Zomangamanga za axle / kuyimitsidwa: MacPherson strut, torsion bar, multi-link ...

Momwe galimoto imagwirira ntchito> Zomangamanga za axle / kuyimitsidwa: MacPherson strut, torsion bar, multi-link ...

Njira zothanirana ndi zopotoka zoyimitsidwa ndizosiyanasiyana komanso zosiyanasiyana, ndipo sizikhala zophweka nthawi zonse kuziyenda ... Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tiyese kufotokozera momwe zinthu zilili momwe tingathere polemba njira zosiyanasiyana komanso matekinoloje omwe alipo.

McPherson mtundu

Iyi ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa sitima. kale ya magalimoto athu, koma itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kumbuyo. Izi zimatengedwa ngati mtundu wodziyimira pawokha, mosiyana ndi gudumu lolimba kapena lolimba (gudumu lililonse limakhala ndi sitiroko yomwe imakhudza zomwe zili mbali ina ya galimoto).

Zimapangidwa ndi dzanja, anti-roll bar и mwendo wamphamvu amene amapangidwa mbali ya m'munsi ya shock absorber... Itha kufotokozedwa ngati monobras popeza nthawi zambiri pamakhala mkono umodzi wokha (katatu kapena ndodo). Koma ikhoza kupangidwa ndi manja awiri kuti apange katatu. Ndi njira yomwe imabweretsa pamodzi mogwira et mtengo wapakatiosaiwala zomwe atenga malo ochepa.

Dongosololi limamasula malo ambiri, omwe ndi mwayi kwa magalimoto odutsa omwe amatenga m'lifupi mwake.

Kuyimitsidwa kukalephera, mbali ya camber imakhala yolakwika, yomwe imakhala yopindulitsa pakona. Komabe, dongosololi limachepetsa kwambiri luso lowongolera ma geometry. Chifukwa chake, sichinthu chomwe chingasankhidwe kuti chizigwira ntchito kwambiri, ngakhale matembenuzidwe apamwamba kwambiri amtunduwu alipo (onani pansipa). Mgwirizano wa lalanje umasonyeza mgwirizano wa mpira pakati pa mkono (buluu) ndi hub (imvi).

Kusiyana pakati pa MacPherson ndi Nick MacPherson

Kusiyanitsa ndikosavuta, McPherson amagwiritsa ntchito dzanja "muyezo"Pamene pseudo McPherson amagwiritsa ntchito dzanja lake mawonekedwe a makona atatu... Zabwino

dzina lotchulidwira

MacPherson, yomwe ndi yofala kwambiri (chabwino, pafupifupi kulikonse, ngakhale). Zindikirani kuti Macpherson amafunikiradi anti-roll bar (apa imalumikizidwa ndi mkono woyimitsidwa, osati ku rocket ya strut) kuti iwongolere kutsogolo kwakutali komanso mozungulira. Tikakhala ndi masitima awiri odziyimira pawokha pa ekisi imodzi, timafunikira anti-roll bar, yomwe imapereka ulalo pakati pa awiri omaliza.

Apa ndi pseudo-MacPherson, chifukwa dzanja lili mu makona atatu. Ngati ili ndi bar imodzi, ingakhale MacPherson konse.

Pakatikati "bar" ndi cardan shaft (amatumiza mphamvu yoyendetsera mawilo). Rubber ndi chivundikiro cha gimbal chomwe chili ndi mafuta. Apa, anti-roll bar imalumikizidwa ndi mkono woyimitsidwa.

Mitundu ingapo ya zingwe za pseudo-MacPherson?

Pivot system?

Pali mapangidwe apamwamba kapena ocheperako omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira ya MacPherson. Kwa ndodo zamphamvu kwambiri, timagwiritsa ntchito chiwongolero chodziyimira pawokha, chomwe chimapangidwa ndikuwongolera chiwongolero cha magudumu (mgwirizano wampira pa lever / makona atatu, womwe umakupatsani mwayi wokhota kumanzere kapena kumanja). Izi zimachepetsa mphamvu ya torque, mwachitsanzo, chiwongolero chimakokera mbali imodzi panthawi yothamanga kwambiri. Kuphatikizana ndi kusiyana kocheperako, izi zimalola zokoka zina kuti zifikire zopangira magetsi malinga ndi magwiridwe antchito. Choncho, zimawathandiza kuti aziyika mphamvu zambiri pansi pa hood. Chifukwa pamene ekseli yakutsogolo ikuyenera kuwongolera komwe akupita, kulemera kwa injini ndi kakokedwe kake, imayenera kuwongolera.

