina koma osati mu OSM; Zotsatira zake, ma routing (fayilo ya GPX yochokera ku mapulogalamu) m'chigawo chino siifunikira.

Black Forest kum'mawa kwa Colmar

Vosges, kumadzulo kwa Colmar.

Tiyeni tiwone mapu omwe okonza njira amawawona, mwachitsanzo wolemba adasankha pulogalamu ya Komoot https://www.komoot.fr/ chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake "achigololo". Chiwonetsero chingathenso kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ina. Mawonekedwe azithunzi amakupatsani mwayi wowunikira bwino vuto lalikulu. Mu Black Forest (njira zobiriwira), chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa mayankho onse omwe amathandizira "kupalasa njinga", popeza algorithm ili ndi mayankho angapo, imatha kuwonetsa njira yoyenera malinga ndi zomwe zafotokozedweratu.

Pansipa, mbali ya Vosges: ma aligorivimu adzayenera kusankha m'misewu popanda njira zina, chifukwa misewu yoyenera kupalasa njinga siyiwonetsedwa pamapu. Kutengera kugwiritsa ntchito, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amakhutira kwambiri.

Pankhani ya kukwera njinga zamapiri, tiyeni tifanizire gawo lomwe lidatengedwa mwachisawawa ku Black Forest ndi Spot, lodziwika bwino pakupalasa njinga zamapiri ku France, makamaka pochititsa mpikisano wapadziko lonse wa XC ndi DH: La Bresse ku Vosges.

Mu Black Forest (m'munsimu), ma aligorivimu azitha kusankha pakati pazovuta zosiyanasiyana (S0, S1, S2…), pewani kapena kukhala ndi kukwera kapena kutsika kovuta. Ndizotheka kuti njira yomwe mukufuna (GPX) ikufanana kapena ili pafupi kwambiri ndi zomwe mwapeza.

Pansipa, ku Vosges, mtundu wofiirira umakonda kwambiri. Ma algorithm okhazikika adzasankha njira yomwe ingavomereze njira zowonekera mu chibakuwa, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kumuthandiza kupanga GPX yolondola, chifukwa kuyerekezera kwa njira ya MTB kulipo koma ndikochepera.

Pansipa pali chitsanzo cha malo omwe mapu a OSM MTB ndi abwino kwambiri chifukwa mayendedwe onse amasankhidwa panjinga, kukwera njinga zamapiri, kukwera mapiri (chithunzi cha mapu okwera njinga zamapiri). Njira yomwe imaperekedwa ndi ntchito yamphamvu ndi iyi: Kumbali imodzi, imapangidwa mwachangu kwambiri komanso yamakono, thandizo lamanja limachepetsedwa.

Ntchito iliyonse imagwiritsa ntchito ma aligorivimu ake; iwo sangapereke ndendende njira zomwezo, komabe mu boma "ku France" kusiyana pakati pa njira yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa ndi njira yomwe idzachoke makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso pamapu.

Mapulogalamu apaintaneti, omwe ali othandiza kwambiri, amasinthira mamapu awo pafupipafupi. Adzakhala amakono nthawi zonse kuposa mapulogalamu omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mamapu akale kwambiri. Kusintha komwe kwapangidwa ku OSM kumawerengedwa bwino mu ola lotsatira pamapulogalamu omwe amalabadira kwambiri; Pankhani ya mayendedwe, latency imakhala kuyambira sabata imodzi mpaka sabata zingapo.

Zomwe zabisika pansi pa mapu

Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zabisika kuseri kwa khadi. Iwo amene adzadyetsa algorithm yolowera.

Chithunzi chili m'munsichi chikuwonetsa zambiri zanjira yopalasa njinga ku Mormal Forest.

OSM ndi ntchito yothandizana, wogwira ntchito sakuyenera kudzaza minda yonse, ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti pakapita nthawi komanso zabwino menyu adzakhala wolemera komanso wabwinoko, iyi ndiye mfundo ya crowdsourcing, monga Wikipedia.

