Njira Zina Zoyeserera: GAWO 1 - Makampani a Gasi

M'zaka za m'ma 70, Wilhelm Maybach adayesa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamainjini oyaka mkati, adasintha njira ndikuganiza zama alloys oyenerera kwambiri popanga magawo amtundu uliwonse. Nthawi zambiri amadabwa kuti ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayaka moto nthawi zonse zomwe zingakhale zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pama injini otentha.

M'zaka za m'ma 70, Wilhelm Maybach adayesa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamainjini oyaka mkati, adasintha njira ndikuganiza zama alloys oyenerera kwambiri popanga magawo amtundu uliwonse. Nthawi zambiri amadabwa kuti ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayaka moto nthawi zonse zomwe zingakhale zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pama injini otentha.

Mu 1875, pamene iye anali wantchito wa Gasmotorenfabrik Deutz, Wilhelm Maybach anaganiza kuyesa ngati angakhoze kuthamanga injini gasi pa mafuta amadzimadzi - ndendende, pa mafuta. Zinaganiza kuti afufuze zomwe zingachitike ngati atatseka tambala wa gasiyo ndipo m'malo mwake amayika kansalu koviikidwa mu petulo kutsogolo kwa pompopompo. Injini siima, koma ikupitiriza kugwira ntchito mpaka "kuyamwa" madzi onse kuchokera ku minofu. Umu ndi momwe lingaliro loyamba la "carburetor" lopangidwa bwino linabadwa, ndipo pambuyo pa kulengedwa kwa galimotoyo, mafutawo anakhala mafuta ofunika kwambiri.

Ndikunena nkhaniyi kuti ndikukumbutseni kuti mafuta asanalowe m'malo mwa mafuta, injini zoyambirira zimagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ngati mafuta. Ndiye zinali za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka (kuyatsa) gasi kuyatsa, komwe kumapezeka ndi njira zosadziwika lero, koma pokonza malasha. Injiniyo, yopangidwa ndi Swiss Isaac de Rivac, woyamba "wopanga mwachilengedwe" (woponderezedwa) injini yamafuta a Ethylene Lenoir kuyambira 1862, ndipo chipinda chodetsa anayi chopangidwa ndi Otto patangopita nthawi pang'ono, chimayendetsa gasi.

Apa m'pofunika kutchula kusiyana gasi zachilengedwe ndi liquefied mafuta amafuta. Mpweya wachilengedwe uli ndi 70 mpaka 98% ya methane, ndipo yotsalayo ndi mipweya yambiri yachilengedwe komanso yachilengedwe monga ethane, propane ndi butane, carbon monoxide ndi ena. Mafuta amakhalanso ndi mpweya wosiyanasiyana, koma mpweya umenewu umatulutsidwa kudzera mu distillation ya fractional kapena amapangidwa ndi njira zina zam'mbali m'malo oyeretsera. Minda ya gasi ndi yosiyana kwambiri - gasi wangwiro kapena "wouma" (ndiko kuti, muli makamaka methane) ndi "yonyowa" (yokhala ndi methane, ethane, propane, mpweya wina wolemera kwambiri, ngakhale "petulo" - madzi opepuka, tizigawo tating'onoting'ono tamtengo wapatali) . Mitundu yamafuta imakhalanso yosiyana, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mpweya mkati mwake kumatha kukhala kotsika kapena kupitilira apo. Minda nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwa - gasi amakwera pamwamba pa mafuta ndipo amakhala ngati "chipewa cha gasi". The zikuchokera "kapu" ndi munda waukulu mafuta zikuphatikizapo zinthu tatchulazi, ndi tizigawo ting'onoting'ono, mophiphiritsa, "kutuluka" wina ndi mzake. Methane yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta agalimoto "imachokera" kuchokera ku gasi, ndipo kusakaniza kwa propane-butane komwe tikudziwa kumachokera ku minda yamafuta achilengedwe komanso minda yamafuta. Pafupifupi 6 peresenti ya gasi wapadziko lonse lapansi amapangidwa kuchokera ku malo a malasha, omwe nthawi zambiri amatsagana ndi mpweya.

