Chitetezo cha Air Air cha Warsaw mu 1939

Chitetezo cha Air Air cha Warsaw mu 1939. Warsaw, Vienna Railway Station dera (ngodya ya Marszałkowska Street ndi Jerusalem Alley). 7,92mm Browning wz. 30 pamtunda wotsutsana ndi ndege.

Pankhondo yodzitchinjiriza ya Poland, gawo lofunika kwambiri linali nkhondo za Warsaw, zomwe zidamenyedwa mpaka pa Seputembara 27, 1939. Zochita pa nthaka zikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane. Zosadziwika bwino ndi nkhondo zoteteza ndege za likulu logwira ntchito, makamaka zida zankhondo zolimbana ndi ndege.

Kukonzekera kwa chitetezo cha ndege ku likulu kunachitika mu 1937. Iwo adagwirizana ndi kukhazikitsidwa ndi Purezidenti wa Republic of Poland mu June 1936 wa State Air Defense Inspectorate motsogozedwa ndi Major General V. Orlich-Drezer, ndipo pambuyo pa imfa yake yomvetsa chisoni pa July 17, 1936, brig. Dr. Jozef Zajonc. Omalizawa anayamba kugwira ntchito mu August 1936 pa bungwe la Air Defense ya boma. Mu April 1937, mothandizidwa ndi gulu lalikulu la antchito a zida zankhondo, asayansi ndi nthumwi za boma Boma, lingaliro la chitetezo mpweya boma linapangidwa. Chotsatira chake chinali kuikidwa m'dzikoli, mwa zina, malo 17 ofunika kwambiri pa zankhondo ndi zachuma, omwe anayenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo. M'madipatimenti a zigawo za asilikali, dongosolo loyang'anira gawo la mpweya linapangidwa. Malo aliwonse amayenera kuzunguliridwa ndi maunyolo awiri azithunzi, imodzi yomwe ili pamtunda wa makilomita 100 kuchokera pakati, ndipo ina 60 km. Positi iliyonse iyenera kukhala m'malo otalikirana makilomita 10 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake - kuti zonse pamodzi zipange dongosolo limodzi mdziko. Maudindowo anali ndi zosakaniza: zinaphatikizapo apolisi, akuluakulu omwe sanatumizidwe ndi anthu achitetezo omwe sanalembedwe usilikali, ogwira ntchito ku positi, ochita nawo maphunziro a usilikali, odzipereka (ma scouts, mamembala a Union of Air and Gas Defense) , komanso akazi. Zili ndi: telefoni, ma binoculars ndi kampasi. 800 mfundo zoterezi zidakonzedwa mdziko muno, ndipo mafoni awo adalumikizidwa ndi malo owonera dera (pakati). Pofika mu September 1939, pomanga nyumba ya Polish Post pamsewu. Poznanskaya ku Warsaw. Maukonde aakulu kwambiri a posts anafalikira kuzungulira Warsaw - 17 platoons ndi 12 posts.

Chida chinayikidwa pamaseti amafoni pamasinthidwe, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zizitha kulumikizana ndi malowo, kuzimitsa zokambirana zonse pamzere pakati pa positi ndi thanki yowonera. Pa thanki iliyonse panali akazembe okhala ndi magulu a maofesala omwe sanatumizidwe ndi ma signature wamba. Thankiyo idapangidwa kuti ilandire malipoti kuchokera kumalo owonera, kuchenjeza za malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo choipitsidwa, komanso thanki yayikulu yowonera. Ulalo womaliza unali chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chowongolera wamkulu wa chitetezo cha ndege mdziko muno komanso gawo lalikulu la likulu lake. Mapangidwe onse potengera kachulukidwe anali osauka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena akumadzulo. Choyipa china chinali chakuti adagwiritsa ntchito matelefoni ndi matelefoni a dzikolo, zomwe zinali zosavuta kuthyola panthawi yankhondo - ndipo izi zidachitika mwachangu.

Ntchito yolimbikitsa chitetezo cha ndege mdziko muno idakula mu 1938 makamaka mu 1939. Chiwopsezo cha kuukira kwa Germany ku Poland chinali kukhala chenicheni. M'chaka cha nkhondo, ma zloty 4 miliyoni okha adaperekedwa kuti apititse patsogolo maukonde owunika. Mabizinesi akuluakulu aboma adalamulidwa kuti agule ndi ndalama zawo gulu la 40-mm wz. 38 Bofors (ndalama PLN 350). M’mafakitalewo munayenera kukhala ndi antchito, ndipo maphunziro awo anaperekedwa ndi asilikali. Ogwira ntchito pafakitale ndi oyang'anira nkhokwe omwe adatumizidwa kwa iwo anali osakonzekera bwino kukonza mfuti zamakono komanso kulimbana ndi ndege za adani pamayendedwe ofulumira komanso ofupikitsa.

