Yesani galimoto Audi 100 LS, Mercedes 230, NSU Ro 80: kusintha ndi ntchito

Ana atatu okhwima a mkuntho wa 1968, akuthamangira pamwamba.

Amadula maubwenzi mopanda chifundo ndi gulu lawo - nyenyezi ya silinda sikisi m'malo mwa dizilo ya rustic, limousine ya avant-garde m'malo mwa Prinz, gulu lamasewera osangalatsa m'malo mwa mbadwa ina m'banja la zikwapu ziwiri. Zosintha, monga mukudziwa, zimayambira panjira.

Anali wopanduka, mwana weniweni wa zaka 68, chizindikiro cha kusamvera boma. Chifaniziro chake chosavuta chokongola chokhala ndi chiwerengero chabwino komanso kuwala kolunjika kwa Italy kunapambana technocrat kuchokera kumpoto. "Galimoto yokongola, galimoto yokongola kwambiri," anatero bambo wamkulu, yemwe anali wolimba mtima, akungoyang'ana pang'onopang'ono, akuyendayenda pang'onopang'ono mozungulira pulasitiki ya sikelo ya 1:1 yobisika kuseri kwa katani.

Audi 100: mwana wosafunikira

Izi zisanachitike, Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa VW, Heinrich Nordhof, anali ndi cholinga chomaliza kupanga kagulu kakang'ono ka Audi (60 - Super 90) ndi injini zotchedwa sing'anga-mphamvu kuti atembenuze Auto Union yochokera ku Ingolstadt, yomwe idapezedwa mu 1965 ndi Daimler- Benz, kumunda wamba wa kamba. Pofuna kukulitsa mphamvu ya fakitale yomwe yagwedezeka, magalimoto 300 a Volkswagen amayendetsa mizere yake tsiku lililonse.

Pokhudzana ndi ndondomekozi, Nordhof analetsa wojambula wamkulu wa Audi Ludwig Kraus ndi gulu lake kuti achite ntchito iliyonse kuti apange chitsanzo chatsopano. Izi sizinapirire pa chilengedwe cha Kraus, ndipo anapitiriza kugwira ntchito mobisa. Ndipotu, iye anali munthu amene, kupyolera mwa kuwongolera bwino, adatembenuza DKW F 102 kukhala galimoto yomwe inali yabwino kwa nthawi yake, Audi yoyamba yokhala ndi injini ya 1,7 yamphamvu. Injiniyo idabweretsedwa ngati "thumba lonyamulira" ndi abwana ake akale Daimler-Benz, wolemera 11,2-lita bbw codenamed Mexico, omwe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake kophatikizika kwa 1: XNUMX, adawonedwa ngati chinthu chamtanda pakati. theka-petulo. , semi-dizilo.

Kwa Kraus, yemwe adapanga mivi yasiliva ya Mercedes zaka zapitazo, mapangidwe agalimoto anali chidwi chenicheni. Ndi kuchonderera kochokera pansi pamtima, adatsimikizira Nordhof ndi mtsogoleri wa Audi Leading za chiyembekezo cha galimoto yokongola yaing'ono yomwe idzadzaza msika pakati pa Opel-Ford ndi BMW-Mercedes: "Zidzakhala zamasewera, koma nthawi yomweyo. omasuka, kaso ndi lalikulu. Ndi ungwiro kwambiri mwatsatanetsatane komanso mwaluso kwambiri Opel kapena Ford. Pali magawo atatu amphamvu ndi zida zoyambira 80 mpaka 100 hp. Tikhoza kuganiza za coupe,” analota motero mainjiniya wokonda kwambiri zaumisiri.

Audi 100 - "Mercedes kwa nduna"

Pamene galimoto yatsopano yatsopanoyi idakondwerera kuwonetsa kwake koyamba ku Geneva Motor Show mu 1969, otsutsa ochepa adanyoza kuti inali Mercedes. Moniker wankhanza "Mercedes wa Deputy Chiefs" adafalikira mwachangu. Ludwig Krauss sanakane kuti anali kusukulu ya Stuttgart. Mu 1963, adalumikizana ndi Auto Union patatha zaka 26 ku Daimler-Benz ndipo anali atanyamula kale m'magazi ake zonse zoyeserera zamagalimoto zokhala ndi nyenyezi zitatu komanso chisamaliro chokhazikika cha Mercedes mwatsatanetsatane. Masiku ano, Audi 100 yoyamba yakhala ikutuluka mndandanda wa W 114/115, womwe umadziwika kuti Linear Eight (/ 8). Delft buluu 100 LS, yomwe imaphatikizidwa pakuyerekeza kwathu, ikuwonetsa kunyadira kwayokha luso lodziyimira pawokha. Mtundu wazitseko ziwiri, womwe udayambitsidwa nthawi yophukira 1969, umatsimikizira kukongola kwa mizere yake.