Propane-butane imawonekera powonekera modabwitsa. Mu 1911, kasitomala waku America wokwiya wa kampani yamafuta adalangiza mnzake, katswiri wazamankhwala wotchuka Dr. Snelling, kuti apeze zifukwa za chochitika chodabwitsa. Zomwe zimakwiyitsa kasitomala ndikuti kasitomala amadabwitsidwa kudziwa kuti theka la thanki yodzaza mafuta yangodzazidwa kumene. Ford Iye adasowa mwa njira zosadziwika paulendo wachidule wopita kunyumba kwake. Thankiyo sikutuluka mwadzidzidzi ... Pambuyo poyesera zambiri, Dr. Snelling adazindikira kuti chifukwa chodabwitsacho chinali kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa propane ndi butane mumafuta, ndipo atangopanga izi adapanga njira zoyamba zothira mafuta iwo. Ndi chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kumeneku komwe Dr. Snelling tsopano amadziwika kuti ndi "tate" wa makampani.

M'mbuyomu, zaka 3000 zapitazo, abusa adapeza "kasupe wamoto" pa Phiri la Paranas ku Greece. Pambuyo pake, kachisi wokhala ndi zipilala zamoto adamangidwa pamalo "opatulika "wa, ndipo oracle Delphius adawerenga mapemphero ake pamaso pa colossus wamkuluyo, ndikupangitsa anthu kumva kuyanjananso, mantha komanso kusilira. Masiku ano, zina mwa zachikondi izi zatayika chifukwa tikudziwa kuti gwero la lawi ndi methane (CH4) yomwe ikuyenda kuchokera m'ming'alu yamiyala yolumikizidwa ndi kuya kwa minda yamafuta. Pali moto wofanana m'malo ambiri ku Iraq, Iran ndi Azerbaijan kunyanja ya Caspian Sea, yomwe yakhala ikuyaka kwazaka zambiri ndipo yakhala ikudziwika kuti "Malawi Amuyaya a Persia."

Zaka zambiri pambuyo pake, aku China adagwiritsanso ntchito mpweya wochokera m'minda, koma ndi cholinga cha pragmatic - kutentha ma boilers akuluakulu ndi madzi a m'nyanja ndikuchotsa mchere. Mu 1785, a British adapanga njira yopangira methane kuchokera ku malasha (yomwe inkagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini zoyatsira mkati zoyambirira), ndipo kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX, akatswiri a zamankhwala a ku Germany Kekule ndi Stradonitz adavomereza njira yopangira mafuta olemera kwambiri amadzimadzi kuchokera pamenepo.

Mu 1881, William Hart anakumba chitsime choyamba cha gasi mumzinda wa Fredonia ku America. Hart adawona thovulo likukwera pamwamba pamadzi pagombe lapafupi kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo adaganiza zokumba dzenje kuchokera pansi kupita kumalo opangira gasi. Pa kuya kwa mamita asanu ndi anayi pansi pa nthaka, anafika pa mtsempha umene gasi unatulukamo, umene pambuyo pake anaugwira, ndipo kampani yake yatsopano yotchedwa Fredonia Gas Light Company inakhala mpainiya mu bizinesi ya gasi. Komabe, ngakhale Hart adachita bwino, gasi wowunikira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zaka za zana la XNUMX adatengedwa makamaka ku malasha ndi njira yomwe tafotokozayi - makamaka chifukwa chosowa luso lopanga matekinoloje onyamula gasi wachilengedwe kuchokera kuminda.

Komabe, kupanga mafuta koyamba pazamalonda kunali koona panthawiyo. Mbiri yawo idayamba ku USA mu 1859, ndipo lingaliro linali loti agwiritse ntchito mafuta ochotsedwa kuti asungunuke palafini powunikira ndi mafuta a injini za nthunzi. Ngakhale panthawiyo, anthu ankayang’anizana ndi mphamvu yowononga ya gasi wachilengedwe, wopanikizidwa kwa zaka zikwi zambiri m’matumbo a dziko lapansi. Apainiya a m’gulu la Edwin Drake anatsala pang’ono kufa pobowola mwangozi koyamba pafupi ndi Titusville, Pennsylvania, pamene gasi anatuluka pamalowo, moto waukulu unabuka, umene unatenga zipangizo zonse. Masiku ano, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa minda ya mafuta ndi gasi kumayendera limodzi ndi dongosolo lapadera loletsa kutuluka kwa gasi woyaka, koma moto ndi kuphulika si zachilendo. Komabe, mpweya womwewo nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati "pampu" yomwe imakankhira mafuta pamwamba, ndipo mphamvu yake ikatsika, oyendetsa mafuta amayamba kufunafuna ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina kuti atenge "golide wakuda".

