Makinawa kapena makaniko: chabwino

Posankha galimoto yatsopano, mtundu wa gearbox womwe umayikidwapo umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Mpaka pano, zotumizira zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zitha kugawidwa m'mawu odziwikiratu komanso amanja. Ndi mtundu wanji wamtundu wa gearbox, ndi makhalidwe ati abwino ndi oipa? Ndi ziti mwa zotumizirazi zomwe zitha kukhala zabwinoko? Tidzapenda nkhani zimenezi m’nkhaniyo.

Zimango: kudalirika ndi chuma

Kutumiza kwamanja ndi imodzi mwamitundu yakale kwambiri yotumizira. Apa, dalaivala akukhudzidwa mwachindunji posankha zida. Kusintha kwa zida kumachitika ndi dalaivala pogwiritsa ntchito makina osankhidwa a zida ndi ma synchronizer, chifukwa chake kufalikira kumatchedwa gearbox manual.

Kuyendetsa nthawi zambiri kumayamba ndi zida zoyambira, ndipo magiya otsatira amasankhidwa kutengera liwiro lapano, injini rpm ndi momwe msewu ulili. Kusintha kwa zida kumachitika panthawi yolekanitsa injini ndi bokosi la gear pogwiritsa ntchito clutch.

Makokedwe mu buku kufala amasintha pang'onopang'ono, ndipo motero kufala palokha amaonedwa "stepwise". Kutengera kuchuluka kwa magiya, ma gearbox ndi 4-liwiro, 5-liwiro, 6-liwiro ndi apamwamba. Chodziwika kwambiri chinali 5-speed manual transmission.

Kutengera kuchuluka kwa ma shafts, ma gearbox amakina a shaft awiri ndi atatu amasiyanitsidwa. Zoyambazo zimayikidwa pamagalimoto oyendetsa kutsogolo komanso magalimoto oyendetsa kumbuyo omwe ali ndi injini yosinthira, omalizirawo - pamagalimoto akumbuyo ndi magalimoto okhala ndi injini yoyaka mkati mwautali.

Makina odzichitira okha: chitonthozo ndi zosavuta

Pakutumiza kodziwikiratu, ntchito ya clutch imaperekedwa kwa chosinthira makokedwe, ndipo zida zowongolera zamagetsi ndi ma actuators ndi omwe ali ndi udindo wosinthira zida: ziwombankhanga, ma brake a band, ndi zina zambiri.

Dalaivala amasankha njira yoyendetsera ntchito yotumizira komanso njira yoyendera pogwiritsa ntchito chosankha chamagetsi chomwe chimayikidwa m'galimoto. Mukayika makina pamagalimoto oyendetsa kutsogolo, mapangidwe a gearbox amathandizidwa ndi zida zazikulu ndi kusiyanitsa.

Kutumiza kwamakono kodziwikiratu kumakhala kosinthika, ndiko kuti, makina awo apakompyuta ali ndi "memory" yamayendedwe a dalaivala. Pasanathe ola limodzi, zodziwikiratu zidzasintha momwe mumayendetsera.

Pali mitundu iyi ya kufala zodziwikiratu: kufala hydromechanical (zodziwikiratu tingachipeze powerenga), kufala pamanja ndi zowomba awiri, kufala loboti ndi mosalekeza zosintha zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, kufala kwadzidzidzi nthawi zonse kumatanthauza bokosi la gearbox la hydromechanical.

Kupatsirana modzidzimutsa kapena kufalitsa kwamanja

Tiyeni tipange kufananiza khalidwe la mitundu iwiri ya kufala kwa ubwino ndi kuipa. Tidzatenga njira zotsatirazi monga maziko: mtengo, kukonza ndi kukonza, kuyendetsa bwino ndi kuthamanga, kudalirika, moyo wautumiki, nyengo yoyendetsa galimoto yozizira, chitonthozo, kumamatira ndi injini yamoyo ndi khalidwe la galimoto pamsewu.

Mtengo wa funso

Pamtengo wake, zodziwikiratu ndizokwera mtengo kuposa zimango. Ndipo mafuta pa makina adzakhala 10-15% kuposa zimango. Kwenikweni, izi zikugwiranso ntchito pakuyendetsa mzinda, kunja kwa mzinda kusiyana kwamafuta kudzakhala kochepa.

Kukonza ndi kukonza

Kukonza ndi kukonza galimoto yokhala ndi makina odziwikiratu kudzakhala okwera mtengo kwambiri. Makina odzipangira okha amafuna mafuta ambiri kuposa makaniko, ndipo amawononga ndalama zambiri. Fyuluta yamafuta imafunikanso kusinthidwa. Poyerekeza ndi zotengera zodziwikiratu, kufalitsa kwamanja ndikosavuta kusamalira ndipo sikufuna zinthu zotsika mtengo komanso zosinthira.

Kuchita bwino ndi kufulumizitsa

Kuthamanga kwamphamvu kwa kufalitsa kwamanja ndikwabwinoko kuposa kufalitsa kodziwikiratu, ndipo mphamvu zamakina ndizokwera. The gearbox manual imapangitsa kuzindikira mphamvu zonse za injini ndi torque yake. Kupatulapo ndi ma robotic transmissions okhala ndi zingwe ziwiri.

