Mafuta amtundu wina - osati kuchokera kumalo opangira mafuta okha!

Magalimoto okwera anthu, komanso ma vani ndi magalimoto, sayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta wamba kuti aziyendetsa magalimoto awo. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, pali njira zina zowonjezera zachilengedwe zomwe zimachepetsanso ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Chitsanzo chodziwika kwambiri ndi gasi wamadzimadzi, omwe amatha kudzazidwa pafupifupi pafupifupi malo aliwonse amafuta mdziko lathu. Inde, pali zitsanzo zambiri, ndipo mafuta ena ali ndi tsogolo!

Mafuta amtundu wina samangotengera mtengo wake!

N’zoona kuti tikamaganizira za zinthu zimene zingalowe m’malo mwa mafuta oyaka mafuta amene amayendetsa injini za galimoto zathu, munthu sangalephere kuganizira za mtengo wa ntchitoyo. Ndipo ngakhale mtengo wamafuta umalimbikitsa anthu kufunafuna njira zina, mbali ya chilengedwe ndiyofunikira kwambiri. Kutulutsa ndi kuwotcha mafuta osapsa kumalemetsa chilengedwe ndipo kumapangitsa kuti mpweya wowonjezera kutentha utuluke komanso, mwachitsanzo, kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha. mwaye particles, amenenso amachititsa utsi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mayiko ena ndi maboma akutsindika kwambiri za kuchepetsa mpweya wa galimoto komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zachilengedwe zopangira magalimoto.

Hydrogen ngati njira ina yopangira mphamvu

Mosakayikira, haidrojeni ndi imodzi mwa malo abwino kwambiri pamakampani opanga magalimoto - zopangidwa ku Japan, motsogozedwa ndi Toyota ndi Honda, zikutsogolera chitukuko chaukadaulo uwu. Ubwino waukulu wa haidrojeni pamagalimoto amagetsi omwe akuchulukirachulukira ndi nthawi yowonjezera mafuta (mphindi zochepa poyerekeza ndi maola angapo) komanso kuchuluka kwakukulu. Mayendedwe oyendetsa ndi ofanana ndi magalimoto amagetsi chifukwa magalimoto a haidrojeni amakhalanso ndi ma mota amagetsi (hydrogen imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa ma jenereta). Panthawi yoyendetsa galimoto, madzi okhawo omwe ali ndi demineralized amatayidwa kunja. Mafutawo amatha kutengedwa kuchokera kumadera omwe ali ndi mphamvu zowonjezera (mwachitsanzo, Patagonia ya ku Argentina, kumene mphamvu yamphepo imagwiritsidwa ntchito).

CNG ndi LPG zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa

Zina, mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi gasi ndi propane-butane. Ngati tilankhula za mpweya wonyezimira, ndiye kuti dziko lathu ndi limodzi mwa mayiko omwe ali ndi "gasi" padziko lonse lapansi (magalimoto ambiri omwe akuyenda pamafuta awa amalembedwa ku Turkey kokha), ndipo methane siidziwika bwino, mwachitsanzo, ku Italy kapena ku Italy. pakati pa nzika. mabasi m'mizinda ikuluikulu padziko lapansi. Propane-butane ndi yotsika mtengo, ndipo ikawotchedwa, zinthu zocheperapo kwambiri zimatulutsidwa kuposa mafuta. LNG ikhoza kubwera kuchokera kuzinthu zachikhalidwe komanso kuwira kwa biomass, monga gasi - nthawi iliyonse, kuyaka kwake kumatulutsa poizoni wocheperako komanso CO2 kuposa mafuta ndi dizilo.

Ma biofuel - kupanga mafuta amtundu wina kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe

Magalimoto ambiri osinthidwa kuti awotche mafuta wamba amatha kusinthidwa mosavuta kukhala magalimoto omwe amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe. Chitsanzo ndi, mwachitsanzo, biodiesel, yomwe ndi yosakaniza mafuta a masamba ndi methanol, kuti apange mafuta otayika kuchokera kumalo odyetserako zakudya angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ma dizilo akale amatha kuyendetsa ngakhale mwachindunji pamafuta, koma m'nyengo yozizira makina otenthetsera madzi amafunikira. Mafuta ena amafuta amafuta amaphatikizapo: ethanol (makamaka otchuka ku South America) ndipo amatchedwa biogasoline E85, ndiko kuti, osakaniza a ethanol ndi mafuta omwe ma drive amasiku ano ayenera kuthana nawo.

