Kufala kwadzidzidzi. Kodi kusamalira izo?

Kukumbukira mfundo zingapo zoyendetsera ntchito zotumizira zodziwikiratu kudzapulumutsa mtunda wake wautali ndikuchepetsa ndalama zolipirira.

Mpaka posachedwa, magalimoto onyamula anthu amalumikizidwa ndi madalaivala aku Poland ngati chinthu chadzidzidzi, chokwera mtengo chomwe chimapeŵedwa ngati moto.

Magalimoto okhala ndi zotengera zotere anali ndi mtengo wotsalira wocheperako ndipo, ngakhale mtengo wogulidwa wochepa, zinali zovuta kupeza wogula.

Zinthu zasintha posachedwa. Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa momveka bwino kukula kwa malonda a magalimoto okhala ndi zodziwikiratu m'magawo onse amsika.

Kuchokera pamagalimoto apamwamba ndi masewera mpaka magalimoto ang'onoang'ono amzindawu, madalaivala ochulukirachulukira amayamikira chitonthozo cha makina odzichitira okha. Komanso, kuyambira kutchuka kwa wapawiri-clutch transmissions basi, madalaivala atha kusangalala kusuntha zazikulu ndi kumwa mafuta pa mlingo wa transmissions Buku, amene kwambiri kukodzedwa wosuta m'munsi. Komabe, sitingatsutse kuti kulephera kwa gearbox kumafunikabe kuganizira mtengo wa kukonza nthawi zina, kapena ngakhale kangapo kuposa momwe zilili ndi bokosi la gearbox. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, zolephera zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha zolakwika zogwirira ntchito komanso kunyalanyaza koyenera kwa nthawi ndi nthawi.

Kufala kwadzidzidzi - muyenera kukumbukira izi 

Ndiye momwe mungasamalire zodziwikiratu kuti zititumikire kwa nthawi yayitali komanso mosalephera?

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri - kusintha mafuta. Kaya tikuchita ndi chosinthira ma torque kapena kutumizira ma clutch apawiri, ichi ndiye chofunikira.

Mafutawa ali ndi udindo wopaka mafuta onse, amachotsa kutentha kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito, ndipo kukakamizidwa kwake koyenera kumafunika kuwongolera magiya.

Choncho, m'pofunika kufufuza nthawi zonse momwe mafuta alili ndikusintha nthawi zonse.

Mafutawo ayenera kusankhidwa kuti aperekedwe kwapadera, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa mu bukhu la galimoto. Mukhozanso kudalira ntchito yapadera yomwe idzasankhe mafuta oyenera. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa mafuta osasankhidwa bwino amatha kuwononga kwambiri.

Ngakhale buku la galimoto silikunena kuti mafuta ayenera kusinthidwa, ayenera kusinthidwa kuti apindule ndi kufalitsa ndi chikwama chanu, osapitirira nthawi ya 50-60 zikwi. km. mtunda. Malo ogwirira ntchito omwe amagwira ntchito yotumizira mafuta odziwikiratu amawonetsa bwino ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi moyo wochepetsera kwambiri wotumizira. Zovuta zogwirira ntchito komanso kutentha kwambiri m'dongosololi kumabweretsa kuwonongeka ndi kuwonongeka kwa fakitale yamafuta pakapita nthawi.

Kuphatikiza apo, mafutawo amadyetsedwa m'bokosi kudzera munjira zoonda kwambiri, zomwe zimatha kutsekedwa ndi madipoziti pakapita nthawi. Chochititsa chidwi, opanga gearbox amalangizanso kusintha mafuta 50-60 zikwi. km. Nanga n’cifukwa ciani wopanga magalimoto amadzitama kuti sasintha? Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi ndondomeko yosamalira yekha kasitomala woyamba amene adagula galimoto mu malo ogulitsa magalimoto. Bokosi lokhala ndi mafuta osasinthidwa pa nthawi lidzatha 150-200 zikwi zisanayambe kukonzanso kwakukulu. km. Wopanga amadzitamandira mtengo wotsika mtengo, ndipo tsogolo la galimotoyo mumsika wachiwiri pambuyo pa mtunda wotchulidwawo sakhalanso ndi chidwi kwa iye.

