AVT5598 - 12V Solar Charger

Ma module a Photovoltaic akukhala otsika mtengo ndipo motero akukhala otchuka kwambiri. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kulipiritsa mabatire, mwachitsanzo, m'nyumba ya dziko kapena pakompyuta. Chipangizo chofotokozedwacho ndi chowongolera chowongolera kuti chizigwira ntchito ndi magetsi olowera omwe amasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Zitha kukhala zothandiza pamalowo, pamalo a msasa kapena pamalo amsasa.

1. Chithunzi chojambula cha charger cha solar

Dongosololi limagwiritsidwa ntchito kulipiritsa batire la lead-acid (mwachitsanzo, gel) mu buffer mode, i.e. ikafika pamagetsi okhazikika, ndalama zolipirira zimayamba kugwa. Zotsatira zake, batire nthawi zonse imakhala mu standby mode. Magetsi opangira ma charger amatha kusiyanasiyana mkati mwa 4 ... 25 V.

Kutha kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa dzuwa kolimba komanso kofooka kumawonjezera nthawi yolipira patsiku. Kuthamanga kwamagetsi kumadalira kwambiri mphamvu yamagetsi, koma yankho ili lili ndi ubwino wongochepetsa mphamvu yowonjezereka kuchokera ku solar module.

Dera la charger likuwonetsedwa mkuyu. 1. Gwero lamagetsi la DC ndi chosinthira cha SEPIC topology chotengera MC34063A yotsika mtengo komanso yodziwika bwino. Zimagwira ntchito mofanana ndi kiyi. Ngati voteji yomwe imaperekedwa kwa wofananira (pini 5) ndiyotsika kwambiri, chosinthira cholumikizira chomangidwira chimayamba kugwira ntchito ndikudzaza kosalekeza komanso pafupipafupi. Kugwira ntchito kumayima ngati votejiyi ipitilira mphamvu yamagetsi (nthawi zambiri 1,25 V).

SEPIC topology converters, yomwe imatha kukweza ndikutsitsa mphamvu yamagetsi, nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito owongolera omwe amatha kusintha makiyi achinsinsi. Kugwiritsa ntchito MC34063A pagawoli ndi yankho lanthawi zonse, koma - monga zikuwonetsedwa ndi kuyesa kwa prototype - zokwanira pakugwiritsa ntchito izi. Chotsatira china chinali mtengo, womwe pa MC34063A ndiwotsika kwambiri kuposa olamulira a PWM.

Ma capacitor awiri C1 ndi C2 olumikizidwa mofanana amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kukana kwamkati kwa magetsi monga photovoltaic module. Kulumikizana kofananira kumachepetsa zomwe zimayambira parasitic magawo monga kukana ndi inductance. Resistor R1 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa zomwe zikuchitika pakali pano mpaka pafupifupi 0,44A. Zapamwamba zamakono zimatha kuchititsa kuti dera lophatikizidwa liwonjezeke. Capacitor C3 imayika ma frequency ogwiritsira ntchito pafupifupi 80 kHz.

Inductors L1 ndi L2 ndi chifukwa capacitance capacitors C4-C6 amasankhidwa kuti Converter akhoza kugwira ntchito mu osiyanasiyana kwambiri voteji. Kulumikizana kofanana kwa ma capacitor kumayenera kuchepetsa ESR ndi ESL.

Diode LED1 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa magwiridwe antchito a wowongolera. Ngati ndi choncho, ndiye kuti chigawo chosinthika cha voteji chimayikidwa pa koyilo L2, yomwe imatha kuwonedwa ndi kuwala kwa diode iyi. Imayatsidwa ndikukanikiza batani la S1 kuti isawala mopanda nzeru nthawi zonse. Resistor R3 imachepetsa zomwe zilipo pafupifupi 2 mA, ndipo D1 imateteza diode ya LED kuti isawonongeke chifukwa cha magetsi othamanga kwambiri. Resistor R4 imawonjezedwa kuti ikhale yosasunthika bwino pakugwiritsa ntchito pakali pano komanso magetsi otsika. Imayamwa mphamvu zina zomwe koyilo ya L2 imapereka pakunyamula. Zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito, koma ndi ang'onoang'ono - mtengo wogwira ntchito wapano womwe ukudutsamo ndi ma milliamps ochepa chabe.

