Kodi ma transmissions abwino kuposa amanja?

Mikangano yokhudzana ndi kukwezeka kwa njira imodzi yotumizirana mameseji yakhala ikuchitika kuyambira pomwe zida zodziwikiratu zidawonekera pamsika.

M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, pakhala nthano zambiri, makamaka zokhudzana ndi makina otumizirana mauthenga. Opanga magalimoto, komabe, sakuwoneka kuti akusamala za izi ndipo akusintha mosalekeza mapangidwe awo.

Chifukwa cha ntchito zimenezi, pa zaka khumi zapitazi, zambiri zasintha mawu a galimoto chitonthozo cha magalimoto ndi kufala basi. Onse ku Poland ndi ku Europe konse, magalimoto odziwikiratu akadali ochepa. Akuti amapanga zosakwana 10% za magalimoto onse omwe akuyenda m'misewu yathu. Panthawiyi, mu America zinthu ndi zosiyana kwambiri - pafupifupi 90% ya magalimoto ali ndi kufala basi. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti mafuta nthawi zonse akhala otchipa kwambiri panyanja kusiyana ndi Old Continent, ndipo magalimoto odziimira anali osowa mafuta. Komabe, kufikira pamene chiwonjezekocho zaka zingapo zapitazo, palibe aliyense ku United States amene anali wodera nkhaŵa makamaka ponena za kuchuluka kwa mafuta m’galimoto imene ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwapa, nzeru ochiritsira analimbikira kuti galimoto ndi kufala zodziwikiratu pankhaniyi si ndalama zambiri kuposa galimoto yofanana ndi kufala Buku. Kodi ndi zoona?

Ma transmissions amakono odziwikiratu sawonjezera mafuta. Pali zofananitsa zambiri zamafuta amagalimoto amtundu womwewo wokhala ndi makina odziwikiratu komanso otumizira pamanja pamabwalo apaintaneti, koma kumbukirani kuti zambiri zimatengera momwe timayendera komanso momwe timayendera. Ngati driver akukonda kuyendetsa kwamphamvu, adzalandira zigoli zapamwamba mosasamala kanthu kuti akuyendetsa ndi "zodziwikiratu" kapena ndi kufala kwamanja. Zotengera zakale zodziwikiratu nthawi zambiri zimatengera kukanikiza chopondapo cha gasi ndikuchedwa, osati nthawi zonse kuzindikira zolinga za madalaivala ndipo nthawi zambiri "kuzungulira" mopanda pake injiniyo imathamanga kwambiri.

Kompyutayo imayang'anira ntchito zotumizira zamakono zodziwikiratu, zomwe zimayesa kukhathamiritsa liwiro kuti galimotoyo ikhale yamphamvu mokwanira, koma kumbali ina komanso ndalama. M'magalimoto ambiri, timakhalanso ndi zosankha zoyendetsa galimoto - mwachitsanzo, "zachuma" kapena "masewera", kutengera ngati tikuyendetsa modekha mumzinda kapena kudutsa magalimoto ena pamsewu waukulu. Choncho, ngakhale pa nkhani ya SUVs, amene akuchulukirachulukira ku Poland, mwachitsanzo, magalimoto akuluakulu ndi olemera kuposa tingachipeze powerenga magalimoto yaying'ono, mafuta a chitsanzo anapatsidwa ndi buku kapena kufala basi nthawi zambiri ofanana.

Ma gearbox amakono amagwira ntchito kotero kuti dalaivala nthawi zonse amamva kuti ngati akufunikira (mwachitsanzo, pamene akudutsa), sadzatha mphamvu. Kwa iwo omwe amakonda kuyendetsa bwino komanso kuyamikira kwambiri kudzidalira kumeneku, kufala kosalekeza kosinthika (CVT) ndi njira yabwino kwambiri. Pankhani ya bokosi lamtunduwu, kupezeka kosalekeza kwa mphamvu yayikulu yagalimoto sikutanthauza kukulitsa chilakolako chamafuta.