Dziko la mpweya wama hydrocarbon

Mu 1885, patatha zaka zinayi William Hart atayamba kubowola gasi, munthu wina wa ku America, Robert Bunsen, anapanga chipangizo chimene chinadzadziwika kuti "Bunsen burner". Zomwe zimapangidwira zimagwiritsira ntchito mlingo ndi kusakaniza gasi ndi mpweya mu gawo loyenera, lomwe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyaka bwino - ndi chowotcha ichi chomwe lero ndi maziko a ma nozzles a okosijeni amakono a sitovu ndi zipangizo zotentha. Kupanga kwa Bunsen kunatsegula mwayi watsopano wogwiritsa ntchito gasi, koma ngakhale kuti payipi yoyamba ya gasi idamangidwa kale mu 1891, mafuta a buluu sanapindule ndi malonda mpaka nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.

Inali pa nthawi ya nkhondo kuti njira zokwanira zodalirika zodulira ndi kuwotcherera zidapangidwa, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti apange mapaipi otetezeka a gasi achitsulo. Makilomita masauzande ambiri adamangidwa ku America nkhondo itatha, ndipo payipi yochokera ku Libya kupita ku Italy idamangidwa mu 60s. Ku Netherlands kwapezekanso mpweya waukulu wachilengedwe. Mfundo ziwirizi zikufotokoza njira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito gasi woponderezedwa (CNG) ndi gasi wamafuta amtundu wa liquefied (LPG) ngati mafuta apagalimoto m'maiko awiriwa. Kufunika kwakukulu kwaukadaulo komwe gasi akuyamba kupeza kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mfundo iyi - pomwe Reagan adaganiza zowononga "Evil Empire" m'zaka za m'ma 80, adaletsa kupereka zida zapamwamba zopangira payipi ya gasi kuchokera ku USSR kupita ku Europe. Pofuna kubweza zosowa za ku Ulaya, ntchito yomanga mapaipi a gasi kuchokera ku gawo la Norwegian kumpoto kwa Nyanja ya Kumpoto kupita ku Ulaya ikupita patsogolo, ndipo USSR ikulendewera. Panthawiyo, kutumizira gasi kunja kunali gwero lalikulu la ndalama zolimba ku Soviet Union, ndipo kuchepa kwakukulu komwe kunabwera chifukwa cha njira za Reagan posakhalitsa kunayambitsa zochitika zodziwika bwino za m'ma 90.

Masiku ano, Russia yademokalase ndiyomwe ikupereka gasi wachilengedwe ku Germany zofunika zamphamvu komanso osewera padziko lonse lapansi mderali. Kufunika kwa gasi kunayamba kukula pambuyo pa mavuto awiri a mafuta a 70s, ndipo lero ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za mphamvu za geostrategic. Pakalipano, gasi wachilengedwe ndi wotsika mtengo kwambiri wamafuta otenthetsera, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya m'makampani opanga mankhwala, popangira magetsi, pazida zapakhomo, ndipo "msuweni" wake wa propane umapezekanso m'mabotolo onunkhira ngati deodorant. m'malo mwa ozoni-depleting fluorine mankhwala. Kugwiritsa ntchito gasi wachilengedwe kukukulirakulira, ndipo maukonde a mapaipi a gasi akuchulukirachulukira. Ponena za zomangamanga zomwe zamangidwa mpaka pano kuti zigwiritse ntchito mafutawa m'magalimoto, chilichonse chatsalira.