• Njinga: Yofunikira pakupalasa njinga, iyi ndi njira yanjinga yomwe sinjira yanjinga kapenanso njira yanjinga,
• Wapansi: amavomereza oyenda pansi, alendo
• Highway: mtundu wa msewu, ndi wa gulu la mayendedwe,
• Pamwamba / Mtundu wa Njira: Muchitsanzo ichi, nthaka ndi yolimba popanda miyala, muyeso uwu umakupatsani mwayi woti muwongolere njira, apa ndipamene lingaliro la miyala limabwera ...
• Mamembala... Pachithunzichi, njirayo ndi gawo la njira yolembetsedwa mwalamulo, ndipo ikhoza kutumizidwa mwachindunji ndi mapulogalamu ena.

Kuyerekeza kwapansipa kwa mapu (OSM Cyclo) pakati pa U Map (wowonera wamba) ndi Komoot (ntchito) kukuwonetsa pachitsanzo ichi kuti kugwiritsa ntchito sikuchepetsa zomwe zili pamapu, rauta ingakonde njira zoyenera okwera njinga m'nkhalangoyi.

Zozungulira za nkhalango za OSM Mormal, zoperekedwa Umap

OSM Cycles of the Forest of Mormal, omasuliridwa ndi Komuth

Kuchuluka kwa deta yomwe yaperekedwa ndi kulondola kwake, kuphatikizidwa ndi luntha la algorithm yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito, zimatsimikizira kuti njira yomwe imapezeka chifukwa cha njirayo idzakhala yokonzedweratu.

Chithunzi chokwera njinga zamapiri kapena kukwera mapiri

Chofunika ndi chiyani

Njira ndi njira m'lingaliro la njira yamapiri, yomwe sikutheka kuti idutse panjinga yamapiri, ndi komwe mungaime podutsa njira (poyenda wapansi kapena panjinga yamapiri), ndi msonkhano wa mayiko wovomerezeka... Nthawi zonse pamene kuli kotheka kuima pamodzi, wapansi kapena panjinga yamapiri, mawu akuti "njanji" ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zofunikira zofunika kwambiri zimachepetsedwa ndi mtundu (njira / njira) ndi mtundu wa njanji (gulu la njanji ya 1, yomwe mutha kuyendetsa njinga mosavuta ndi mulingo wosadutsa 5).

Izi ndizosankha, koma zothandiza kwambiri.

Deta yonse ilola kuti algorithm yogwiritsira ntchito iwonetsere njira yomwe idasinthidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito, yomwe imakhala yofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito kupalasa njinga, kukwera njinga zamapiri ndi kukwera njinga zamapiri.

Chitsanzo pansipa chikuwonetsa gawo la njinga yamapiri yovuta (yofiira) (kalasi 3, sikelo 2, otsetsereka 20 & #0006). Iyi ndi njira yopewera ena kapena kuyanjidwa ndi ena. Ngati aligorivimu ili ndi deta iyi, ikhoza kupereka zofunikira komanso zothandiza zokhudzana ndi zofunikira zakuthupi ndi zamakono..

Malangizo. Kudutsa fayilo ya trace.gpx yotumizidwa kuchokera pa intaneti kudzera pa pulogalamu yolowera kumalola, kumbali imodzi, kuchotsa njira ya "munda" iyi, ngati ilipo, ndipo, koposa zonse, kuzindikira njira zomwe zingayambitse mavuto m'munda. ...

Kufunika kwa data

Pansipa pali chithunzi chofananira cha mapu okwera njinga zamapiri omwe amawonedwa ndi mapulogalamu awiri m'malo awiri okhala ndi anthu mosiyanasiyana. Kumanzere ndi mawonekedwe a OSM VTT a Vosges kumpoto kwa Belfort, kumanja ndi phiri la mapiri a Broughton nkhalango kumwera kwa Rouen. Kumanzere ndi mapu omwe mapulogalamu awiri osiyana amawawona, ali ndi deta yokhudzana ndi mapu kuti adule njira yokongola ya njinga zamapiri, kumanja, palibe chomwe chidzalole mapulogalamu awiriwa kuti azikonda njira imodzi kuposa inzake, njirayo idzakhala. "zofewa".