Magalimoto okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi odziwikiratu amapezeka pamsika: zotengera zachikale zodziwikiratu, zosintha mopanda masitepe kapena ma transmissions apawiri. "Automatic" amasiyana wina ndi mzake mwa magawo, koma ambiri samawonjezera kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndipo alibe zotsatira zenizeni pa ntchito ya galimoto. Komanso, pankhani ya mapangidwe ena, magalimoto okhala ndi zodziwikiratu amatha kukhala okwera mtengo komanso amphamvu kwambiri kuposa anzawo omwe ali ndi kufala kwamanja.

Komabe, kumbukirani kuti galimoto yokhala ndi makina odziyimira pawokha siyenera kukokedwa kapena kukankhidwa. Kuti muyambe, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito batri yowonjezera ndi zingwe zapadera.

Mbiri pang'ono ...

Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa kufala kwagalimoto m'galimoto kunayamba mu 1909. Munthawi yankhondo, kusintha kwa zida zamagetsi kunawoneka ndi mabatani pachiwongolero (Vulcan Electric Gearshift). Kutumiza koyamba kodziwikiratu kodziwikiratu kudakhazikitsidwa mu American Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser mu 1939. Kupatsirana kosalekeza kosalekeza kodziwikiratu kunayamba ku Netherlands mu 1958 (DAF), koma yankho lamtunduwu lidangokulirakulira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX. M'zaka za makumi asanu ndi anayi, kutchuka kwa ma transmissions odziwikiratu kunakula.   

Mitundu yama transmissions zodziwikiratu

AUTOMATIC STAGE AT (automatic transmission)

Lili ndi ma satellites, ma clutches ndi mabandi mabandi. Ndizovuta, zovuta komanso zodula. Magalimoto okhala ndi zida zodziwikiratu zimawotcha mafuta ochulukirapo kuposa magalimoto okhala ndi zida zamabuku.

BEZSTOPNIOWA CVT (kutumiza mosalekeza kosinthika)

Zimagwira ntchito pamaziko a ma pulleys awiri okhala ndi ma circumference osiyanasiyana, pomwe lamba wamitundu yambiri kapena unyolo amayendetsa. Torque imafalitsidwa mosalekeza.

AUTOMATIC AST (Shift Automatic Transmission)

Ichi ndi chikhalidwe kufala Buku ndi actuators ndi mapulogalamu kuti amalola kusintha magiya popanda dalaivala alowererepo. Njirayi ndiyotsika mtengo ndipo imapulumutsa mafuta chifukwa gearbox imatha kusintha magiya nthawi yabwino.

AUTOMATIC DSG DUAL CLUTCH (Direct Shift Transmission)

Mtundu wamakono kwambiri wamagetsi odziwikiratu omwe amatha kutumizira ma torque popanda kusokoneza. Pachifukwa ichi, migwirizano iwiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Iliyonse imathandizira magiya ake. Malingana ndi deta, zamagetsi zimazindikira zolinga za dalaivala.

Malinga ndi katswiri - Marian Ligeza, katswiri pa malonda a magalimoto

Kuphatikizira kufalitsa kwadzidzidzi ndi kuchuluka kwamafuta ndizovuta. Masiku ano "makina odziyimira pawokha" amakulolani kuti musunge mafuta, omwe ndi mwayi wawo waukulu kuwonjezera pa kuwongolera chitonthozo chagalimoto ndikuwongolera chitetezo (woyendetsa amayang'ana pamsewu). Komabe, funso la mtengo wapamwamba limakhalabe, lomwe si aliyense amene ali wokonzeka kuvomereza. Komabe, ngati wogula angakwanitse kulipiritsa, ndi bwino kusankha mtunduwo ndi makina odziyimira pawokha kapena odzichitira okha. Izi sizikugwira ntchito kwa iwo omwe amakonda kudziwa kuchuluka kwa zida. Koma opanga "makina odziyimira pawokha" amaganiziranso za iwo - zotengera zodziwikiratu zimapereka mwayi wosinthira zida zamakina mumayendedwe otsatizana.