Kusintha mafuta okha sikophweka monga kusintha mafuta a injini. Ngati ntchitoyo ikusintha mafuta ndi mphamvu yokoka, ndiye kuti iyenera kupewedwa ndi malo ambiri. Njirayi imakhetsa pafupifupi 50% yamafuta, pomwe dongosololi lipitiliza kuzungulira lachiwiri, loipitsidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito 50% yamafuta. Njira yokhayo yolondola yosinthira mafuta mu "makina" ndi njira yamphamvu. Zimaphatikizapo kugwirizanitsa chipangizo chapadera ku bokosi, lomwe, pansi pa kukakamizidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyenera, limatsuka bokosi lonse ndi njira zonse zamafuta.

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Mafuta onse akale ndi ma depositi amatsukidwa, ndipo mulingo woyenera wa firiji wosankhidwa kale umatsanuliridwa m'bokosi. Pamapeto pake, ntchitoyo, ngati n'kotheka m'bokosi ili, idzalowa m'malo mwa fyuluta. Mtengo wa kusinthanitsa kosunthika kopanda zida ndi pafupifupi 500-600 PLN. Njira yonseyi imatenga pafupifupi maola 4-8. Mtengo wazinthu ukhoza kuyerekezedwa pa PLN 600, koma umasintha ndipo zimatengera mtundu wamagetsi. Ndikoyeneranso kukhala ndi cheke pamakina pamayendedwe aliwonse aukadaulo agalimoto kuti awone ngati mafuta akutuluka m'bokosi, zomwe zitha kukulitsa mkhalidwe wake ndikulephera.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma automatic transmission

Chinthu chinanso chofunikira chotalikitsa moyo wamagetsi odziyimira pawokha ndikukonza koyenera. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kupewa zolakwika zingapo zomwe zingachepetse kwambiri mtunda wa gearbox musanayambe kukonzanso.

Mfundo yofunika kwambiri yoyendetsera galimotoyo, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayiwalika ndi madalaivala omwe amayendetsa magalimoto mwachangu, ndikusintha njira zopatsirana pokhapokha galimoto ikangoyima ndi brake pedal itakhumudwa. Choopsa kwambiri ndicho kusintha kuchokera ku "D" kupita ku "R" mode ndi mosemphanitsa, pamene galimotoyo ikugwedezeka, ngakhale pang'onopang'ono. Pankhaniyi, zigawo zopatsirana zimafalitsa mphamvu zapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zingayambitse kulephera kwakukulu. Mofananamo, mukayatsa "P" mode pamene galimoto ikuyenda. Bokosi la gear limatha kutseka zida zamakono, zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu kapena kuwononga kwathunthu kwa gearbox.

Komanso, zimitsani injini mwa "P" akafuna. Kuzimitsa pa malo ena aliwonse kumalepheretsa zokometsera zomwe zimazungulirabe, zomwe zimafupikitsanso moyo wadongosolo.

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti zotumizira zamakono nthawi zambiri zimakhala kale ndi makina osankhidwa amagetsi omwe amalepheretsa makhalidwe oipa omwe afotokozedwa pamwambapa. Komabe, muyenera kukhala tcheru ndikukhala ndi zizolowezi zabwino zosamalira, makamaka poyendetsa galimoto yokhala ndi ma transmission azaka zakale.

Tiyeni tipitirire ku zolakwika zina za exopathy. Cholakwika chofala komanso chodziwika bwino ndikusamutsa njira yotumizira "N" muyimirira mumsewu, mukamakwera mabuleki kapena mukutsika.

Muzodziwikiratu, mukamasintha kuchoka ku "D" kupita ku "N", payenera kukhala kulunjika kwakuthwa kwa liwiro la zinthu zozungulira, zomwe zimafulumizitsa kuvala kwawo. Makamaka, kusankha pafupipafupi, kwakanthawi kochepa kachitidwe ka "N" kumayambitsa kubweza zomwe zimatchedwa. splines kulumikiza zinthu za torque converter.