Mu March 1939, Brigadier General Dr. Józef Zajonc. M'mwezi womwewo, njira zinatengedwa kuti zipititse patsogolo luso la ntchito yowunika. Air Defense Command ya mzinda wa M. Troops. anafuna kwa akuluakulu a chigawo chigawo zopempha yokonza latsopano basi kuphana foni ndi matelefoni, kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha mizere mwachindunji foni, etc. malo: mawayilesi 1 a N13S ndi ma wayilesi 75 a RKD) .

Kuyambira pa Marichi 22 mpaka Marichi 25, 1939, oyendetsa ndege a III / 1st Fighter Squadron adachita nawo masewera olimbitsa thupi kuteteza mpanda wa likulu. Chifukwa cha izi, mipata idawonekera mu dongosolo loyang'anira chitetezo cha mzindawo. Choyipa kwambiri, zidapezeka kuti womenya PZL-11 anali wodekha kwambiri akafuna kuthana ndi mabomba othamanga a PZL-37 Łoś. Pankhani ya liwiro, inali yoyenera kumenyana ndi Fokker F. VII, Lublin R-XIII ndi PZL-23 Karaś. Zochitazo zinabwerezedwa m'miyezi yotsatira. Ndege zambiri za adani zinkauluka mothamanga kwambiri kapena mofulumira kuposa PZL-37 Łoś.

Warsaw sanaphatikizidwe mu dongosolo la lamulo la ntchito zankhondo pansi mu 1939. Poona kufunikira kwake kwakukulu kwa dziko - monga likulu la mphamvu za boma, malo akuluakulu ogulitsa mafakitale ndi malo ofunikira oyankhulana - anayenera kukonzekera kulimbana ndi ndege za adani. Njira yolumikizira njanji ya Warsaw yokhala ndi njanji ziwiri ndi milatho iwiri kudutsa Vistula idakhala yofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kulumikizana kosalekeza, zinali zotheka kusamutsa ankhondo kuchokera kum'mawa kwa Poland kupita kumadzulo, kutumiza katundu kapena kusuntha ankhondo.

Likululo linali mzinda waukulu kwambiri potengera kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso dera m’dzikolo. Mpaka September 1, 1939, anthu 1,307 miliyoni 380 miliyoni ankakhala mmenemo, kuphatikizapo 22 zikwi. Ayuda. Mzindawu unali waukulu: kuyambira Seputembara 1938, 14, idatambasula mahekitala 148 (141 km²), pomwe mbali yakumanzere inali mahekitala 9179 (nyumba 17 063), ndi banki yakumanja - mahekitala 4293 8435 (676 63). nyumba), ndi Vistula - pafupifupi 50 ha. Malire a mzindawo anali 14 km. Pa malo onse, kupatulapo Vistula, pafupifupi 5% ya malowa inamangidwa; m'misewu yokhala ndi zingwe ndi mabwalo, m'mapaki, mabwalo ndi manda - 1%; kumadera a njanji - 30% ndi kumadera amadzi - XNUMX%. Ena onse, mwachitsanzo, pafupifupi XNUMX%, adakhala ndi malo osatukuka okhala ndi madera osayalidwa, misewu ndi minda ya anthu.

Kukonzekera Chitetezo

Nkhondo isanayambe, mfundo za chitetezo cha ndege za likulu zidapangidwa. Mwa kulamula kwa mkulu wa chitetezo cha ndege ku Warsaw Center, gulu lachitetezo chokhazikika, chitetezo chokhazikika komanso thanki yoyang'aniranso yokhala ndi malo olumikizirana inali kulamulidwa. Gawo loyamba linaphatikizapo: ndege zankhondo, zida zankhondo zolimbana ndi ndege, mfuti zamakina, mabaluni otchinga, zowunikira zowunikira ndege. Kumbali inayi, chitetezo chokhazikika chinakhazikitsidwa pa munthu aliyense pansi pa utsogoleri wa boma ndi boma, komanso ozimitsa moto, apolisi, ndi zipatala.

Kubwerera ku chitetezo chokhazikika cha chotchinga, ndegeyo idaphatikizapo Pursuit Brigade yomwe idapangidwira ntchito imeneyi. Likulu lake lidakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo lolimbikitsa anthu m'mawa pa Ogasiti 24, 1939. Kumayambiriro kwa 1937, lingaliro linabadwa kuti lipange gulu lapadera la kusaka kuti liteteze likulu, lomwe linadzatchedwa Pursuit Brigade. Apa ndi pamene Chief Inspector of the Armed Forces adalamula kuti pakhale PTS Group for the Control Aviation of the Supreme High Command ndi ntchito yoteteza likulu. Kenako ankaganiziridwa kuti idzachokera kum’mawa. Gululo linapatsidwa magulu awiri a asilikali a Warsaw a 1 Air Regiment - III / 1 ndi IV / 1. Pakakhala nkhondo, magulu onse ankhondo (dions) adayenera kugwira ntchito kuchokera kumabwalo a ndege omwe ali pafupi ndi mzindawu. Malo awiri anasankhidwa: ku Zielonka, panthawiyo mzindawu unali makilomita 10 kum’maŵa kwa likulu, ndi m’famu ya Obora, makilomita 15 kum’mwera kwa mzindawo. Malo otsiriza adasinthidwa kukhala Pomiechowek, ndipo lero ndi gawo la chigawo cha Wieliszew.

