Alfa Romeo Spider. Chiwonetsero cha Brand
Pamene chinali chatsopano, chinali lingaliro lolimba mtima la galimoto yosangalatsa. Kulimba mtima kwambiri kwa ena. Udindo wa kanema ndi kupita kwa nthawi zidasintha chilichonse. Alfa Spider adakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Ambiri mwa adani ake ndi atolankhani ambiri omwe adapachika agalu pa iye adapulumuka.
Anthu a ku Italiya anaiyerekeza mwamphamvu ndi fupa la cuttlefish (Chiitaliya: osso di seppia), nembanemba yamtunda wautali m'thupi la cephalopod. Obereketsa Canary amadziwa chomwe chiri. Mafupa a Cuttlefish amaikidwa m'makola a mbalame monga gwero la calcium, makamaka pa kuswana, kusungunuka ndi kusasitsa. M'kupita kwa nthawi, dzina lotchulidwira linakhalabe ndi m'badwo woyamba wa Spiders ndipo linataya matchulidwe ake oipa.
Zaka makumi asanu zapitazo, mawonekedwe a Alfa Romeo Spider akhoza kukhala odabwitsa, makamaka poyerekeza ndi anthu oyendetsa msewu a ku Britain a nthawiyo. Zinali zowongoka bwino, zokhala ndi nyali zooneka ngati oval, ndipo mkati mwake wautali ndi waufupi wamkati zinapangitsa kuti ikhale yofanana ndi bwato la injini.
Silhouette idapangidwa ndi studio ya Pininfarina, yomwe idafotokozera molimba mtima mawonekedwe a magalimoto, kudalira kukongola kwa "zaka za atomu". Zotsatira za Spider wapambuyo pake zitha kupezeka m'gulu la Super Flow la prototypes kuyambira theka lachiwiri la 50s, omwe matupi awo ophwanyidwa okhala ndi matupi owoneka bwino ophimba malo okwera ndege (ndi zina) adapangitsa kuti ziwoneke ngati mawilo omwe amawamanga pansi anali akanthawi. zowonjezera.
The kuwonekera koyamba kugulu "Alfa Spider" chinachitika pa Geneva Njinga Show m'chaka cha 1966. Analandiridwa ndi kudziletsa, ngakhale zinkawoneka kuti magalimoto ambiri othamanga ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Jaguar E mu 1961 anazolowera anthu kuti "zikondamoyo" mawonekedwe a galimoto. thupi. Mwamwayi, mpumulo unachokera kumsika wofunikira wa "achinyamata omwe ali ndi bajeti ya 1967": US. Mu XNUMX, Khrisimasi itangotsala pang'ono, sewero la "The Graduate" lidatuluka paziwonetsero ndi Dustin Hoffman wodabwitsa komanso galimoto yake yokongola paudindo wotsogolera. Alfa Romeo wofiira ankawoneka wokongola ngati Anne Bancroft monga Akazi a Bancroft. Robinson, ndipo adasuntha monyengerera. Galimotoyo idakopa chidwi, ngakhale kupanga kwake kwapachaka sikunadutse ziwerengero zinayi.
Muzochitika zabwino kwambiri, mu 1991 panali 907 3 mwa iwo. Kufuna kumadalira kwambiri momwe chuma chikuyendera pamsika waku US ndikusinthasintha. Pavuto la 1981, magawo 165 okha adamangidwa.
Spider idayandama chifukwa inali gwero labwino landalama komanso "chida chogulitsira". Inamangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochokera ku Giulia wotchuka, kuphatikizapo chassis yofupikitsidwa, kotero inali yotsika mtengo kupanga. Inali ndi kuyimitsidwa koyima pawiri koyimirira kutsogolo. Kumbuyo kwake kunali chitsulo cholimba chokhala ndi zolakalaka komanso kulumikizana. Kuphatikiza apo, ma axles onse anali ndi akasupe a ma coil komanso zotulutsa ma telescopic shock. Mabuleki a disc anali pamawilo onse. Injini ya silinda inayi idaphatikizidwa ndi bokosi la giya lothamanga asanu kuyambira pachiyambi. Pakatikati mwa zaka za m'ma 60, awa anali njira zamakono zomwe sizinkawoneka kawirikawiri, makamaka pamagulu athunthu. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chinayankhula ndi madalaivala chinali aura ya galimotoyo. Kukongola kwake, nsonga zamasewera komanso zabwino zonse zomwe galimoto yopanda denga ili nayo.
