Antifreeze G12, mawonekedwe ake ndi kusiyana kwa antifreezes a makalasi ena

Antifreeze - choziziritsa kukhosi chozikidwa pa ethylene kapena propylene glycol, kumasuliridwa kuti "Antifreeze", kuchokera ku International English, monga "osazizira". Antifreeze ya Class G12 idapangidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pamagalimoto kuyambira 96 ​​mpaka 2001, magalimoto amakono nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito antifreeze 12+, 12 kuphatikiza kuphatikiza kapena g13.

"Kiyi yogwira ntchito yokhazikika ya makina ozizira ndi antifreeze yapamwamba kwambiri"

Kodi G12 antifreeze ndi chiyani

Antifreeze yokhala ndi kalasi G12 nthawi zambiri imakhala yofiira kapena pinki, komanso, poyerekeza ndi antifreeze kapena antifreeze G11, imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali. moyo utumiki - 4 mpaka 5 zaka. G12 ilibe silicates mu kapangidwe kake, imachokera pa: ethylene glycol ndi mankhwala a carboxylate. Chifukwa cha phukusi lowonjezera, pamtunda mkati mwa chipika kapena rediyeta, kukhazikika kwa dzimbiri kumachitika kokha komwe kumafunikira, kupanga filimu yaying'ono yosamva. Nthawi zambiri mtundu uwu wa antifreeze umatsanuliridwa mu dongosolo lozizira la injini zoyaka kwambiri zamkati. Sakanizani antifreeze g12 ndi ozizira a kalasi ina - zosavomerezeka.

Koma ali ndi kuchotsera kumodzi kwakukulu - G12 antifreeze imayamba kuchitapo kanthu pamene pakati pa dzimbiri kuonekera kale. Ngakhale kuti izi zimathetsa maonekedwe a chitetezo cha chitetezo ndi kukhetsa kwake mofulumira chifukwa cha kugwedezeka ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kusintha kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali.

Main luso makhalidwe a kalasi G12

Amaimira homogeneous mandala madzi popanda makina zonyansa zofiira kapena pinki mtundu. G12 antifreeze ndi ethylene glycol ndi kuwonjezera kwa 2 kapena kuposa carboxylic acids, samapanga filimu yoteteza, koma imakhudza malo omwe amadziwira kale. Kachulukidwe ndi 1,065 - 1,085 g/cm3 (pa 20°C). Kuzizira kumakhala mkati mwa madigiri 50 pansi pa ziro, ndipo malo owira ndi pafupifupi +118°C. Makhalidwe a kutentha amadalira kuchuluka kwa mowa wa polyhydric (ethylene glycol kapena propylene glycol). Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa mowa wotere mu antifreeze ndi 50-60%, zomwe zimakuthandizani kuti mukwaniritse ntchito yabwino. Koyera, popanda zonyansa, ethylene glycol ndi viscous ndi colorless mafuta madzi ndi kachulukidwe 1114 makilogalamu / m3 ndi kuwira mfundo 197 ° C, ndi amaundana pa 13 ° C mphindi. Chifukwa chake, utoto umawonjezedwa ku antifreeze kuti upatse munthu payekha komanso kuwonekera kwambiri kwamadzi mu thanki. Ethylene glycol ndi poizoni wamphamvu kwambiri wazakudya, zomwe zimatha kuchepetsedwa ndi mowa wamba.

Kumbukirani kuti zoziziritsa kukhosi zimapha thupi. Zotsatira zakupha, 100-200 g ya ethylene glycol idzakhala yokwanira. Choncho, antifreeze ayenera kubisidwa kwa ana momwe angathere, chifukwa mtundu wowala womwe umawoneka ngati chakumwa chokoma ndi wokondweretsa kwambiri kwa iwo.

G12 antifreeze imakhala ndi chiyani?

