Austin Armored Car yopangidwa ndi kampani yaku Britain "Austin"
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Austin Armored Car yopangidwa ndi kampani yaku Britain "Austin"
Kuchita bwino kwa magalimoto okhala ndi zida panthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse kunawonetsedwa ndi a Germany. Russia yayambanso kupanga zida zamtunduwu. Komabe, panthawiyo, mphamvu ya galimoto yokhayo ya Russia-Baltic, yomwe inapanga magalimoto, siinali yokwanira kuti ikwaniritse zosowa za asilikali, ngakhale m'galimoto zoyendera. Mu August 1914, bungwe lapadera logula zinthu linakhazikitsidwa, lomwe linanyamuka kupita ku England kukagula zipangizo zamagalimoto ndi katundu, kuphatikizapo magalimoto onyamula zida. Asanachoke, zofunikira zaukadaulo ndiukadaulo zagalimoto yankhondo zidapangidwa. Choncho, magalimoto onyamula zida amayenera kukhala ndi malo opingasa, ndipo zida zamfuti zinali ndi mfuti ziwiri zomwe zili munsanja ziwiri zomwe zimazungulira popanda wina ndi mzake. Komiti yogula ya General Sekretev sinaulule zomwe zikuchitika ku England. M'dzinja la 1914, British zida zonse mwachisawawa, popanda chitetezo yopingasa ndi nsanja. Galimoto yayikulu kwambiri yankhondo yaku Britain ya Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse, Rolls-Royce, yomwe inali ndi chitetezo chopingasa, koma turret imodzi yokhala ndi mfuti yamakina idawoneka mu Disembala.
Magalimoto onyamula zida "Austin" mndandanda woyambaMaziko a galimoto yokhala ndi zida anali chassis, yopangidwa ndi a Colonial passenger car company yokhala ndi 30 hp engine. Injiniyo inali ndi carburetor ya Kleydil ndi maginito a Bosch. Kutumiza ku chitsulo chakumbuyo kunkachitika pogwiritsa ntchito cardan shaft, clutch system inali chikopa chachikopa. Gearbox inali ndi liwiro la 4 kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kumodzi. Magudumu - matabwa, kukula kwa matayala - 895x135. Galimotoyo inali yotetezedwa ndi zida za 3,5-4 mm wandiweyani, wopangidwa ku fakitale ya Vickers, ndipo kulemera kwake kunali 2666 kg. Zidazo zinali ndi mfuti ziwiri za 7,62-mm "Maxim" M.10 zokhala ndi zida za 6000, zomangidwa munsanja ziwiri zozungulira, zomwe zimayikidwa mu ndege yopingasa ndikukhala ndi kuwombera kwa 240 °. Ogwira ntchitowo anali ndi wamkulu - wapolisi wamkulu, dalaivala - wogwirizira ndi mfuti ziwiri zamakina - wapolisi wocheperako komanso wogwirizira.
Austin adalandira dongosolo la magalimoto 48 okhala ndi zida zamtunduwu pa Seputembara 29, 1914. Galimoto iliyonse imawononga £1150. Ku Russia, magalimoto okhala ndi zida izi adakonzedwanso pang'ono ndi zida za 7 mm: zida zankhondo zidasinthidwa pa turrets ndi mbale yakutsogolo. Mwanjira iyi, magalimoto okhala ndi zida za Austin adapita kunkhondo. Komabe, zida zoyamba zidawonetsa kusakwanira kwa kusungitsa. Kuyambira ndi makina a gulu la 13, ma Austin onse a mndandanda woyamba adalowa mu Izhora chomera ndipo adagonjetsa zida zonse, kenako adasamutsidwa kwa asilikali. Ndipo magalimoto onyamula zida kale kutsogolo pang'onopang'ono anakumbukira Petrograd m'malo zida.