Mercedes 230 wobiriwira wakuda tsopano wayimikidwa mwamtendere pafupi ndi Ingolstadt. Ikuwoneka bwino kwambiri, koma imaperekanso kulimba kwambiri kuposa kalembedwe kamakono ka Audi, kamene kamathandiziranso kwambiri. Kwa Audi 100, wopanga amawonetsa koyefishienti Cx 0,38; ndi NSU Ro 80 yochulukirapo mtengo uwu suli bwino (0,36).

Nkhope ya Audi ndiyabwino, pafupifupi akumwetulira. Ngakhale kuti imavala mphete zinayi pakati pa radiator grille, galimotoyi siyopereka ulemu wambiri pachikhalidwe monga mtundu wa Mercedes, womwe umawoneka wozizira komanso wowoneka bwino mbali zonse. Pakatikati mwa moyo wake, kwinakwake m'matumbo a injini yake yofatsa yamphamvu isanu ndi umodzi yokhala ndi mayendedwe anayi akuluakulu, ndiwonso wosintha ndikuyimira "zatsopano" pakupanga ndi zomangamanga. Munali mchaka chamalamulo owonjezera pamisewu mu 1968 pomwe kalembedwe kameneka kanapambana ku Mercedes, m'malo mwa kukongoletsa kwabwino kwamalo opangidwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali yomwe idawopsyeza ambiri omwe amakhala nawo nthawi zonse.

Mayankho aukadaulo osintha - "muyezo mu gawo lapamwamba la gulu lapakati."

Mwachidziwitso, Audi 100 LS imamasulidwa kwambiri ku Mercedes. Magudumu oyenda kutsogolo ndi achikhalidwe cha Auto Union monganso kuyimitsidwa kosavuta kwa torsion kumbuyo kwazitsulo. Kuphatikizana ndi akasupe amakono ophatikizana komanso ma absorbers odabwitsa (monga MacPherson strut) kutsogolo, Kraus ndi gulu lake apanga chassis chomwe chimaphatikiza kutonthoza kwaulendo woyimitsidwa wautali ndi malo abwino okhala.

Kenako, mu kusinthidwa buku la 1974, kuyimitsidwa kumbuyo ndi akasupe coaxial ndi absorbers mantha adzapatsa galimoto ngakhale masewera. Malinga ndi kuyezetsa koyeserera kwagalimoto ndi masewera omwe adachitika mchaka chomwecho, mtunduwo ndi "chizindikiro chachitetezo pamsewu kumtunda wapakatikati".

Ngakhale injini yapachiyambi ya Audi 100 siyikukhalanso yokha. Mu 1973 Delft buluu LS, imagwira ntchito mofanana, ndipo nyimbo yakuya, yosungika bwino imachokera kwa wosakhazikika. Ndikuchepetsa motsatizana kwa chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana mpaka 10,2 ndi 9,7: 1, phokoso losakhazikika lomwe silinakulitsidwe linasowanso.

Komabe, chifukwa cha kuzungulirazungulira kwazitsulo kosakanikirana pamutu wamphamvu wokhala ndi mtanda, injini imakhalabe yachuma malinga ndi kapangidwe kake ndikupanga chidwi champhamvu chothamangitsira pakati kuchokera 2000 rpm. Volkswagen yopanga ma liwiro atatu othamanga imasunganso mawonekedwe achilengedwe komanso kuyendetsa kwambiri injini yamphamvu zinayi yokhala ndi ma valavu apamwamba ndi camshaft yapansi. Ndikutuluka bwino kwa gasi, imasintha ndikuchedwa kusangalatsa.

"Mzere wachisanu ndi chitatu" - provocateur wofewa wokhala ndi chassis yatsopano

230.6 Automatic yolemetsa komanso yosasunthika ndiyovuta kutsatira Audi 100 yopepuka komanso yofulumira. Sikisi yake yayikulu, yomwe mu "Pagoda" (230 SL) imamveka ngati yovuta, apa nthawi zonse imakhala yodziletsa ndikunong'oneza mwakachetechete kumayendedwe amtundu wa Mercedes. Palibe masewera - ngakhale camshaft yapamwamba.

