Hydroplaning - pamene chilengedwe chimasonyeza mphamvu zake

Ngakhale kuti ichi ndi chiyambi chabe cha chaka, ndipo chisanu chachisanu sichinatilole kuti tiiwale za ife tokha, ndi thaws yoyamba, ndi nthawi yoti tiyang'ane chodabwitsa chomwe chili chofunika kwambiri pakuwona chitetezo chathu. panjira. Komabe, maenje a m’mphepete mwa msewu, amene tsopano akupangika ngati bowa pambuyo pa mvula, adzadzaza ndi chipale chofewa. Mitsinje yopangidwa ndi mvula yamasika isanalowe m'misewu yomwe imadziwika kuti misewu ya ku Poland, ndi bwino kutenga nthawi kuti mumvetsetse zomwe zimachitika pa hydroplaning.

Othandizira chiyero cha chinenero chathu adzakondadi mawu akuti aquaplaning kapena pilo madzi. Kumbali ina, iwo amene amakonda kuyenda zinenero amamvanso mawu akuti "hydroplaning". Mawu onsewa ndi osinthika. Nthawi zambiri, malinga ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana a akatswiri, apolisi ndi omanga misewu, mutuwu umawonekera pazochitika zomwe zingatheke kapena zovuta zenizeni ndi kugwidwa kwa galimoto pamsewu. Ndi chiyani kwenikweni komanso momwe mungathanirane ndi chodabwitsa ichi komanso chowopsa kwambiri? Zimachitika liti? Kapena mwina ife tokha ndife olakwa ake? Tiyeni tiwone.

Choyamba, tiyeni tiyambe ndi tanthauzo. M'mawu osavuta, hydroplaning mu makampani oyendetsa galimoto ndizochitika za kutaya mphamvu pamene mukuyendetsa galimoto chifukwa cha mapangidwe a madzi pakati pa phula ndi tayala. Pamene tayala (pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana) silingathe kuchotsa madzi okwanira omwe amaunjikana kutsogolo kwake ngati mawonekedwe a mafunde, chotchedwa chedge chamadzi chimachitika. Ndi mphamvu zonse zafizikiki, idzakhazikika pakati pa tayala ndi msewu, kuchepetsa kwambiri kagwiridwe ka galimoto ndikutha kusweka bwino! Kumbali ya dalaivala, hydroplaning amamva ngati kuyendetsa pa ayezi. Uku sikukokomeza! Kodi ndingakumanenso nazo poyendetsa tsiku ndi tsiku? Inde! Ndipo nthawi zambiri kuposa momwe tonse timaganizira. Ndikugwira ntchito ku Subaru Driving School, nthawi zambiri ndimayenera kuwona kudabwa kwa omwe akuyamba maphunziro a digiri yoyamba pomwe, mu gawo lazambiri, mothandizidwa ndi kanema wamaphunziro, chitsanzo cha machitidwe agalimoto mu ngalande yokonzedwa mwapadera idaperekedwa. . zinaperekedwa. Mwa njira, zomwe Ajeremani kapena a ku Austria ali ndi gawo lophunzitsira lomwe linapangidwira zolinga za maphunziro, ndiye kuti Poland ili ndi zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku. Kodi chinali chiyani pamenepo? Chabwino, ndidalowa m'madzi opangidwa mongopanga, aatali komanso akuya (masentimita 1 okha!). Kuthamanga kwa 80 km / h, galimoto yopanda makina othandizira oyendetsa galimoto. Kuwombera kumayamba ndi kuwombera kwakukulu komwe galimoto imatha kuwoneka ikufa m'madzi akulu otulutsidwa pansi pa mawilo. Zochitika zenizeni zimayamba. Wotchi yagalimoto ikuwonetsedwa, yomwe ikuwonetseratu momwe, ngakhale gasi wowonjezera, liwiro limakhalabe losasinthika, ndipo kusinthika kumawonjezeka kwambiri nthawi iliyonse yoponderezedwa yoyenera. Kumverera kumeneku kuli pafupifupi 100% molingana ndi kwathu clutch yasiya kugwira ntchito. Aka ndi koyamba kukumana ndi hydroplaning. Choopsa ndi chiyani pamenepa? Tiyeni tiwone filimu yotsatira. Zodabwitsa zomwe tatchulazi zinali zotani kwa omwe adawona chochitika chofanizira "kuchokera mkati". Chodabwitsa kwambiri nthawi zonse ndi nthawi yomwe, pofuna kuphunzitsa, mphunzitsi akuyamba kutembenuza chiwongolero pamene akuyendetsa molunjika. Kuti alimbikitse uthengawo, amatero kumalo okwera kwambiri a chiwongolero, kuchokera kumanja kupita kumanzere ndi kumbuyo. Ndiye chimachitika ndi chiyani kwa galimotoyo? Palibe, palibe zomwe zimachitika pamakina! Mawilo amatembenuka mobwerezabwereza, koma galimotoyo imayendayenda molunjika popanda kusokoneza. Kuyendetsa mamita otsatirawa, madalaivala ena angaganize kuti uwu ndi mwayi chabe wosangalala, kuopseza wokwera. Tsoka ilo, akatswiri asayansi sadziwa nthabwala. Kutembenuza chiwongolero muzochitika izi kungakhale ndi zotsatira zoopsa. Mlangizi amamaliza dala kukwera (kusiya chithaphwi) pa mawilo opotoka. Zotsatira zake? M’kuphethira kwa diso, adzipeza ali mumsewu womwe ukubwera, ndipo matayala anyowa, osatha kugwedezeka mokwanira, akuchititsa kuti ekseli yakumbuyo igwedezeke! Ndemanga ndiyosowa.