Dziwani kuti mu "N" mode, kuthamanga kwa mafuta mu gearbox ndi otsika kwambiri, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zosowa za kufala panthawi yopuma. Kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi poyendetsa kumabweretsa kusakwanira kwamafuta ndi kuziziritsa kwa dongosolo, zomwe zingayambitsenso vuto lalikulu.

Tiyeneranso kupewa kukanikizira ma brake pedal pamodzi ndi gasi kuti tiyambitse bwino komanso mwachangu kuchokera paroboti. Izi zimabweretsa kutentha kwakukulu m'bokosi, komwe kumayenera kutumiza torque yonse yomwe nthawi zambiri imapita kumawilo.

Ndi zoletsedwa kuyambitsa galimoto ndi "kunyada" basi. Sizidzangogwira ntchito chifukwa cha mapangidwe a kufalitsa, koma tikhoza kuwononga nthawi, galimoto yonse, komanso chothandizira, chomwe chidzawonongeke pamene mafuta amalowa mu dongosolo lotayira.

Pamalo otsetsereka, kuphatikiza kupeŵa zida zosalowerera ndale zomwe zatchulidwa kale, magiya a braking ayenera kugwiritsidwanso ntchito. M'magalimoto atsopano, timangotsika pansi pamanja, zomwe sizingalole kuti galimoto ifulumire kwambiri, mwa okalamba, tikhoza kuchepetsa pa 2 kapena 3rd gear, zomwe zidzathetsere ma brake system.

Tiyeneranso kusamala tikamakumba m’chipale chofewa kapena mchenga. Njira yodziwika ndi ma transmissions manual, otchedwa akugwedeza galimoto "pa chibelekero", pazochitika zowonongeka, zimakhala zosatheka. Monga tafotokozera, kusuntha kwachangu / kubwerera kumbuyo kudzasintha magiya pamene galimoto idakalipo, ndikuyika kupsinjika kwakukulu kowononga dongosolo. Njira yokhayo, yotetezeka, yodzipangira nokha ndikutsitsa pamanja ndikuyesera kutuluka pang'onopang'ono mumsampha wamatope.

Komanso, samalani poyesa kukoka ngolo yokhala ndi galimoto yotumizira anthu. Choyamba, muyenera kuyang'ana ngati wopanga amalola izi, ndipo ngati zitero, ndiye kuti muyenera kumamatira kulemera kololedwa kwa ngolo. Kupanda kutero, titha kutenthetsanso ndikuletsa kutumiza.

Izi zikufanana ndi kukoka galimoto yowonongeka pa "automatic".

Apanso, muyenera kuyang'ana mu bukhuli zomwe wopanga amalola. Nthawi zambiri amalola kukoka pa liwiro lotsika (40-50 km/h) kwa mtunda wosapitirira 40 km, malinga ngati titha kusiya injini ikuyenda m'galimoto yowonongeka panthawi yokokera. Monga tikudziwira kale, injini yothamanga imalola mafuta kuti azitsitsimutsa mbali zosuntha za gearbox ndikuchotsa kutentha kwadongosolo. Ngati galimotoyo ili ndi vuto la injini, tikhoza kukokera galimoto kwa mtunda waufupi, osapitirira 40 km / h. Komabe, njira yabwino kwambiri ndiyo kukoka gulugufeyo, kupachika galimotoyo pafupi ndi chitsulo choyendetsa galimoto kapena kukweza galimotoyo pagalimoto yokokera. Njira yomaliza ndiyo njira yokhayo yovomerezeka ngati kukokera ndi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa gearbox palokha.

Mwachidule, potsatira mfundo za kukonzanso ndi ntchito zomwe zafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi, tikhoza kupereka bokosi lathu la gear ngakhale makilomita zikwi mazana angapo a galimoto yopanda vuto, mosasamala kanthu kuti galimoto yathu ili ndi chosinthira torque, clutch wapawiri kapena mosalekeza. kufala kosinthika. Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yopanda mavuto, kufalikira kwadzidzidzi kudzatithokoza ndi chitonthozo cha kukwera, komanso pankhani yamitundu iwiri yolumikizira, yokhala ndi liwiro losunthika pamlingo wa dalaivala wodziwa bwino ndi zimango.

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