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V 80 m'chigawo cha Hel, poyesedwa ndi injini ya turbine ndi injiniya Walther mu 1942. Kubisala ndi kuchuluka kwa malo ang'onoang'ono pamtunda kumawonekera.

Panthawi ya nkhondo, zombo zonse zankhondo zinapeza liwiro lalikulu, kupatulapo zombo zapamadzi, zomwe malire pamwamba pake anakhalabe mfundo 17, ndipo pansi pa madzi 9 mfundo - kwa nthawi yochepa ndi mphamvu ya batri pafupifupi ola limodzi ndi theka kapena zochepa ngati M'mbuyomu, mabatire sanali kulingidwa mokwanira atamizidwa.

Kuyambira chiyambi cha 30s, injiniya German. Helmut Walter. Lingaliro lake linali kupanga injini yotsekedwa (popanda mpweya wa mumlengalenga) pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta a dizilo monga gwero la mphamvu ndi nthunzi yomwe imazungulira turbine. Popeza kuti mpweya wa okosijeni ndi wofunika kwambiri pa kuyaka, Walther anaganiza kuti agwiritse ntchito hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) ndi ndende ya 80%, yotchedwa perhydrol, monga gwero lake mu chipinda choyaka chotsekedwa. Zomwe zimafunikira kuti zithetse vutoli ziyenera kukhala sodium kapena calcium permanganate.

Kafukufuku amakula mofulumira

July 1, 1935 - pamene awiri Kiel shipyards a Deutsche Werke AG ndi Krupp anali kumanga 18 mayunitsi a mndandanda woyamba wa zombo ziwiri za m'mphepete mwa nyanja (mitundu II A ndi II B) kwa mofulumira kutsitsimutsa U-Bootwaffe - Walter Germaniawerft AG, amene anali wakhala akugwira ntchito kwa zaka zingapo ndikupanga sitima yapamadzi yothamanga kwambiri yokhala ndi magalimoto odziyimira pawokha, adapanga Ingenieurbüro Hellmuth Walter GmbH ku Kiel, ndikulemba ntchito m'modzi. Chaka chotsatira adayambitsa kampani yatsopano, Hellmuth Walter Kommanditgesellschaft (HWK), adagula makina akale a gaswork ndikusandutsa malo oyesera omwe adalemba anthu 300. Kumayambiriro kwa 1939/40 mbewuyo idakulitsidwa kudera la Kaiser Wilhelm Canal, monga Kiel Canal (German: Nord-Ostsee-Kanal) idadziwika mpaka 1948, ntchito idakula mpaka pafupifupi anthu 1000, ndipo kafukufuku adakulitsidwa. kwa oyendetsa ndege ndi magulu apansi.

M’chaka chomwecho, Walther anakhazikitsa malo opangira injini za torpedo ku Arensburg pafupi ndi Hamburg, ndipo chaka chotsatira, mu 1941, ku Eberswalde pafupi ndi Berlin, malo opangira ma jet engines oyendetsa ndege; Kenako mbewuyo idasamutsidwa ku Bavorov (kale Beerberg) pafupi ndi Lyuban. Mu 1944, fakitale ya injini ya rocket idakhazikitsidwa ku Hartmannsdorf. Mu 1940, malo oyesera a TVA torpedo (TorpedoVerssuchsanstalt) adasamukira ku Hel ndipo gawo lina ku Bosau panyanja ya Großer Plehner (kum'mawa kwa Schleswig-Holstein). Mpaka pamene nkhondo inatha, anthu pafupifupi 5000 ankagwira ntchito m’mafakitale a Walter, kuphatikizapo mainjiniya pafupifupi 300. Nkhaniyi ikukhudzana ndi ntchito zapansi pamadzi.

Pa nthawiyo, otsika ndende ya hydrogen peroxide, okwana ochepa peresenti, ankagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zodzoladzola, nsalu, mankhwala ndi mankhwala mafakitale, ndi kupeza kwambiri anaikira (kuposa 80%), zothandiza pa kafukufuku Walter, linali vuto lalikulu kwa opanga ake. . Hydrogen peroxide yokhayo yomwe inkagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri panthawiyo ku Germany pansi pa mayina angapo obisala: T-Stoff (Treibshtoff), Aurol, Auxilin ndi Ingolin, komanso ngati madzi opanda mtundu adapakidwa utoto wachikasu kuti abisale.