Kodi ndizotheka kulimbana ndi hydroplaning? Inde, koma osati kwenikweni. Ntchito yathu ngati dalaivala ndikuteteza pochepetsa kuopsa kwa zomwe zingachitike. Kuopsa kwa zochitika kumawonjezeka ndi liwiro lomwe timasuntha, makulidwe a filimu yamadzi pamtunda, kapena, potsirizira pake, mkhalidwe woipa wa matayala athu (kuzama kozama kapena kuipitsidwa). Choncho, timawonjezera chitetezo chathu moyenerera, pamene tikukhalabe odziletsa pakusintha liŵiro ku mikhalidwe ya pamsewu ndi kufunika kofika kunyumba mwamsanga. Tikamayendetsa mvula, timapewa malo amene madzi amaunjikana ndi kuyenda. Momwemonso, mumsewu wouma, tikawona madambo, timayesa kuwapewa, ndipo ngati sizingatheke, timachepetsa ndikuyesera kuwagonjetsa ndi mawilo owongoka, kupeŵa kuwongolera kwakuthwa ndi ma pedals ndi chiwongolero. Chifukwa chiyani? Choyamba, timachotsa chiopsezo cha chodabwitsa ichi poyenda pang'onopang'ono. Kachiwiri, ngati mudutsa molunjika, ngakhale zitachitika, skid idzakhala yoyenda (zowopsa kwambiri). Chachitatu, kuyendetsa mokhotakhota, monga tanenera mobwerezabwereza pa tsamba la "Safe Driving", kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti mphamvu yotsatizana ndi matayala imagwira ntchito. Amayamba kugwira ntchito, atapindika pansi pamphepete. Kukwera kwa matayala athu komanso mphamvu yayikulu (kuthamanga kwa ngodya kapena mawilo olimba), m'pamenenso matayala amawonongeka. Kodi zimenezi zikutanthauza chiyani kwa ife? Chabwino, ndizotheka kwambiri kuti mbali ina ya grooves yomwe imapangidwira kukhetsa madzi pansi pa mawilo "idzatseka" pafupifupi kwathunthu. Pankhaniyi, kuyesa kugonjetsa chithaphwi motsatizana kutha ndi kutsetsereka kochititsa chidwi kwa chitsulo chakutsogolo (understeer), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti magalimoto owopsa kwambiri. Timabwereranso ku mutu womwe umabwerezedwa nthawi zambiri wa kuyang'anitsitsa msewu, patali mokwanira kuti tikhale ndi nthawi yokonzekera kuyendetsa. Tiyeni tidzipatse ife tokha ndi ena ogwiritsa ntchito misewu mwayi kuti tikhale otetezeka panjira.

Nanga bwanji ngati chithaphwi chikuwoneka chosatha, ngati matope? Ngati tikuyenera kuyang'anizana nawo, ndithudi, ngati n'kotheka, timapita "nsonga za asphalt", kuyesera kuti tisakhudze mitsuko yodzaza madzi ndi mawilo. Ngati talowa kale njanjiyo, timakhala ndi liwiro lokhazikika ndipo, poyang'anira mtunda wa galimoto yomwe ili kutsogolo, musayese kusuntha. Ngati mkhalidwewo utikakamiza kutero, timayendetsa ndi kayendedwe kosalala koyendetsa (ngongole yaing’ono), kudikirira kuti tayala ligwedezeke. Mwanjira imeneyi, tidzapewa chiopsezo chosokoneza galimoto moopsa (monga momwe ndafotokozera muvidiyo yophunzitsira) chifukwa cha kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa mawilo omwe ali olimba kwambiri. Izi zingayambitse kugwedezeka, kugwedezeka kwaukali kwa galimoto yonse ndipo, chifukwa chake, skid mwadzidzidzi, kugwa pamsewu ndipo, nthawi zambiri, ngakhale rollover.