Mtundu wamanja?

Ichi ndi MacPherson strut BMW 3 Series E90. Ndavutika kuti ndifanane ndi mikwingwirima ya buluu ndi mikono, popeza yomalizayo ndi yopindika. Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe azithunzi sanali abwino kwambiri pakuwunikira dongosolo. Dziwani kuti ekseli yakutsogolo yapeputsidwa chifukwa palibe shaft yopangira magetsi.

Semi-rigid axle yokhala ndi torsion bar

(Kumbuyo kokha pamagalimoto azaka zapakati: 90s)

Pomwe dongosololi lidalipo pamzere wakutsogolo m'mbuyomu, kuyambira ma 80s / 90s lakhala likungogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chakumbuyo. Uku ndikuyimitsidwa kodziyimira pawokha ngati pali mipiringidzo iwiri (kapena mwina imodzi yokha), mosiyana ndi ekisi yolimba kapena zana limodzi pa zana. Ndi dongosolo lazachuma, koma zowongolera zake ndizochepa ndipo zitha kupezeka pamagalimoto ambiri azachuma monga 100, 90, ndi zina za 106s.

Mwina zidzadabwitsa ena, koma ndi chipangizo ichi kuyimitsidwa kumaperekedwa ku ndodo yowongoka yachitsulo, mwachitsanzo ine ... Ndipo inde, osati kasupe, koma ndodo (nthawi zambiri seti ziwiri) yomwe imathandiza kuti galimoto ikhale mlengalenga. (Choncho Imitsani) choncho m'malo masika. Komabe, imafunika chotchinga chodzidzimutsa kuti chiwongolere kukwera kwake ndikupewa kubwereranso. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, mukuyang'ana pansi pa 106, mudzangowona chododometsa (chofanana ndi pistoni) popanda kasupe.

Ubwino wa dongosololi ndikuti ndilachuma, osati cholemetsa (chimasiya malo ambiri okhalamo ndi thunthu) komanso chosavuta, ngakhale "chobadwa", chopanda phindu kuposa maulalo angapo (koma olemera!).

Ichi ndi bar ya buluu yomwe imakhala ngati gwero. Zoonadi, zimamangirizidwa mwamphamvu ku mfundo za 1 ndi 2. 1 ndi lever (wobiriwira "wotambasula") umene umagwira gudumu, ndipo 2 ndi galimotoyo. Utali wolakwika (monga ngati kupukuta ndi nsalu yonyowa) motero m'malo mwa kasupe.

Pali mipiringidzo iwiri ya torsion (lalanje). Mmodzi amachita ndi dzanja lamanja ndipo wina ndi dzanja lamanzere. Iliyonse ndi kutalika kolakwika. Chonde dziwani kuti pali njira zingapo zopangira dongosololi, kotero likhoza kukhala losiyana (makamaka mipiringidzo ya torsion) kuchokera pagalimoto kupita pagalimoto. Chipangizochi chingayambitsenso ma wheelbase osiyanasiyana pakati pa kumanzere ndi kumanja.

Ndipo izi ndi zomwe zimachita m'moyo weniweni (Peugeot 106): Malo otsekemera amayimitsa galimotoyo mlengalenga ndipo chotsitsa chodzidzimutsa chimachepetsa kuthamanga kuti zisawonongeke kasupe / kubwereranso zomwe zingawononge khalidwe la galimotoyo.

Semi-rigid H-axis yokhala ndi helical spring

(odziwika kwambiri transverse motor drive system)

Ndi mtundu wa H-axis womwe umalumikiza mosinthasintha magiya akumanzere ndi kumanja (monga mikono iwiri yotalikirana yolumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake kuti agwirizane). Chifukwa chake, zikuwoneka ngati chitsulo cholimba, koma ndodo yomwe imalumikiza ma axle shafts awiri imakhala yosinthika kotero kuti kupatuka kwa mawilo omwe ali mbali zonse sikukhala ndi zotsatira zambiri pa wina ndi mnzake (kotero sikudalira kapena kudziyimira pawokha, koma). semiaxis). -olimba kapena osadziyimira pawokha).

Choncho, tikufunika kasupe pano, chifukwa pano sitigwiritsanso ntchito torsion bar kuyimitsa galimoto mlengalenga, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi torsion bar yomwe tawona kale. Ndichida chodziwika kwambiri ku France (chifukwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poponya) ndikulowa m'malo mwa makina akale a torsion bar.