Lita ya injini yamphamvu zisanu ndi imodzi ndiyofatsa, motero imakhala ndi moyo wautali. Injiniyo imagwirana bwino ndi galimoto yayikulu, yolemera yomwe imayenda bwino komanso mosadukiza, ndipo ngakhale poyenda pang'ono kuzungulira tawuniyi kumamupatsa woyendetsa kumverera kuti wakhala panjira kwanthawi yayitali. Ulendo uliwonse umakhala ulendo. Awa ndi mphamvu yama 230 okhala ndi zida zodabwitsazi, zomwe, kuphatikiza pa dzuwa komanso mawotchi oyendera magetsi, ali ndi mawindo akutsogolo, mawindo achikuda ndi chiwongolero chamagetsi. Osati kuchuluka kokha, komanso mtundu wa magwiridwe antchito ndiwosangalatsa. Zowona, mkati mwa Audi mumatulutsa kutentha ndi chitonthozo, koma mawonekedwe owoneka bwino amitengo amawoneka osakhalitsa monga utoto wosalimba wa nsungwi wokhala ndi mizere yabwino komanso yoluka.

M'malo mwake, W 114 ndiwoyambitsanso, ngakhale ali wocheperako. Pankhani ya kalembedwe ka chassis ndi ukadaulo, ichi ndi chithunzithunzi cha nyengo yatsopano - kutsanzikana ndi chitsulo chakumbuyo chakumbuyo ndikukhazikitsa motsimikiza kwa mabuleki a ma disk anayi. Zotsatira zake, Daimler-Benz sakhalanso m'mbuyo potengera kayendetsedwe kamsewu, koma amayandikira muyezo wa BMW wa ekseli yakumbuyo ya tilt-strut, komwe kupendekera kwa chala cham'manja ndi magudumu nthawi zonse kumakhala kwachitsanzo.

Makhalidwe oyendetsedwa bwino, pafupi ndi malire olimbikira, osakhala ndi chizolowezi chodyetsa, komanso mayendedwe olimba aulendo woponderezedwa kwambiri atathamanga kwambiri zimapangitsa "Linear Eight" kukhala yabwinoko kuposa ngakhale S-Class yanthawiyo. Palibe mitundu yofananizidwa ya 1968 yomwe imayima pamsewu modekha, ndi kasupe wolemera komanso wandiweyani. Magalimoto awiri oyendetsa kutsogolo amakhala amanjenje koma agile.

Ro 80 - galimoto yamtsogolo

Izi ndizowona makamaka pa NSU Ro 80 yachikasu-chikasu, yomwe imaposa ena pakuwongolera ndi chassis chake chovuta chokhala ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa MacPherson strut kutsogolo ndi chitsulo chakumbuyo chakumbuyo. Chofunika kwambiri pano ndi kupepuka ngati mwana, kuthamanga komanso kuthamanga kwa chimphona, cholimbikitsidwa ndi chiwongolero cha ZF chowongolera mozungulira ndi pinion. Mabuleki nawonso ndi ndakatulo. Ndi zokhumba zake, Ro 80 ikukumbutsa za Porsche 911. Kodi zangochitika mwangozi kuti magalimoto onsewa atavala mawilo a Fuchs alloy? Ndipo chikasu ndi lalanje icho chimayenda bwino ndi zonse ziwiri?

Koma ndi ulemu wonse, abwenzi okondedwa a Wankel motor, tiyenera kuvomereza chowonadi, ngakhale zitakupweteketsani. Kupatula apo, si injini yosinthira yosintha koma mawonekedwe okongoletsa ndi chisisi chovuta kwambiri chokhala ndi misewu yabwino chomwe chimapangitsa NSU Ro 80 kuwoneka yolimba ngakhale lero. Mutha kungokonda injini yokhala ndi mphamvu, makamaka ngati mudayendetsa BMW 2500 kale. Phokoso laphokoso kwambiri limakhala lokumbutsa za matayala atatu a sitiroko. Titha kutonthozedwa ndikuti popanda injini yaying'ono, mawonekedwe owopsa a nthawiyo sakanapangidwa konse.

Kutumiza kwothamanga katatu, kotsekemera komanso kotsekemera kumatsimikizira kuyendetsa bwino nthawi zonse. Komabe, siyabwino konse kwa iwo omwe amafunitsitsa kuthamanga kwambiri, komanso ofooka ngati makokedwe, injini ya Wankel, yomwe imangokhala ndi magiya asanu okha.

Ro 80 sakonda magalimoto mumzinda waukulu. Kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono kwa galimoto yaikulu, yomwe mphamvu ya 115 hp imagwiranso ntchito pano. sangatchulidwe zokwanira. Malo ake ndi msewu waukulu, womwe umathamanga modekha komanso popanda kugwedezeka pamene speedometer ikuwonetsa 160. Pano, wofooka komanso wosagwirizana ndi kufalitsa Wankel mwadzidzidzi amakhala bwenzi lokondedwa.