Pamasewera onsewa, timangobwereza mawu okhudza matayala. Zoonadi, ndizofunika kwambiri. Matayala abwino ochokera kwa opanga odziwika angathandize kwambiri chitetezo chathu. Komabe, sitidzatsimikizira kuti adzatiteteza kwathunthu ku hydroplaning. Ziribe kanthu kuti tisankhe tayala liti, liziwoneka nthawi zonse, kusiyana kudzakhala pa liwiro lomwe lidzawonekere. Opanga otsogola amaika ndalama zambiri zopangira kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, zomwe zimapereka mayankho ogwira mtima kwambiri m'derali. Komabe, machitidwe ena sasintha. Choyamba ndi mgwirizano pakati pa kukula kwa matayala ndi chizolowezi cha hydroplaning. Pamene matayala akuchulukira, m'pamenenso (pakuthamanga pang'onopang'ono) tidzataya mphamvu. Monga lamulo, matayala ocheperako sakhudzidwa ndi izi chifukwa chosowa madzi ocheperako. Ndikukumbukira kudabwa, ngakhale kukwiya, kwa anthu aŵiri amene anachita nawo maphunziro amene ndinachita nawo ku Tor Kielce. Onse adafika m'magalimoto amtengo wapatali kuposa PLN 300.000, okhala ndi zida zambiri zothandizira madalaivala, matayala abwino kwambiri a UHP (Ultra High Performance) ndikutsimikizira eni ake apamwamba pamsewu. Komabe, zenizeni ndi nkhanza. Fiziki ilibe nazo ntchito ndalama zomwe tawononga pagalimoto. Panthaŵi yophunzitsidwa mmene angagwiritsire ntchito mabuleki mwadzidzidzi, monga momwe anavomerezera pambuyo pake, anakumana ndi zododometsa zenizeni. Maphunzirowa anali kuyimitsa galimotoyo msangamsanga mumsewu wamadzi. Magalimoto a njonda zabwino kwambiri izi anali pa liwiro la 80 km / h kuti ayime mtunda wa mita 20 kuposa wa wophunzira wa filigree wa gulu lomwelo yemwe amayendetsa galimoto yabwinobwino. Kusiyana kwa kulemera kwa galimotoyo kunali kochepa, m'lifupi mwa matayala kunali kwakukulu! Ndikoyenera kudziwa za kudalira uku. Ndisanaganize zodutsa, chifukwa "kutsalira" mopanda chifundo kumbuyo kwagalimoto ndikochepa kwambiri kuposa ine.

Chabwino, tili ndi matayala abwino. Tikudziwa kuti hydroplaning ndi chiyani komanso momwe zimachitikira. Kusintha kuyendetsa tsiku ndi tsiku liwiro ku zochitika pamsewu, taphunzira kuyang'ana msewu ndikusankha njira mwanzeru, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha chodabwitsa ichi. Kodi ndizo zonse zomwe tiyenera kudziwa kuti tiyende bwino popanda zodabwitsa zosasangalatsa? Kuti tichite zimenezi, m'pofunika kutchula nkhani ina yofunika kwambiri. Za zomwe zimadedwa ndi madalaivala ambiri. Tiyeni tiyankhe funso ngati tili mgululi. Ndikunena za chisamaliro mwadongosolo olondola tayala kuthamanga. Chabwino, "mlendo" ndi wanzeru! Ndipotu, ndikasintha matayala a masika ndi autumn, vulcanizers amapopa magudumu athu. Ndipo kawirikawiri, palibe chomwe chingachitike ngati pali kusagwirizana. Tsoka ilo, mawu oterowo amakhalabe m'maganizo a madalaivala. Ili ndi mbali zambiri, ndipo lero nditha kutsimikizira okayikira kudzera mu prism ya chiopsezo cha aquaplaning. Kuti ndisaimbidwe mlandu wankhani yokondera, ndidzagwiritsa ntchito zotsatira za kafukufuku wodziyimira pawokha wochitidwa ndi ADAC yaku Germany, bungwe lomwe lili ndi malo osatsutsika pankhani yachitetezo cha pamsewu. Kuwoneka pafupi ndi izo kumasonyeza bwino momwe kutaya kwa kuthamanga kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha hydroplaning. Tikuwona kuti pansi pazikhalidwe zomwezo, pa liwiro lomwelo, kugwiritsa ntchito galimoto yomweyi ndi tayala, kutsika kwapakati kuchokera ku 2 mpaka 1,5 bar kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa tayala logwira pamwamba pa asphalt ndi 50%! Monga mphunzitsi, ndimakonda kuyang'ana zomwe zikuchitika kuzungulira ine. Ndimayang'ana yemwe akuyendetsa, chiyani komanso momwe matayala awo alili, momwe amagwirira chiwongolero - uku ndikokondera kotere. Ndikayang'ana magudumu, nthawi zambiri ndimawona matayala opunduka mopanda chibadwa, osakwera kwambiri. Ndikupangira kuyang'ana kuthamanga! Ma compressor tsopano akupezeka kwaulere pafupifupi masiteshoni akuluakulu aliwonse. Funso lokhalo ndiloti ngati chiwongola dzanja cha anthu chikugwira ntchito. Ngati ndakwanitsa kutsimikizira ena a inu kuti izi ndizoyenera kuchita, ndiye ndikupangira kugula kachingwe kakang'ono kamagetsi kamagetsi komwe kamakhala kokwanira mgalimoto ndikutipatsa chidaliro pakuyezera. Chida china chamunthu? Mwina ndi, kapena mwina chida chosavuta padziko lapansi chomwe chimakhudza chitetezo chathu. Funso ndiloti, kodi tidzapeza nthawi ndi chikhumbo chofuna kugwiritsa ntchito izi pamene tikufulumira? Njira yabwino.