Mafuta a RDF - njira yogwiritsira ntchito zinyalala?

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri ndikubwezeretsanso mphamvu kuchokera ku zinyalala zomwe zimatchedwa rdf mafuta (mafuta opangira zinyalala). Ambiri a iwo amadziwika ndi mtengo wapatali wa mphamvu, kufika ngakhale 14-19 MJ / kg. Zokonzedwa bwino zachiwiri zimatha kukhala zophatikizika ndi mafuta azikhalidwe kapena ngakhale kuzisintha kwathunthu. Ntchito ikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi kuti agwiritse ntchito pulasitiki ya pyrolysis ndi mafuta ogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta omwe amatha kuwotcha injini za dizilo - njira iyi yosinthira zinyalala imatulutsa kuipitsidwa kochepa ndipo imakupatsani mwayi wochotsa zinyalala zovuta kupita nazo kumalo otayirako. Masiku ano amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, ndi zomera za simenti.

Kodi Lamulo la Magalimoto Amagetsi lidzasintha msika wamagalimoto aku Poland?

Pokambirana za mutu wa mafuta ena, sizingatheke kuti tisakambirane nkhani ya magalimoto amagetsi. Amakulolani kuti muthetsetu kutulutsa kwa zinthu zovulaza panthawi yoyenda, zomwe zimangowonjezera mpweya wabwino m'mizinda. Electric Mobility Act imapatsa mphotho chisankho chotere, ndipo zotsatira zake mosakayikira zidzakhala kutchuka kwa magalimoto amagetsi. Kale lero, m'maiko ena a EU membala, zosintha zitha kuwoneka panjira yochotsa kaboni ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a chilengedwe. Mpaka pano, iyi si njira yabwino kwambiri yotetezera zachilengedwe m'dziko lathu, chifukwa chakuti magetsi amachokera makamaka kuchokera ku malasha, koma malangizo a kusintha kosalekeza akuwonetsa maganizo abwino.

Kodi muyenera kugula galimoto yamagetsi lero?

Mosakayikira, zochitika zamakono pakati pa omwe akufunafuna mafuta ena ndi kuyendetsa galimoto ndi galimoto yamagetsi. Izi zingathandizedi kuchepetsa utsi ndi kuipitsa m’deralo, kuchepetsa mpweya wa carbon ndi kusunga ndalama zambiri. Kale lero, mutasankha kugula galimoto yamagetsi, mukhoza kusunga zambiri, ndipo chiwerengero cha zitsanzo zogwiritsira ntchito mtundu wina wa galimoto zikuwonjezeka nthawi zonse, ndipo mitengo yawo ikugwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kupeza zolipiritsa zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtengo wogula ukhale wosavuta kumeza. Komabe, musanaganize zogula, muyenera kudziwa komwe kuli malo othamangitsira omwe ali pafupi ndikuwerengera kuti mupanga ma kilomita angati pachaka - ndi magetsi opindulitsa kwambiri.

Mafuta ena ongowonjezedwanso agalimoto zamagalimoto - zomwe zizikhala ndi ife

Kaya tikulankhula za chomera chomwe chimalola kugwiritsa ntchito gasi, biodiesel kapena mafuta ena, kapena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu zomwe zili mu zinyalala, magalimoto omwe akuyenda pamafuta ena ndi mtsogolo. Kuzindikira bwino za chilengedwe, komanso mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri amafuta omwe amapezeka mwanjira imeneyi, zikutanthauza kuti agwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popangira magalimoto amakono. Osati kokha kwa zikwama zathu, komanso za chilengedwe ndi khalidwe la mpweya umene timapuma.