Anthu atatu osiyana amapanga mabwenzi

Njira yayikulu ndi ma wheelbase atali amathandizira Ro 80 kukhala bwino panjira. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake, galimotoyo imakhutira ndi malita 12 pa 100 km, ndipo injini yotchedwa KKM 612 imayimba nyimbo yokhudza dziko latsopano labwino komanso kuphweka kodabwitsa kwa Wankel. Rotor yake yozungulira imazungulira pa trochoid ndipo, ngati mwamatsenga, amasintha nthawi zonse mchipindacho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuyendetsa kayendedwe kazinayi. Palibe zolowera kumtunda ndi pansi zomwe zimafunikira kuti zisinthike kukhala zoyenda mozungulira.

Mkati mwa NSU Ro 80 imakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito oziziritsa, pafupifupi ovuta. Imafanana ndi mawonekedwe agalimoto a avant-garde, ngakhale kuti kukongola pang'ono kukanakhala kofunikira. Upholstery wakuda amachokera ku Audi 100 GL ndipo akupitiriza kuyang'ana olimba komanso osangalatsa kukhudza malo atsopano. Koma Ro 80 si mtundu wagalimoto wamalingaliro omwe mungalowemo - imatengedwa mozama kwambiri. Mercedes 230 yabwino singakhale yoyenera kutero.

Pafupi kwambiri ndi mtima wanga ndi wochezeka Audi 100. Popanda galimoto iyi - yobadwa mu ululu, kosayembekezereka kosatha komanso ndi mphatso yosatsutsika - lero Audi sikanakhalapo konse. Kupatula ngati dzina la mtundu wapamwamba wa Volkswagen.

DZIWANI ZOCHITIKA

Audi 100 LS (mtundu F 104), manuf. 1973 g.

ENGINE Model M ZZ, injini yotentha yamadzi inayi, makina oyenda amtundu wa aluminiyamu, imvi yazitsulo, crankshaft yokhala ndi mayendedwe asanu, camshaft imodzi (yoyendetsedwa ndi unyolo wa duplex), ma valavu oyimitsa, okwera ndi mikono , ma pistoni okhala ndi mphumi ya concave, (Chiron mfundo) voliyumu 1760 cm3 (bore x stroke 81,5 x 84,4 mm), 100 hp pa 5500 rpm, max. 153 Nm torque @ 3200 rpm, 9,7: 1 compression ratio, imodzi Solex 32/35 TDID magawo awiri ofukula otaya carburetor, koyatsira koyatsira, mafuta a injini a 4 L.

KUSAMULIRA KWA MPHAMVU Gudumu lamagalimoto kutsogolo ndi injini kutsogolo kwa chitsulo chakutsogolo ndi bokosi lamagiya kumbuyo kwake, kufalitsa kwa ma liwiro anayi (Porsche kulunzanitsa), kutengera mawotchi othamanga atatu okha ndi torque converter (chopangidwa ndi VW).

THUPI NDI KULIMBIKITSA chitsulo chokhazikika chokha, chitsulo chakutsogolo chokhala ndi akasupe olumikizidwa mozungulira ndi ma absorbers owopsa (MacPherson strut) ndi ma strangular awiri, okhazikika, kumbuyo kwa ma tubular okhwima, ma longitudinal struts, torsion spring ndi torsion bar steering rack yokhala ndi toothed, kutsogolo disc, Mabuleki am'mbuyo, ma disc 4,5 J x 14, matayala 165 SR 14.

Kutalika ndi kulemera kwake Utali wa 4625 mm, m'lifupi 1729 mm, kutalika kwa 1421 mm, kutsogolo / kumbuyo njanji 1420/1425 mm, wheelbase 2675 mm, net net 1100 kg, tank 58 l.

NKHANI ZA DYNAMIC NDI KULIPIRA Max. liwiro 170 km / h, 0-100 km / h mu masekondi 12,5, mafuta (mafuta 95) 11,8 l / 100 km.

TSIKU LOPANGA NDI Mitundu Audi 100, (mtundu 104 (C1) kuyambira 1968 mpaka 1976, zitsanzo 827 474, pomwe ma coupes 30 687.