Kangaude anali chiwonetsero cha mtunduwo. Ankafuna kupanga magalimoto osangalatsa kuyendetsa, ndipo imeneyo inali chitsanzo chomwe chinapatsa chisangalalo chochuluka. Iye anali wofulumira, koma osati kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi Alf Romeos ena, nthawi zambiri sanapikisane ndi chidwi ndi zotsatira zapamwamba mu motorsport. Chinachake chinapangitsa kuti madalaivala azikonda kugwiritsa ntchito maulendo osasamala, m'malo momenya nkhondo kwa zana limodzi la sekondi.
Poyamba adapereka 1600 Duetto yokhala ndi 109 hp. idasinthidwa mu 1967 ndi 1750 Veloce yokhala ndi 118 hp. (ku USA ngakhale 1 hp) ndi 32 Junior ndi 1 hp. mu 300. Kuyambira pamenepo mpaka kumapeto, gulu la Spider linali ndi njira ziwiri. : chofooka ndi champhamvu. Maonekedwe ake amasinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti agwirizane ndi zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano. Kusintha koonekeratu kunali msana wathyathyathya, wodulidwa ndi opanga mu '89. Anthu aku Italiya amatcha mtundu uwu "coda tronca" - mchira waufupi. Mu 1968, mndandanda wa 1969a adasiya zovundikira zowunikira zowunikira zokhala ndi pulasitiki. Komabe, zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Europe kokha, magalimoto otumizidwa ku USA analibe. Ajeremani amalankhula za m'badwo wachitatu wa Spider "Gummilippe", kutanthauza "milomo ya mphira".
Zosintha zomwe zidapangidwa mokakamizidwa ndi mafashoni osakhalitsa komanso malamulo achitetezo aku America sizinawonjezere kukongola kwagalimoto nthawi zonse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mtundu wa pre-1969 wokhala ndi zozungulira kumbuyo umayamikiridwa kwambiri. Idatchulidwa mwachidwi ndi anthu aku Italiya m'badwo waposachedwa kwambiri wa Spider 1990 wa 9-3, womwe uli pagulu la magalimoto "nostalgic". Zili bwino kwambiri kuposa Volkswagen New Beetle, mwachitsanzo, kuti ndizochokera ku choyambirira. Monga gawo la mndandanda waposachedwa, Alfa adapatsa anthu aku America mphatso ngati zidutswa 190 zachikumbutso cha Spider Veloce CE (Commemorative Edition). Aliyense wa iwo anali ndi baji yokhala ndi nambala pa bolodi. Iwo anapereka monga "chitsanzo 1994". Panalinso mndandanda wapadera, kuphatikizapo. "Niki Lauda" mu 1978 ndi "Bote" mu 1991, mouziridwa ndi French fashion designer Jean-Louis Scherrer.
Mu mndandanda wachinayi, kwa nthawi yoyamba, 3-speed "automatic" inaperekedwa ngati njira. M'mbuyomu, fakitale idayamba kupereka nsonga yochotsamo yolimba. Panalinso mtundu wa Targa, wokhala ndi denga lochotsamo pamwamba pa mipando. Njira ya 2 + 2 idawunikiranso pakuperekedwa, komwe sikunatenthetse kwa nthawi yayitali, popeza mpando wakumbuyo sunalole kuyika malamba.
Pafupifupi zaka 30, akangaude 124 adamangidwa. Ubwino wa Alpha si "kuchuluka", koma "khalidwe". Amakumbukiridwa ndi anthu, monga zikuwonetseredwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mayina amatchulidwe operekedwa kwa mibadwo yeniyeni ya iye. Pafupifupi Alpha iliyonse imakopa chidwi, koma Kangaude yekha ndiye ali ndi kukongola kwachitaliyana, kusasamala, kokhazikika.
Nthawi zinayi
Kangaudeyo adapangidwa kwa zaka 27. Mibadwo inayi inalengedwa. 1a yoyamba "osso di seppia" kuyambira 1966-69 inali ndi kumbuyo kozungulira. 2a ya 1969-81 inali yofupikitsidwa, yodulidwa molunjika "Kamma back". The 3-1982 "Aerodinamica" 89a, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti "duck rump", idakutidwa ndi pulasitiki yakuda ndikuyipiridwa ndi chowononga chachikulu chakumbuyo.