Kupangidwa kwa gulu la antifreeze G12 kumaphatikizapo:

• dihydric mowa ethylene glycol pafupifupi 90% ya voliyumu yonse yomwe ikufunika kuti mupewe kuzizira;
• madzi osungunuka, pafupifupi asanu peresenti;
• utoto (mtundu nthawi zambiri umasonyeza kalasi ya ozizira, koma pakhoza kukhala zosiyana);
• phukusi zowonjezera osachepera 5 peresenti, popeza ethylene glycol ndi yaukali zitsulo zopanda chitsulo, mitundu ingapo ya phosphate kapena carboxylate zowonjezera zochokera ku organic acid zimawonjezedwa kwa izo, zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngati choletsa, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti athetse vutolo. Ma antifreeze okhala ndi zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana amachita ntchito yawo m'njira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu ndi njira zothana ndi dzimbiri.

Kuphatikiza pa corrosion inhibitors, seti ya zowonjezera mu G12 coolant imaphatikizapo zowonjezera ndi zina zofunika. Mwachitsanzo, choziziritsa kukhosi chiyenera kukhala ndi anti-foaming, mafuta odzola komanso nyimbo zomwe zimalepheretsa mawonekedwe a sikelo.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa G12 ndi G11, G12+ ndi G13?

Mitundu yayikulu ya antifreezes, monga G11, G12 ndi G13, imasiyana mumtundu wa zowonjezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: organic ndi inorganic.

Zambiri za antifreezes, pali kusiyana kotani pakati pawo ndi momwe mungasankhire zoziziritsa bwino

Kuziziritsa kalasi ya G11 yamadzimadzi yachilengedwe ndi kagawo kakang'ono ka zowonjezera, kukhalapo kwa phosphates ndi nitrates. Antifreeze yotereyi idapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa silicate. Zowonjezera za silicate zimaphimba mkati mwa dongosololi ndi chitetezo chokhazikika, mosasamala kanthu za kukhalapo kwa madera owononga. Ngakhale wosanjikiza wotero imateteza malo omwe alipo kale a dzimbiri kuti asawonongeke. Antifreeze yotere imakhala ndi kukhazikika kochepa, kusamutsa kutentha kosautsa komanso moyo waufupi wautumiki, pambuyo pake imatsika, imapanga abrasive ndipo potero imawononga zinthu zadongosolo lozizirira.

Chifukwa chakuti G11 antifreeze imapanga wosanjikiza wofanana ndi sikelo mu ketulo, sikoyenera kuziziritsa magalimoto amakono okhala ndi ma radiator okhala ndi njira zoonda. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwira kwa ozizira koteroko ndi 105 ° C, ndipo moyo wautumiki si woposa zaka 2 kapena 50-80 km. thamanga.

Kawirikawiri G11 antifreeze imakhala yobiriwira kapena mitundu ya buluu. Chozizira ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito zamagalimoto opangidwa chisanafike 1996 chaka ndi galimoto ndi buku lalikulu la kuzirala dongosolo.

G11 siyoyenerana bwino ndi ma heatsinks a aluminiyamu ndi midadada popeza zowonjezera zake sizingateteze mokwanira chitsulo ichi pakutentha kwambiri.

Ku Europe, zovomerezeka zamakalasi oletsa kuzizira ndizomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi Volkswagen, chifukwa chake, cholembera chofananira cha VW TL 774-C chimapereka mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera mu antifreeze ndipo zimatchedwa G 11. Mafotokozedwe a VW TL 774-D amapereka kupezeka kwa organic-based carboxylic acid additives ndipo amalembedwa kuti G 12. Miyezo ya VW TL 774-F ndi VW TL 774-G imayikidwa ndi makalasi G12 + ndi G12 ++, ndipo antifreeze ya G13 yovuta kwambiri komanso yokwera mtengo imayendetsedwa ndi VW TL 774-J muyezo. Ngakhale opanga ena monga Ford kapena Toyota ali ndi miyezo yawoyawo. Mwa njira, palibe kusiyana pakati pa antifreeze ndi antifreeze. Tosol ndi imodzi mwa mitundu ya Russian mineral antifreeze, yomwe siinapangidwe kuti igwire ntchito mu injini yokhala ndi chipika cha aluminium.

Ndizosatheka kusakaniza organic ndi inorganic antifreezes, chifukwa njira yolumikizira idzachitika ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala ngati ma flakes!