Mfundo ya ntchito ya "ozizira" turbine

Kuwola kwa perhydrol mu mpweya ndi nthunzi wa madzi kunachitika pambuyo kukhudzana ndi chothandizira - sodium kapena kashiamu permanganate - mu kuwonongeka chipinda chopangidwa ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri (perhydrol anali owopsa, mankhwala mwamakani madzi, anachititsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni wamphamvu zitsulo ndi anasonyeza reactivity wapadera). ndi mafuta). Mu sitima zapamadzi zoyesera, perhydrol inayikidwa m'mabwalo otseguka pansi pa chombo cholimba, m'matumba opangidwa ndi zinthu zosinthika "mipolam", zofanana ndi mphira. Matumbawo adakumana ndi kukakamizidwa kwakunja kuchokera kumadzi am'nyanja kukakamiza perhydrol kulowa pampu ya jekeseni kudzera pa cheke valavu. Chifukwa cha yankho ili, panalibe ngozi zazikulu ndi perhydrol panthawi yoyesera. Pampu yoyendetsedwa ndi magetsi imaperekedwa ndi perhydrol kudzera mu valavu yowongolera kulowa muchipinda chowola. Pambuyo pokhudzana ndi chothandizira, perhydrol inavunda kukhala osakaniza mpweya ndi nthunzi wa madzi, zomwe zinatsagana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa mtengo wokhazikika wa 30 bar ndi kutentha kwa 600 ° C. Pakuthamanga uku, chisakanizo cha nthunzi wamadzi chinayendetsa turbine, ndiyeno, kusungunuka mu condenser, kutuluka kunja, kusakanikirana ndi madzi a m'nyanja, pamene mpweya umapangitsa madzi kuchita thovu pang'ono. Kuonjezera kuya kwa kumizidwa kunawonjezera kukana kutuluka kwa nthunzi kuchokera kumbali ya sitimayo ndipo motero kuchepetsa mphamvu yopangidwa ndi turbine.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito turbine "yotentha".

Chipangizochi chinali chovuta mwaukadaulo, kuphatikiza. kunali koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pampu yoyendetsedwa mwamphamvu katatu kuti ipereke perhydrol, mafuta a dizilo ndi madzi nthawi imodzi (mafuta opangidwa otchedwa "decalin" adagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa mafuta wamba dizilo). Kumbuyo kwa chipinda chowolacho kuli chipinda choyaka moto cha porcelain. "Decalin" anabayidwa mu chisakanizo cha nthunzi ndi mpweya, pa kutentha pafupifupi 600 ° C, kulowa pansi pa kupsyinjika kwake kuchokera kuchipinda chowola kupita ku chipinda choyaka moto, zomwe zimapangitsa kutentha kwachangu kufika 2000-2500 ° C. Madzi otentha adalowetsedwanso m'chipinda choyaka moto cha jekete lamadzi, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa nthunzi yamadzi ndikuchepetsanso kutentha kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya (85% mpweya wamadzi ndi 15% carbon dioxide) mpaka 600 ° C. Kusakaniza uku, pansi pa kukakamizidwa kwa 30 bar, kunayambitsa makina opangira magetsi, kenako anaponyedwa kunja kwa thupi lolimba. Mpweya wamadzi wophatikizana ndi madzi a m'nyanja, ndipo dioksidi idasungunuka kale pakumiza kwa mamita 40. Monga mu turbine "yozizira", kuwonjezeka kwa kuya kwa kumizidwa kunachititsa kuti mphamvu ya turbine igwe. Zowononga zimayendetsedwa ndi gearbox yokhala ndi chiŵerengero cha 20: 1. Kugwiritsa ntchito perhydrol kwa turbine "yotentha" kunali kotsika katatu kuposa "kuzizira" komwe.

Mu 1936, Walther anasonkhana mu holo lotseguka la Germania shipyard turbine yoyamba yoyima "yotentha", yomwe imagwira ntchito mopanda mpweya wa mumlengalenga, yopangidwira kuyenda mofulumira kwamadzi apansi pamadzi, ndi mphamvu ya 4000 hp. (pafupifupi. 2940 kW).