Mwachiwonekere, kuwonjezeka kwa makulidwe a zida zankhondo kunaphatikizapo kuwonjezeka kwa misa, zomwe zinakhudza kwambiri makhalidwe awo omwe analipo kale. Kuphatikiza apo, pamagalimoto ena omenyera nkhondo, kupatuka kwa mafelemu kumawonedwa. Choyipa chachikulu chinali mawonekedwe a denga la kanyumba ka dalaivala, zomwe zidachepetsa gawo lakutsogolo la mfuti zamakina.
Magalimoto onyamula zida "Austin" mndandanda woyambaKumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1915, zinaonekeratu kuti magalimoto onyamula zida omwe analamulidwa ku England sanali okwanira pa zosowa za asilikali. Ndipo Komiti ya Boma la Anglo-Russian ku London idalangizidwa kuti ipange mapangano omanga magalimoto owonjezera okhala ndi zida malinga ndi ntchito zaku Russia. Mu nthawi ya June mpaka December anakonza kumanga 236 oti muli nazo zida asilikali Russian, koma kwenikweni 161 opangidwa, amene 60 anali a mndandanda 2.
Lamulo la galimoto yatsopano yonyamula zida, yomwe chitukuko chake chinaganizira zofooka za mndandanda wa 1, chinaperekedwa pa March 6, 1915. Chassis yagalimoto ya tani 1,5 yokhala ndi injini ya 50 hp idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko. Chimango cha chassis ndi kusiyanitsa zidalimbikitsidwa. Magalimoto awa sanafunikire kukonzedwanso, chifukwa ziboliboli zawo zidakokedwa kuchokera ku mbale zankhondo zokulirapo za 7 mm. Maonekedwe a denga la nyumbayo anasinthidwa, koma chibolibolicho chinafupikitsidwa pang’ono, zimene zinapangitsa kuti m’chipinda chomenyeramo anthu muchulukane. Kumbuyo kwa galimotoyo kunalibe zitseko (pamene magalimoto a mndandanda wa 1 anali nawo), zomwe zinasokoneza kwambiri kukwera ndi kutsika kwa ogwira ntchito, popeza khomo limodzi lokha kumanzere linapangidwira izi.
Pakati pa zofooka za magalimoto okhala ndi zida zamagulu awiriwa, munthu angatchule kusowa kwa malo olamulira okhwima. Pa "Austins" ya mndandanda wachiwiri, idakhazikitsidwa ndi magulu ankhondo ndi Reserve Armored Company, pomwe magalimoto onyamula zida analinso ndi khomo lakumbuyo. Kotero, mu "Journal of the Army operations" ya 2th machine-guns platoon akuti: "Pa March 4, 1916, ulamuliro wachiwiri (kumbuyo) pa galimoto ya Chert unatha. Kuwongolera kuli kofanana ndi galimoto "Chernomor" kudzera pa chingwe chochokera pansi pa chiwongolero chakumbuyo kupita ku khoma lakumbuyo la galimoto, kumene chiwongolerocho chimapangidwa.". Magalimoto onyamula zida "Austin" mndandanda woyambaPa Ogasiti 25, 1916, magalimoto ena 60 a Austin okhala ndi zida zamtundu wachitatu adalamulidwa. Magalimoto atsopano okhala ndi zida adaganizira kwambiri zomwe zidachitika pakugwiritsa ntchito zida ziwiri zoyambirira. Kulemera kwake kunali matani 3, mphamvu ya injini inali yofanana - 5,3 hp. Magalimoto okhala ndi zida zamtundu wa 50 anali ndi positi yowongolera komanso magalasi otchingira zipolopolo pamalo owonera. Apo ayi, makhalidwe awo luso lofanana magalimoto oti muli nazo zida za mndandanda 3.