Mercedes-Benz 230 (W 114), proizv. 1970

Enjini Model M 180, utakhazikika m'madzi mu mzere wa sikisi yamphamvu yamphamvu, mutu wa aloyi wopepuka, imvi yaying'ono yazitsulo, crankshaft yokhala ndi mayendedwe anayi anayi, camshaft imodzi (yoyendetsedwa ndi unyolo wa duplex), ma valve oyimitsa ofanana, oyendetsedwa rocker mikono 2292 cm3 (bore x stroke 86,5 x 78,5 mm), 120 hp pa 5400 rpm, pazipita makokedwe 182 Nm pa 3600 rpm, psinjika chiŵerengero 9: 1, awiri Zenith 35/40 INAT magawo awiri ofukula otaya carburetors, poyatsira koyilo, 5,5 l mafuta a injini.

MPHAMVU yamagalimoto oyendetsa kumbuyo, 4-liwiro loyendetsa buku, kusinthasintha kwa 5-liwiro, kapena kufalikira kwa 4-liwiro ndi hydraulic clutch.

THUPI NDI KULIMBIKIRA Zitsulo zonse zolimbitsa thupi, chimango ndi mbiri pansi yotsekera thupi, chitsulo chogwirizira chakutsogolo chokhala ndi zikhumbo ziwiri ndi akasupe a coil, zowonjezera zowonjezera mphira, zotchinjiriza, kumbuyo kolowera kolowera, zopindika akasupe olimba, okhazikika, chiwongolero ndi wononga mpira Kutumiza, zowonjezera zamagetsi, mabuleki amiyala inayi, 5,5J x 14 mawilo, matayala 175 SR 14.

Kutalika ndi kulemera kwake Utali wa 4680 mm, m'lifupi 1770 mm, kutalika kwa 1440 mm, kutsogolo / kumbuyo njanji 1448/1440 mm, wheelbase 2750 mm, net net 1405 kg, tank 65 l.

NKHANI ZA DYNAMIC NDI KULIPIRA Max. liwiro 175 km / h, 0-100 km / h mu masekondi 13,2, mafuta (mafuta 95) 14 l / 100 km.

TSIKU LOPHUNZITSIRA NDI KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO Mtundu wa Model W 114/115, kuchokera ku 200 D mpaka 280 E, 1967-1976, makope 1, omwe 840 ndi 753/230 - 230 makope.

NSU Ro 80, manuf. 1975 chaka

MOTOR Model NSU / Wankel KKM 612, injini ya Wankel twin-rotor yokhala ndi madzi ozizira ndi zotumphukira, magwiridwe antchito anayi, nyumba zachitsulo zoponyera, chipinda cha trochoidal chophimba zokutira, mbale zosindikizira, 2 x 497 cm3, zipinda 115 za HP. kuchokera. pa 5500 rpm, pazipita makokedwe 158 Nm pa 4000 rpm, kachitidwe kukakamiza kondomu, 6,8 malita injini mafuta, malita 3,6 kusintha voliyumu, metering mpope kwa kondomu zina ndi zomvetsa opaleshoni. Solex 35 DDIC yopingasa yoyenda yazipinda ziwiri zoyambira ndikuyamba kuyambitsa, kuyatsa kwamphamvu kwambiri kwa thyristor, imodzi yamapulagi munyumba iliyonse, kutsuka gasi ndi mpope wa mpweya ndi chipinda choyaka moto, dongosolo lotulutsa utsi ndi chitoliro chimodzi.

MPHAMVU YOTSATIRA NTCHITO yoyendetsa kutsogolo, kutumiza kwadzidzidzi - maulendo atatu othamanga pamanja, makina amodzi owuma ndi chosinthira makokedwe.

THUPI NDI KULIMBIKITSA chitsulo chokhazikika chokha, chitsulo chakutsogolo chokhala ndi akasupe olumikizidwa mozungulira ndi ma absorbers owopsa (MacPherson strut type), ma strips otsogola, okhazikika, opendekera kumbuyo, zitsime za koyilo, chingwe chowonjezera cha mphira ndi chiwongolero, ma braking system awiri okhala ndi mabuleki anayi , woyimitsa mphamvu yoyendetsa, matayala 5J x 14, matayala 175 hp khumi ndi zinayi.

Kutalika ndi kulemera kwake Utali wa 4780 mm, m'lifupi 1760 mm, kutalika kwa 1410 mm, kutsogolo / kumbuyo njanji 1480/1434 mm, wheelbase 2860 mm, net net 1270 kg, tank 83 l.

NKHANI ZA DYNAMIC NDI KULIPIRA Max. liwiro 180 km / h, 0-100 km / h mu masekondi 14, mafuta (mafuta 92) 16 l / 100 km.

NTHAWI YOPHUNZITSIRA NDI KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO NSU Ro 80 - kuyambira 1967 mpaka 1977, makope okwana 37.