Pamagalimoto ena, mulingo wolowera umaperekedwa ndi axle yolimba kumbuyo, pomwe trim yokwera kwambiri imaperekedwa ndi kuyimitsidwa kwamaulalo angapo.

Pano (Gofu 4), kuwonjezera pa torsion bar, pali kasupe wa helical. Choncho, mipiringidzo torsion si okhawo "otenga" kulemera (zili choncho pa magalimoto ambiri yaying'ono).

momwe kuyimitsidwa kumbuyo, ekseli, kasupe, chotsekereza ndi mawilo opindika amagwirira ntchito)

Pamwambapa pali chitsulo cholowera kumbuyo cha gofu chokhala ndi torsion bar (membala wamkulu wakuda wamtanda womwe umaphatikizapo torsion bar) + ma coil akasupe oyimitsidwa ndipo pamapeto pake pisitoni yonyezimira yonyowa Chifukwa ... Mabaibulo

katatu katatu

(Kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo, ili ndiye dongosolo labwino kwambiri lomwe lilipo ... Palibe chabwinoko!)

Nayi zofuna ziwiri za Jaguar F-Pace.

Dongosololi lili ngati MacPherson, koma nthawi ino limagwiritsa ntchito makona atatu. Nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa pamagalimoto apamwamba kwambiri. Chotsitsa chododometsa tsopano sichimangiriridwa ku gudumu, koma kumakona atatu apansi (pansi). Iyi ndiyo njira yothandiza kwambiri monga momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito pa mpikisano. Ubwino wake ndikutha kupanga zosintha zingapo momwe ntchito yomanga imagwirira ntchito, yomwe ili yothandiza kwambiri, chifukwa chake mumpikisano, momwe zosowa zimasiyana kuchokera kudera lina kupita ku lina. Koma kumbukirani kuti dongosololi silimangothamanga, komanso kuti limagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto ena ndi aliyense. Tikhoza kulankhula za multiarm, popeza pali makona atatu (phewa limodzi = makona atatu), koma muyenera kudziwa kuti m'chinenerocho, amasiyanitsa mitundu yambiri ya triangulation iwiri. Zoyipa zake ndikuti zimatenga malo ochulukirapo kuposa machitidwe ena, omwe nthawi zambiri amachepetsa malo a boot ndikusokoneza chiwongolero chakutsogolo (injini imatenga malo ambiri).

Zindikirani kuti palinso ndodo yolumikizira (yomwe imalepheretsa mawilo kufananiza) ndi anti-roll bar yomwe imatha kusinthika molingana ndi zomwe mukufuna.

Dziwani kuti chithunzichi sichikuwonetsa ndodo yochepetsera (kapena chiwongolero ngati chili kutsogolo) kapena anti-roll bar. Pomaliza, monga momwe zilili ndi zithunzi zonse patsamba lino, malo (ndi mawonekedwe) a ma booms ndi zolumikizira mpira zimatha kusiyana ndi galimoto imodzi kupita ina.

Nayi Ferrari 360 Modena double wishbone. Osachepera dongosolo ndi lomveka poyerekeza ndi masitima apamtunda ovuta (ma levers angapo okhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana).

Nali fanizo losavuta kumva. Apa tikuwona kuti iyi ndiye nsonga yakutsogolo pomwe tikuwona kulumikizana kowongolera.

Multibras

(Kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo, koma nthawi zambiri tikukamba za kuyimitsidwa kwa maulalo angapo kuti tilankhule za ekseli yakumbuyo. Axle yakutsogolo yamitundu yambiri imatchedwa pafupifupi / offset double triangle).

Dongosololi ndi lofanana kwambiri ndi lolakalaka lawiri, lomwe limalola kugwira ntchito bwino (poyerekeza ndi axle ya torsion) chifukwa chowongolera molondola komanso mwanzeru chassis. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimaphatikizapo kulumikiza gudumu ndi manja angapo (4 kapena 5) m'malo mwa makona atatu kuti akwaniritse kukula kwa dongosolo (makona atatu athunthu amatenga malo ambiri!). Zindikirani kuti maonekedwe awo salinso ndi mawonekedwe enieni, amawoneka ngati "opanda mutu" pamwamba pa matembenuzidwe ena, pamene ena sakuwonekanso ngati katatu. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapangidwe ndi yayikulu kwambiri ndipo iyenera kukumbukiridwa makamaka kuti mfundoyi imachokera pakugwiritsa ntchito ma levers ambiri (omwe amatha kutchedwanso ndodo zolumikizira kapena, mwachidule, "zitsulo zachitsulo") zokhazikitsidwa bwino. anayi ou zisanu (nthawi zambiri 5 ya ekseli yakumbuyo ndi 4 ya ekseli yakutsogolo). Ambiri a iwo ndi yopingasa, ndi wina (chotheka chachisanu) ndi longitudinal, mu njira yomweyo monga galimoto, ndiko kuti, kufanana. Kenako amawonedwa ngati mkono wotambasula.