Mu 1916, "Austin Series 3" inayamba kutumiza, ndipo m'chilimwe cha 1917, magalimoto onse onyamula zida anafika ku Russia. Zinakonzedwa kuti zikhazikitse dongosolo la makina ena 70 a mndandanda wachitatu, wokhala ndi mawilo apawiri akumbuyo ndi chimango cholimbikitsidwa, ndi tsiku loperekera la September 3. Zolinga izi sizinakwaniritsidwe, ngakhale kampaniyo idalandira dongosolo la magalimoto okhala ndi zida ndikutulutsa ena mwa iwo. Mu April 1917, gulu lankhondo la 1918 la British tank Corps linapangidwa kuchokera ku 16 magalimoto onyamula zida. Magalimotowa anali ndi mfuti za 17mm Hotchkiss. Anaona zochitika ku France m’chilimwe cha 8.
Monga tafotokozera koyambirira kwa nkhaniyi patsamba lathu la pro-tank.ru, Austin analinso muutumiki ndi ankhondo akunja. Magalimoto awiri okhala ndi zida zamtundu wa 3, omwe adatumizidwa ku 1918 kuchokera ku Petrograd kuti akathandize alonda aku Finnish Red, anali muutumiki ndi gulu lankhondo la Finnish mpaka m'ma 20s. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20, ma Austin awiri (kapena atatu) adalandiridwa ndi gulu lankhondo lakuMongolia la Sukhe Bator. Galimoto imodzi yokhala ndi zida zamtundu wa 3 inali m'magulu ankhondo aku Romania. Kwa nthawi ndithu, "Austin" wa mndandanda 2 "Zemgaletis" anali m'gulu la asilikali a Republic of Latvia. Mu 1919, anayi "Austin" (awiri 2 mndandanda ndi awiri 3rd) anali oti muli nazo zida "Kokampf" asilikali German.
Mndandanda wachitatu
Mndandanda wachitatu
Mndandanda wachitatu
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Magalimoto onyamula zida "Austin" adapangidwa ndi kampani yaku Britain pa dongosolo la Russia. Anamangidwa mosiyanasiyana kuyambira 1914 mpaka 1917. Iwo anali mu utumiki ndi Ufumu wa Russia, komanso Ufumu wa Germany, Weimar Republic (mu mbiri, dzina la Germany kuchokera 1919 mpaka 1933), Red Army (mu Red Army, Austins onse potsiriza anachotsedwa ntchito mu 1931), etc. Kotero, Austin "Anamenyana ndi gulu loyera, magalimoto ochepa amtundu uwu ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ankhondo oyera pamalire a Red Army. Kuphatikiza apo, ndalama zina zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi gulu lankhondo la UNR pankhondo yapachiweniweni yaku Russia. Makina angapo adafika ku Japan, komwe adagwira ntchito mpaka chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 30. Pofika mu Marichi 1921, panali ma Austin 7 m'magulu ankhondo a Asilikali aku Poland. Ndipo mu Austrian Army "Austin" mndandanda 3 anali mu utumiki mpaka 1935.
Mainjiniya ochokera ku Austin Motor Company ochokera ku Longbridge adayamba kupanga projekiti yamagalimoto okhala ndi zida zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zaku Russia komanso zaukadaulo. Izi zidachitika pakanthawi kochepa. Mu October 1914, chitsanzo chinamangidwa, chovomerezedwa ndi lamulo la asilikali a Russia. Dziwani kuti kampaniyo "Austin" idakhazikitsidwa ndi mkulu wakale waukadaulo wa Wolseley, Sir Herbert Austin mu 1906, m'nyumba yakale yosindikizira ya tauni yaing'ono ya Longbridge, pafupi ndi Birmingham. Kuyambira 1907, idayamba kupanga magalimoto onyamula akavalo 25, ndipo pofika kumayambiriro kwa Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse, inali kupanga mitundu ingapo ya magalimoto onyamula anthu, komanso magalimoto olemera matani 2 ndi 3. Kutulutsa kwathunthu kwa Austin panthawiyi kunali magalimoto opitilira 1000 pachaka, ndipo antchito anali opitilira 20000.