Kudalirika

Kuphweka kwa chipangizocho poyerekeza ndi makina odzipangira okha amalola makinawo kuti adzitengere mutu wa kutumiza kodalirika. Kukoka mtunda wautali ndi chowongoka chokhazikika kapena chokhazikika ndizotheka kokha pamagalimoto okhala ndi ma transmission pamanja. Ndikoyenera kunyamula galimoto yokhala ndi makina odziwikiratu okha ndi ngolo. Kugwira ntchito kwa galimoto yokhala ndi makina, poyenda m'malo oundana, pamatope komanso panjira, kudzakhala bwino poyerekeza ndi mfuti yamakina.

Moyo wothandizira

Ndipo muyeso uwu umalankhula mokomera zimango, moyo wautumiki womwe ndi wapamwamba. Mabokosi ena amawotchi amatha kugwira ntchito ngakhale atalephera "mbadwa" injini yagalimoto. Zomwe sitinganene za kufala kwadzidzidzi, zomwe zidzatha mpaka kukonzanso.

Kuyendetsa m'nyengo yozizira

Ndikosavuta kuyendetsa galimoto yokhala ndi umakaniko pamalo oterera komanso kutsetsereka pachipale chofewa. Kwa makina, izi sizofunikira - mafuta otumizira amatha kutenthedwa.

Chifukwa chake, pazinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi zomwe zikuganiziridwa (mtengo, kukonza ndi kukonza, kuchita bwino ndi kuthamangitsa, kudalirika, moyo wautumiki, nyengo yoyendetsa yozizira), kufalitsa kwamanja kumapambana. Tiyeni tiwone momwe makinawo amayankhira.

Kutonthoza

Makina odziyimira pawokha amakhala ndi chitonthozo chapamwamba kuposa chimango. Ngakhale dalaivala wosadziwa amatha kuyenda modekha komanso popanda ma jerks, popanda kupanga mwadzidzidzi. Komano, zimango zimafuna kuti woyendetsa aziika maganizo pa zinthu zambiri komanso aziganizira kwambiri. Kusintha kwanthawi zonse giya komanso kufunikira kovutitsa nthawi zonse mayendedwe a clutch, makamaka mumsewu wamagalimoto, amatopetsa dalaivala.

Engine ndi zowalamulira gwero

Pankhani imeneyi, makina odziwikiratu amapambananso: amawongolera liwiro ndipo salola kuti injini itenthe. Pa zimango, ngati magiya asinthidwa molakwika, mota imatha kudzaza. Oyamba akhoza kuyiwala komanso osasintha zida kuchokera kumunsi kupita kumtunda mu nthawi, kukakamiza injini kuti igwire ntchito yowonjezereka.

Zomwezo zimapitanso ku clutch. M'galimoto yokhala ndi kufala kwadzidzidzi, palibe chifukwa chokhalira kusokoneza clutch.

Makhalidwe agalimoto pamsewu

Galimoto yokhala ndi gearbox yodziwikiratu imayenda bwino, popanda kugwedezeka, sikugudubuza paphiri. Makina odziyimira pawokha ali ndi "parking" mode, momwe injini imachotsedwa pamayendedwe, ndipo shaft yotulutsa bokosi imatsekedwa mwamakina. Njirayi imalola makina kuti asungidwe bwino.

Chabwino, atatu motsutsana ndi asanu ndi mmodzi! Kodi zimango zili bwino kuposa mfuti yamakina? Mwina. Koma Madivelopa samayima ndikubwera ndi mitundu yatsopano komanso yowonjezereka yamagetsi odziwikiratu. Ngati, mwachitsanzo, mathamangitsidwe a galimoto amatengedwa ngati muyezo, ndiye zimango Imathandizira mofulumira kuposa tingachipeze powerenga makina basi, ndi variator bokosi mawu a dzuwa si otsika kufala Buku, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kuposa izo.

Pomaliza

Ndi gearbox iti yomwe muyenera kusankha? Palibe mgwirizano pa funso ili. Zonse zimatengera zomwe dalaivala amaika patsogolo, komanso momwe angayendetsere galimotoyo. Ngati mukukonzekera kuyendetsa mozungulira mzinda wokhala ndi magalimoto ambiri, ndiye kuti njira yabwino kwambiri ingakhale makina odziwikiratu. Mukamayendetsa kunja kwa mzindawo, malo onse awiriwa ndi ovomerezeka. Ndipo kugwira ntchito kwa makina mumsewu wovuta kumapereka chisankho chokomera zimango.

Masiku ano, zothandiza kwambiri ndi kufala kwamanja. Koma makinawo sakhala kumbuyo, amakhala angwiro komanso odalirika chaka ndi chaka. Ngati chitonthozo ndi kuphunzira mwachangu kuyendetsa zili pamalo oyamba kwa inu, sankhani makina odziwikiratu. Ngati mukufuna kumva liwiro ndi kupota injini mpaka malire - kugula galimoto ndi kufala Buku.

Ndipo mutha kumvetseranso makina osakanizidwa a makina odziwikiratu ndi makina - bokosi la gearbox lawiri, lomwe limaphatikizapo ubwino waukulu wa mauthenga onse awiri. M'badwo watsopano gearbox alibe chopondapo zowalamulira, magiya kusintha basi, koma mfundo ntchito ndi ofanana ndi gearbox Buku.