Zindikirani kuti palinso ndodo yolumikizira (yomwe imalepheretsa mawilo kufananiza) ndi anti-roll bar yomwe imatha kusinthika molingana ndi zomwe mukufuna.

Choyipa chimodzi ndi chakuti makina amtunduwu ndi ovuta kupanga ngakhale kwa injiniya wodziwa zambiri. Zotsatira zake, magalimoto ena okhala ndi maulalo ambiri amatha kukhumudwitsa oyendetsa ndege omwe amayembekezera zambiri. Ngakhale zili choncho, chithandizo cha makompyuta chimathandizira kwambiri ntchito ya injiniya, omwe amatha kuyang'ana zotsatira zawo pazenera, popanda kuchita mayesero panjirayo.

Dzanja lachisanu "lowonjezera" (uwu ndi "mkono wotambasulidwa") nthawi zambiri umakhala pa ekisi yakumbuyo, koma suwonekera kutsogolo. Izi zimalepheretsa kumbuyo kwa galimoto kuti zisakwezedwe mopitirira muyeso panthawi yolimba kwambiri. Apanso, malo, mawonekedwe a ma levers, ndi malo opangira mpira amasiyana kuchokera ku galimoto imodzi kupita ku ina (kapena m'malo kuchokera kwa injiniya wina kupita ku wina). Ichi ndi chithunzi chosavuta chomwe chimafotokoza mwachidule momwe chimagwirira ntchito.

Pano kumapeto, kulibe mkono wachisanu wotsatira wa ma axle am'mbuyo ambiri. Chonde dziwani kuti izi katatu katatu wopangidwa ndi manja angapo. Makona atatu apamwamba amapangidwa ndi mikwingwirima iwiri, ndipo yapansi ndi chipika, mivi yakuda imawonetsa zinthu izi. Tikuwona zomanga zamtundu uwu pa A4 ndi Peugeot 407, kuwonetsa kuti mkango waukazi udali waluso kwambiri mwaukadaulo!

Lingaliro lina kuti mumvetsetse bwino tanthauzo

Axle yolimba / yolimba

Dongosolo lodzitchinjiriza lomwe limalepheretsa kutonthoza komanso kusungitsa msewu ndizokayikitsa kukhala ndi galimoto yokhala ndi ekisi yamtunduwu.

Chotsatiracho chimagwirizanitsa mawilo akumanzere ndi kumanja ndi mtengo wolimba (kumbuyo kokha). Chifukwa chake, gudumu lakumanzere likagunda pampu, limakhudzanso gudumu lakumanja. Nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa! Dongosololi limagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto ena akuluakulu a XNUMXxXNUMX, kuphatikiza ma pickups. Choncho, si njira yodziyimira yokha kuyimitsidwa.

Pali mitundu iwiri: ekseli yokhazikika yokhazikika komanso yokhazikika yosayendetsa (palibe njira yolumikizira mawilo akumbuyo).

Kufanana kwa Watt

Sizofala kwambiri, kachitidwe ka chitsulo kambuyo kameneka kamakhala ngati kusakaniza kwa chitsulo cholimba komanso fupa lolakalaka. Ndi bwino ngati inu nokha kuona zithunzi mu kanema pansipa.

Opel Astra 2009: zinsinsi za sitima yake ... pa mafoni-auto

Ndemanga zonse ndi mayankho

chatha ndemanga yolemba:

Fab ndi (Tsiku: 2021, 01:25:06)

Moni, ndikufuna kudziwa ngati pali masitima am'mbuyo a toyota oti alowe m'malo mwa masitima apa peugeot 206 ... zikomo

Ine. 8 Zotsatira (izi) ku ndemanga iyi:

(Positi yanu idzawonekera pansi pa ndemanga pambuyo pakutsimikizira)

Lembani ndemanga

CHOFUNIKA KUTI mugulire galimoto yamagetsi ndi chiyani?