Magiredi amadzimadzi Mitundu ya G12, G12+ ndi G13 ya organic antifreeze "Moyo Wautali". Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu machitidwe ozizira a magalimoto amakono opangidwa kuyambira 1996 G12 ndi G12 + kutengera ethylene glycol koma kokha G12 kuphatikiza imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosakanizidwa kupanga komwe ukadaulo wa silicate unaphatikizidwa ndi ukadaulo wa carboxylate. Mu 2008, gulu la G12 ++ linawonekeranso, mumadzimadzi oterowo, maziko a organic amaphatikizidwa ndi zochepa zowonjezera mchere (zotchedwa lobrid Lobrid kapena SOAT coolants). Mu antifreezes wosakanizidwa, zowonjezera zowonjezera zimasakanizidwa ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera (silicates, nitrites ndi phosphates zingagwiritsidwe ntchito). Kuphatikizika kwa matekinoloje koteroko kunapangitsa kuti athetse vuto lalikulu la antifreeze ya G12 - osati kungochotsa dzimbiri pomwe idawonekera kale, komanso kuchita zodzitetezera.

G12 +, mosiyana ndi G12 kapena G13, ikhoza kusakanikirana ndi G11 kapena G12 kalasi yamadzimadzi, komabe "kusakaniza" koteroko sikuvomerezeka.

Kuziziritsa kalasi G13 madzimadzi idapangidwa kuyambira 2012 ndipo idapangidwa kwa injini za ICE zomwe zikugwira ntchito muzovuta kwambiri. Kuchokera pamalingaliro aukadaulo, alibe kusiyana ndi G12, kusiyana kokha ndiko zopangidwa ndi propylene glycol, yomwe ili yochepa poizoni, imawola mofulumira, kutanthauza zimachepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe ikatayidwa ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri kuposa antifreeze ya G12. Anapangidwa potengera zofunika kusintha zachilengedwe miyezo. G13 antifreeze nthawi zambiri imakhala yofiirira kapena yapinki, ngakhale kuti imatha kupakidwa utoto uliwonse, chifukwa ndi utoto womwe mawonekedwe ake samadalira, opanga osiyanasiyana amatha kupanga zoziziritsa kukhosi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mithunzi.

Kusiyana kwa zochita za carboxylate ndi silicate antifreeze

G12 antifreeze yogwirizana

Kodi n'zotheka kusakaniza ma antifreezes a magulu osiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chidwi kwa eni ake osadziwa zambiri omwe agula galimoto yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo sakudziwa kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa coolant womwe unadzazidwa mu thanki yowonjezera.

Ngati mukufunikira kuwonjezera antifreeze, ndiye kuti muyenera kudziwa ndendende zomwe zikutsanuliridwa mu dongosolo, apo ayi, mungakhale pachiwopsezo chokonzekera osati kuzizira kokha, komanso kukonza gawo lonselo. Ndi bwino kukhetsa kwathunthu madzimadzi akale ndi kudzaza latsopano.

Monga tanenera kale, mtundu sukhudza katundu, ndipo opanga osiyanasiyana amatha kujambula mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, komabe chimodzimodzi pali miyambo yovomerezeka. Mankhwala oletsa kuzizira kwambiri ndi obiriwira, abuluu, ofiira, apinki ndi alalanje. Miyezo ina imatha kuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma mtundu wa antifreeze ndiye njira yomaliza yomwe iyenera kuganiziridwa. Ngakhale nthawi zambiri chobiriwira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza madzi a kalasi yotsika kwambiri G11 (silicate). Ndiye tiyeni tinene mix antifreeze G12 wofiira ndi pinki (carboxylate) amaloledwa, komanso organic-okha antifreezes kapena inorganic-okha zamadzimadzi, koma muyenera kudziwa kuti kuchokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana "ozizira" akhoza kukhala zosiyana za zowonjezera ndi chem. kuphatikiza, zomwe sizingaganizidwe! Kusagwirizana kotere kwa antifreeze ya G12 kuli pachiwopsezo chachikulu choti zingachitike pakati pa zowonjezera zomwe zikuphatikizidwa mu kapangidwe kake, komwe kumatsagana ndi mvula kapena kuwonongeka kwaukadaulo wazomwe zimaziziritsa.