Takuuzani kale za zisankho zachilendo zomwe anthu a ku Japan adapanga popanga mafuta ofunikira komanso osowa kwambiri pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, komanso tatchulanso pulogalamu yopangira mafuta opangira mafuta ku Germany. Komabe, ndizochepa zomwe zimadziwika kuti m'zaka zankhondo zowonda ku Germany panali magalimoto enieni omwe akuyenda pa ... nkhuni! Pankhaniyi, sikubwereranso ku injini yabwino yakale ya nthunzi, koma injini zoyaka mkati, zomwe poyamba zinapangidwira kuti zigwiritse ntchito mafuta. Ndipotu, lingalirolo silovuta kwambiri, koma limafuna kugwiritsa ntchito makina opangira magetsi olemera, olemera komanso owopsa. Malasha, makala kapena nkhuni chabe zimayikidwa muzitsulo zapadera komanso osati zovuta kwambiri. Pansi pake amawotcha pakalibe mpweya, komanso kutentha kwambiri ndi chinyezi kumatulutsidwa mpweya wokhala ndi carbon monoxide, hydrogen ndi methane. Kenako amaziziritsidwa, kutsukidwa, ndi kudyetsedwa ndi faniziro m'machulukidwe a injini kuti agwiritse ntchito ngati mafuta. Zoonadi, madalaivala a makinawa adagwira ntchito zovuta komanso zovuta za ozimitsa moto - chotenthetsera chimayenera kulipiritsidwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndikutsukidwa, ndipo makina osuta amawoneka ngati ma locomotives a nthunzi.

Masiku ano, kufufuza gasi kumafuna luso lapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kuchotsa gasi ndi mafuta ndi imodzi mwazovuta zazikulu zomwe sayansi ndi luso lamakono likukumana nazo. Izi ndizowona makamaka ku US, kumene njira zambiri zosagwirizana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito "ziyamwa" mpweya wotsalira m'minda yakale kapena yosiyidwa, komanso kuchotsa zomwe zimatchedwa "zolimba" mpweya. Malinga ndi asayansi, padzafunika kubowola kuwirikiza kawiri kuti apange gasi pamlingo waukadaulo mu 1985. Kuchita bwino kwa njirazo kumawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo kulemera kwa zipangizo kumachepetsedwa ndi 75%. Mapulogalamu apakompyuta ochulukirachulukira akugwiritsidwa ntchito kusanthula deta kuchokera ku ma gravimeters, matekinoloje a seismic ndi ma satellites a laser, momwe mamapu apakompyuta amitundu itatu amadzi osungira amapangidwa. Zomwe zimatchedwa zithunzi za 4D zidapangidwanso, chifukwa chake ndizotheka kuwona mawonekedwe ndi kayendetsedwe ka ma depositi pakapita nthawi. Komabe, malo apamwamba kwambiri akadali opangira gasi wachilengedwe m'mphepete mwa nyanja - gawo lochepa chabe la momwe anthu akupita patsogolo m'derali - makina oyika padziko lonse lapansi pobowola, kubowola mozama kwambiri, mapaipi apansi panyanja, ndi njira zochotsera madzimadzi. carbon monoxide ndi mchenga.

Kuyenga mafuta kuti apange mafuta apamwamba kwambiri ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri kuposa kuyenga mpweya. Komano, kunyamula gasi panyanja n’kokwera mtengo kwambiri ndiponso n’kovuta. Ma tanki a LPG ndi ovuta kupanga, koma zonyamula LNG ndi chilengedwe chodabwitsa. Butane liquefies pa -2 madigiri, pamene propane liquefies pa -42 madigiri kapena ndi otsika kuthamanga. Komabe, pamafunika madigiri -165 kuti musungunuke methane! Chifukwa chake, kupanga ma tanker a LPG kumafunikira masiteshoni osavuta a kompresa kuposa gasi ndi akasinja achilengedwe omwe amapangidwa kuti azitha kupirira kupsinjika kwakukulu kwa 20-25 bar. Mosiyana ndi izi, akasinja a gasi achilengedwe amakhala ndi zida zozizirira mosalekeza komanso akasinja otetezedwa kwambiri - makamaka, ma colossi ndi mafiriji akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, gawo lina la gasi limatha "kusiya" makhazikitsidwe awa, koma makina ena nthawi yomweyo amawalanda ndikumadyetsa mu masilindala a injini ya sitimayo.