Ma capacitors C8 ndi C9 amathandizira kuti ma ripple apano aperekedwa kudzera mu diode D2. Resistive divider R5-R7 imayika voliyumu yotulutsa pafupifupi 13,5V, yomwe ndi voteji yoyenera pa ma terminals a 12V gel batire panthawi ya buffer. Mphamvu yamagetsiyi iyenera kusiyanasiyana pang'ono ndi kutentha, koma izi zasiyidwa kuti dongosolo likhale losavuta. Wogawira wotsutsa uyu amanyamula batire yolumikizidwa nthawi zonse, chifukwa chake iyenera kukhala yolimba kwambiri.

Capacitor C7 imachepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imawonedwa ndi wofananirayo ndikuchepetsa kuyankha kwa loop ya mayankho. Popanda izo, batire ikatha, mphamvu yotulutsa imatha kupitilira mtengo wotetezeka wa electrolytic capacitors, i.e. kuthawa. Kuphatikiza kwa capacitor iyi kumapangitsa kuti dongosololi lisiye kusintha makiyi nthawi ndi nthawi.

Chojambuliracho chimayikidwa pa bolodi losindikizidwa ndi mbali imodzi yokhala ndi miyeso ya 89 × 27 mm, chithunzi cha msonkhano chomwe chikuwonetsedwa mkuyu. chithunzi 2. Zinthu zonse zili m'mabowo, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri ngakhale kwa anthu omwe alibe chidziwitso chochuluka ndi chitsulo chosungunulira. Ndikupangira kuti musagwiritse ntchito socket ya IC chifukwa izi zidzakulitsa kukana kwa maulumikizidwe a switch transistor.

2. Chithunzi choyika chala cha solar

Chipangizo chophatikizidwa bwino chimakhala chokonzeka kugwira ntchito ndipo sichifuna kutumidwa. Monga gawo la kuwongolera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito voteji nthawi zonse pazolowera zake ndikuwongolera mumtundu womwe wapatsidwa 4 ... 20 V, powona kuwerengedwa kwa voltmeter yolumikizidwa ndi zomwe zatuluka. Iyenera kusintha sawtooth pafupifupi 18 ... 13,5 V. Mtengo woyamba umagwirizana ndi kulipiritsa ma capacitors ndipo siwovuta, koma pa 13,5 V wotembenuza ayenera kugwira ntchito kachiwiri.

Kuthamanga kwamagetsi kumadalira mtengo wamakono wamagetsi olowetsamo, popeza mphamvu yolowetsayo imakhala yochepa pafupifupi 0,44 A. Miyezo yasonyeza kuti batire yoyimbira panopa imasiyana kuchokera pafupifupi 50 mA (4 V) kufika pafupifupi 0,6 A.A pamagetsi a 20 V. Mutha kuchepetsa mtengowu powonjezera kukana kwa R1, komwe nthawi zina kumakhala koyenera kwa mabatire ang'onoang'ono (2 Ah).

Chojambuliracho chimasinthidwa kuti chigwire ntchito ndi gawo la photovoltaic ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ya 12 V. Voltages mpaka 20 ... 22 V ikhoza kukhalapo pazotsatira zake ndikugwiritsa ntchito pang'onopang'ono, choncho, ma capacitor omwe amasinthidwa ndi magetsi a 25 V amaikidwa. Zotayika ndizokwera kwambiri kotero kuti batire silimangika.

Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino charger, lumikizani gawo ndi mphamvu ya 10 W kapena kupitilira apo. Pokhala ndi mphamvu zochepa, batire idzalipiranso, koma pang'onopang'ono.

Mndandanda wa zigawo zikuluzikulu:

Zotsutsa:

R1: 0,68 ohms / 1 watt

R2: 180 ohms / 0,25 watt

R3: 6,8 kΩ / 0,25 W

R4: 2,2 kΩ / 0,25 W

R5: 68 kΩ / 0,25 W

R6: 30 kΩ / 0,25 W

R7: 10 kΩ / 0,25 W

Ma capacitors:

C1, C2, C8, C9: 220 μF/25 V

C3: 330 pF (zadothi)

C4…C6: 2,2 μF/50 V (MKT R = 5 mm)

C7: 1 μF/50 V (monolit.)

Semiconductors:

D1: 1H4148

D2: 1H5819

LED1: 5mm LED, mwachitsanzo wobiriwira

US1: MC34063A(DIP8)

zina:

J1, J2: ARK2/5mm cholumikizira

L1, L2: Choke 220uH (Oima)

S1: lophimba yaying'ono 6×6/13mm