Choncho, ngati mukufuna kusunga injini kuyaka mkati ntchito, lembani antifreeze mtundu womwewo ndi kalasi, kapena kukhetsa kwathunthu madzimadzi akale ndi m'malo ndi amene mukudziwa. yaying'ono kuwonjezera madziwo akhoza kuchitidwa ndi madzi osungunuka.

Ngati mukufuna kusintha kuchokera ku gulu lina la antifreeze kupita ku lina, muyeneranso kuthamangitsa makina oziziritsa musanawasinthe.

Zomwe antifreeze kusankha

Pamene funso likukhudza kusankha antifreeze, osati ndi mtundu, komanso ndi kalasi, ndiye tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe wopanga akuwonetsa pa thanki yowonjezera kapena zolemba zamaluso zagalimoto. Popeza, ngati mkuwa kapena mkuwa unagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga rediyeta yozizira (yoikidwa pa magalimoto akale), ndiye kuti kugwiritsa ntchito antifreezes organic sikuli koyenera.

Ma antifreeze amatha kukhala amitundu iwiri: okhazikika komanso ochepetsedwa kale kufakitale. Poyang'ana koyamba, zikuwoneka kuti palibe kusiyana kwakukulu, ndipo madalaivala ambiri amalangiza kutenga chidwi, ndiyeno kusungunula ndi madzi osungunuka nokha, molingana (2 mpaka 1 chifukwa cha nyengo yathu), kufotokoza izi ponena kuti inu. akutsanulira osati zabodza, koma mwatsoka, kutenga chidwi sikulondola. Osati kokha chifukwa kusanganikirana pa chomeracho ndi kolondola kwambiri, komanso chifukwa madzi a zomera amasefedwa pa mlingo wa maselo ndi osungunuka, amawoneka odetsedwa poyerekeza, kotero pambuyo pake izi zingakhudze maonekedwe a madipoziti.

Ndizosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito concentrate mu mawonekedwe ake oyera, chifukwa paokha amaundana pa -12 madigiri.

Momwe mungachepetsere antifreeze zimatsimikiziridwa ndi tebulo:

Momwe mungachepetsere chidwi cha antifreeze

Pamene wokonda galimoto, posankha antifreeze yabwino kudzaza, imangoyang'ana mtundu (wobiriwira, buluu kapena wofiira), zomwe mwachiwonekere sizolondola, ndiye tikhoza kulangiza izi:

• m'galimoto yokhala ndi radiator yamkuwa kapena yamkuwa yokhala ndi zitsulo zachitsulo, zobiriwira, antifreeze buluu kapena antifreeze (G11) zimatsanuliridwa;
• mu ma radiator a aluminiyamu ndi midadada ya injini zamagalimoto amakono, amathira ofiira, antifreeze lalanje (G12, G12 +);
• powonjezera, pamene sakudziwa zomwe zadzazidwa, amagwiritsa ntchito G12 + ndi G12 ++.

Kusiyana pakati pa red, green and blue antifreeze

Posankha antifreeze, samalani zomwe zingachitike:

• panalibe matope pansi;
• kulongedza kwake kunali kwapamwamba komanso kopanda zolakwika palembapo;
• panalibe fungo lamphamvu;
• pH mtengo unali wosachepera 7,4-7,5;
• mtengo wamsika.

Kusintha koyenera kwa antifreeze kumakhudzana mwachindunji ndi luso lagalimoto, komanso mafotokozedwe ena, ndipo wopanga magalimoto aliyense ali ndi zake.

Mukasankha kale njira yabwino kwambiri ya antifreeze, ndiye kuti nthawi ndi nthawi onetsetsani kuti muyang'ana mtundu wake ndi momwe zilili. Mtundu ukasintha kwambiri, izi zikuwonetsa zovuta mu CO kapena zikuwonetsa antifreeze yotsika kwambiri. Kusintha kwamtundu kumachitika pamene antifreeze wataya katundu wake woteteza, ndiye kuti iyenera kusinthidwa.