Pazifukwa zomwe zili pamwambazi, ndizomveka kuti kale mu 1927 teknoloji inalola kuti akasinja oyambirira a propane-butane apulumuke. Iyi ndi ntchito ya Dutch-English Shell, yomwe panthawiyo inali kale kampani yaikulu. Bwana wake Kessler ndi munthu wotsogola komanso woyesera yemwe wakhala akulakalaka kugwiritsa ntchito mwanjira ina kuchuluka kwa gasi komwe kwatsikira mumlengalenga mpaka pano kapena kuwotchedwa m'malo oyenga mafuta. Pamalingaliro ndi zomwe adachita, sitima yoyamba yapanyanja yonyamula matani 4700 idapangidwa kuti izitha kunyamula mipweya ya hydrocarbon yokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso ochititsa chidwi pamwamba pa akasinja.

Komabe, zaka zina makumi atatu ndi ziwiri zikufunika kuti amange chonyamulira cha methane cha Methane Pioneer choyamba, chomangidwa ndi dongosolo la kampani yamafuta ya Constock International Methane Limited. Shell, yomwe ili ndi zomangamanga zokhazikika zopangira ndi kugawa LPG, idagula kampaniyi, ndipo posakhalitsa anamanganso akasinja akuluakulu awiri - Shell anayamba kupanga bizinesi ya gasi yachilengedwe. Pamene anthu okhala pachilumba cha Chingerezi cha Conway, kumene kampaniyo ikumanga malo osungiramo methane, amazindikira zomwe zimasungidwa ndi kutumizidwa ku chilumba chawo, amadabwa ndi mantha, kuganiza (ndi moyenerera) kuti zombozo ndi mabomba akuluakulu. Ndiye vuto la chitetezo linali lofunika kwambiri, koma lero matanki onyamula methane yamadzimadzi ndi otetezeka kwambiri ndipo si amodzi okha mwa otetezeka kwambiri, komanso amodzi mwa zombo zapamadzi zomwe zimateteza zachilengedwe - zotetezeka kwambiri kwa chilengedwe kuposa matanki amafuta. Makasitomala akulu kwambiri pazombo zonyamula mafuta ndi Japan, yomwe ilibe mphamvu zakumaloko, ndipo kupanga mapaipi amafuta pachilumbachi ndizovuta kwambiri. Japan ilinso ndi "paki" yayikulu kwambiri yamagalimoto agasi. Akuluakulu ogulitsa gasi wachilengedwe (LNG) lero ndi United States, Oman ndi Qatar, Canada.

Posachedwapa, bizinesi yopanga ma hydrocarbons amadzimadzi kuchokera ku gasi yakula kwambiri. Awa ndi mafuta a dizilo osayera kwambiri opangidwa kuchokera ku methane, ndipo makampaniwa akuyembekezeka kukula mwachangu mtsogolomo. Mwachitsanzo, mfundo za mphamvu za Bush zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi a m'deralo, ndipo Alaska ili ndi malo ambiri a gasi. Njirazi zimalimbikitsidwa ndi mitengo yamafuta okwera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zofunikira pakupanga matekinoloje okwera mtengo - GTL (Gas-to-Liquids) ndi amodzi mwa iwo.

Kwenikweni, GTL siukadaulo watsopano. Idapangidwa m'ma 20 ndi akatswiri azamankhwala aku Germany Franz Fischer ndi Hans Tropsch, omwe adatchulidwa m'nkhani zam'mbuyomu ngati gawo la pulogalamu yawo yopanga. Komabe, mosiyana ndi hydrogenation yowononga ya malasha, njira zophatikizira mamolekyu opepuka kukhala zomangira zazitali zimachitika pano. South Africa yakhala ikupanga mafuta oterowo pamlingo wa mafakitale kuyambira m'ma 50. Komabe, chidwi mwa iwo chakula m’zaka zaposachedwa pofunafuna mipata yatsopano yochepetsera mpweya woipa wamafuta ku United States. Makampani akuluakulu amafuta monga BP, ChevronTexaco, Conoco, ExxonMobil, Rentech, Sasol ndi Royal Dutch/Shell akuwononga ndalama zambiri popanga matekinoloje okhudzana ndi GTL, ndipo chifukwa cha zomwe zikuchitikazi, ndale ndi chikhalidwe zikukambidwa mokulira mu nkhope ya zolimbikitsa. misonkho pa ogula mafuta aukhondo. Mafuta amenewa adzalola anthu ambiri ogula mafuta a dizilo kuti alowe m’malo mwawo n’kukhala osawononga chilengedwe ndipo adzachepetsa ndalama zimene makampani amagalimoto amawononga kuti akwaniritse utsi woipa wokhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo. Kuyesa mozama kwaposachedwa kukuwonetsa kuti mafuta a GTL amachepetsa mpweya wa monoxide ndi 90%, ma hydrocarbon ndi 63% ndi mwaye ndi 23% popanda kufunikira kwa zosefera za dizilo. Kuonjezera apo, chikhalidwe chochepa cha sulfure cha mafutawa chimalola kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zowonjezera zomwe zingathe kuchepetsa kutulutsa magalimoto.