Wachinayi 4a "Ultima" wa 1990-93 anabwerera ku chiyero choyambirira. Ngakhale kuti analandira mabamper aakulu, anali ndi utoto wamtundu wa thupi. Mgolowu, wokhala ndi kachingwe kakang'ono kakang'ono ka magetsi oyenda m'lifupi mwake monse, yopendekeka bwino komanso yopindika m'mbali.
Spider anali ndi injini 4 yamphamvu ndi kusamuka (ozungulira) 1300, 1600, 1750 ndi 2000 cm3 mu Mabaibulo angapo. Ofooka adafika 89, wamphamvu kwambiri 132 hp.
Duet kwa awiri
Dzina losavomerezeka ili liyenera kukhala dzina lachitsanzo. Idasankhidwa pampikisano, koma, mwatsoka, zidapezeka kuti kampani ina idazisunga. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza mtundu wapachiyambi ndi injini ya 1600. Dzina lakuti Junior linagwiritsidwa ntchito ponena za matembenuzidwe apambuyo omwe ali ndi injini zofooka, Veloce ndi amphamvu kwambiri. Mu 1986, Quadrifoglio Verde (Italy ya masamba anayi clover) inawonekera, ponena za magalimoto othamanga. Ku US, kuyambira 1985 mpaka 1990, "Graduate" wodzichepetsa adagulitsidwanso.
Julia, Juliet...
Mainjini a akangaude anali osilira. Anali ndi chipika chopepuka cha alloy ndi mutu, ndi ma camshaft apawiri apamwamba (DOHC), koma ma valve awiri okha pa silinda. Kampaniyo idawagwiritsa ntchito pazosintha zambiri m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zidasintha kuchokera ku injini ya 1290 cc twin-shaft. cm, yomwe idayambitsidwa mchaka cha 3 pa Alfa Romeo Giulietta. Anathetsedwa kokha mu 1954, ndipo zomasulira zomaliza, zomwe zinayikidwa pazithunzi za 1994, 75 ndi 155 za Alfa, zinali ndi nthawi yosinthika ya valve, jekeseni wamagetsi ndi ma spark plugs pa silinda (Twin Spark).
Zosankha zaukadaulo za Alfa Romeo Spider
| lachitsanzo | Spider 1600 Masewera a Duet 1a | Fast Spider 2000 mndandanda 2a | Spider 2.0 mndandanda 4a |
| Yearbook | 1966 | 1975 | 1994 |
| Mtundu wa thupi/ Chiwerengero cha zitseko | kangaude/2 | kangaude/2 | kangaude/2 |
| mipando ingapo | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Miyeso ndi kulemera kwake | |||
| Utali wautali/ kutalika (mm) | 4250/1630/1290 | 4120/1630/1290 | 4258/1630/1290 |
| Njira ya gudumu kutsogolo / kumbuyo (mm) | 1310/1270 | 1324/1274 | 1324/1274 |
| Mawilo (mm) | 2250 | 2250 | 2250 |
| Kulemera kwake (kg) | 990 | 1040 | 1110 |
| mphamvu thunthu (l) | 230 | 300 | 300 |
| mphamvu thanki yamafuta (l) | 46 | 51 | 46 |
| Drive system | |||
| Mtundu wamafuta | mafuta | mafuta | mafuta |
| Chiwerengero cha masilindala | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| mphamvu injini (cm3) | 1570 | 1962 | 1962 |
| gwero loyendetsa | kumbuyo | kumbuyo | kumbuyo |
| Mtundu wotumizira / chiwerengero cha magiya | buku / 5 | buku / 5 | buku / 5 |
| Kukonzekera | |||
| Mphamvu (hp) pa rpm | 109 pa 6000 | 128 pa 5300 | 126 pa 5800 |
| Torque (Nm) pa rpm | 139 pa 2800 | 186 pa 3500 | 167 pa 4200 |
| mathamangitsidwe 0-100 km/h(m) | 10,3 | 9 | 9 |
| Liwiro opambana (km/h) | 185 | 192 | 192 |
| Avereji ya mafuta (l / 100 km) | 9 | 10,4 | 8,7 |