Ubwino wofunikira wamafuta a GTL ndikuti amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito molunjika mu injini za dizilo popanda kusintha kwa mayunitsi. Zitha kuphatikizidwanso ndi mafuta okhala ndi 30 mpaka 60 ppm sulfure. Mosiyana ndi gasi wachilengedwe komanso mpweya wamafuta amafuta, palibe chifukwa chosinthira zoyendera zomwe zilipo kale kuti zizinyamula mafuta amafuta. Malinga ndi Purezidenti wa Rentech, a Denis Yakubson, mafuta amtunduwu atha kuthandizira kuthekera kwachuma kwa injini za dizilo, ndipo a Shell pakadali pano akupanga fakitale yayikulu $ 22,3 biliyoni ku Qatar yomwe imatha kupanga malita XNUMX miliyoni a mafuta tsiku lililonse. ... Vuto lalikulu pamafutawa limabwera chifukwa chachuma chomwe chimafunikira m'malo atsopano komanso njira zotsika mtengo kwambiri.

Zachilengedwe

Komabe, gwero la methane simalo apansi apansi okha. Mu 1808 Humphry Davy anayesa ndi udzu woikidwa mu vacuum retort ndipo anapanga biogas munali makamaka methane, carbon dioxide, haidrojeni ndi nayitrogeni. Daniel Defoe amalankhulanso za biogas mu buku lake la "chilumba chotayika". Komabe, mbiri ya lingaliro ili ndi yakale kwambiri - m'zaka za m'ma 1776, Jan Baptista Van Helmont ankakhulupirira kuti mpweya woyaka ukhoza kupezedwa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zamoyo, ndipo Count Alexander Volta (mlengi wa batri) nayenso anafika pamalingaliro ofanana. mu 1859. Malo oyamba opangira mafuta a biogas adayamba kugwira ntchito ku Bombay ndipo adakhazikitsidwa mchaka chomwe Edwin Drake adapanga pobowola mafuta opambana. Kampani ina ya ku India imachotsa ndowe ndi kupereka mpweya wopangira nyali za m'misewu.

Zitenga nthawi yayitali kuti njira zopangira ma biogas zisamvetsetsedwe ndikuphunziridwa. Izi zidatheka kokha mzaka za m'ma 30s ndipo ndi zotsatira za kulumpha pakukula kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Zikuoneka kuti njirayi imayambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya a anaerobic, omwe ndi amodzi mwamitundu yakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Iwo "akupera" zinthu zakuthupi m'malo a anaerobic (kuwonongeka kwa aerobic kumafuna mpweya wambiri ndikupanga kutentha). Njira zoterezi zimachitikanso mwachilengedwe m'madambo, madambo, minda ya paddy, madambo okutidwa, ndi zina zambiri.

Njira zamakono zopangira gasi wa biogas zikuchulukirachulukira m'maiko ena, ndipo dziko la Sweden likutsogola pakupanga gasi wa biogas komanso magalimoto omwe amasinthidwa kuti aziyendera. Magawo a kaphatikizidwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma biogenerator opangidwa mwapadera, zida zotsika mtengo komanso zosavuta zomwe zimapanga malo abwino a mabakiteriya, omwe, malinga ndi mtundu wawo, "amagwira ntchito" bwino kwambiri pa kutentha kuyambira 40 mpaka 60 madigiri. Mapeto a zomera za biogas, kuwonjezera pa gasi, amakhalanso ndi mankhwala olemera mu ammonia, phosphorous ndi zinthu zina zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito paulimi monga feteleza wa nthaka.