Pambuyo chilengezo cha kusonkhanitsa mwadzidzidzi pa August 24, 1939, likulu la brigade linakhazikitsidwa, lomwe linali: mkulu wa asilikali - lieutenant colonel. Stefan Pawlikovsky (mtsogoleri wa 1 Air Regiment), wachiwiri kwa lieutenant colonel. Leopold Pamula, Chief of Staff - Major Dipl. kumwa. Eugeniusz Wyrwicki, wogwira ntchito zaluso - kaputeni. dipl. kumwa. Stefan Lashkevich, mkulu wa ntchito yapadera - mkulu. kumwa. Stefan Kolodynski, wamkulu waukadaulo, 1st lieutenant. zaukadaulo. Franciszek Centar, woyang'anira katundu Capt. kumwa. Tadeusz Grzymilas, mkulu wa likulu - kapu. kumwa. Julian Plodovsky, wothandizira - Lieutenant pansi. Zbigniew Kustrzynski. Kampani ya 5 yolimbana ndi ndege zanzeru zamawayilesi motsogozedwa ndi Captain V. General Tadeusz Legeżyński (1 N3 / S ndi 1 N2L / L wailesi) ndi kampani yachitetezo cha ndege ya eyapoti (8 platoons) - 650 Hotchkiss-mtundu wa mfuti zolemera zamakina ( mkulu wa asilikali Lieutenant Anthony Yazvetsky). Pambuyo kulimbikitsa brigade inkakhala pafupifupi 65 asilikali, kuphatikizapo 54 akuluakulu. Anali omenyana ndi 3, ndege za 8 RWD-1 (gulu lolankhulana No. 83) ndi oyendetsa ndege 24. Magulu awiriwa adapereka makiyi oyendetsa ndege ziwiri, zomwe zakhala zikugwira ntchito m'mahanga ku Okents kuyambira pa Ogasiti 1. Ziphaso za asirikali zidalandidwa ndipo adawaletsa kutuluka pabwalo la ndege. Oyendetsa ndege anali ndi zida zonse: masuti a chikopa, nsapato za ubweya ndi magolovesi, komanso mapu a madera ozungulira Warsaw pamlingo wa 300: 000 29. Magulu anayi adawuluka kuchokera ku Okentse kupita ku bwalo la ndege pa August 18 pa maola 00.

Brigade inali ndi magulu awiri a gulu loyamba la ndege: III / 1, yomwe inali ku Zielonka pafupi ndi Warsaw (mtsogoleri, captain Zdzislaw Krasnodenbsky: 1th ndi 111th fighter squadrons) ndi IV / 112, yomwe inapita ku Poniatow pafupi ndi Jablonna (mkulu wa asilikali Pilot. Adam Kowalczyk: 1th ndi 113th EM). Ponena za bwalo la ndege ku Poniatów, linali m'manja mwa Count Zdzisław Groholski, pamalo odziwika ndi okhalamo kuti Pyzhovy Kesh.

Magulu anayi a asilikali anali ndi asilikali okwana 44 a PZL-11a ndi C. III/1 Squadron anali ndi 21 ndipo IV/1 Dyon anali ndi 23. Ena anali ndi mawailesi oyendera ndege. Mwa zina, kupatulapo ma synchronous 7,92 mm wz. Ma PVU 33 okhala ndi zipolopolo zokwana 500 pamfuti iliyonse anali ndi ma kilomita owonjezera awiri m'mapiko ozungulira 300 iliyonse.

Mpaka 1 September mozungulira 6:10 123. EM kuchokera ku III/2 Dyon kuchokera ku 10 PZL P.7a anafika ku Poniatów. Kuti alimbikitse gulu lankhondo, oyendetsa ndege a 2nd Aviation Regiment ochokera ku Krakow adalamulidwa kuti awuluke ku Okentse ku Warsaw pa Ogasiti 31. Kenako, m’bandakucha pa September 1, anakwera ndege kupita ku Poniatow.

Gulu la brigade silinaphatikizepo magawo ofunikira pa ntchito yake panthawi yankhondo: kampani yoyendetsa ndege, gulu lazoyendera ndi zombo zoyendetsa ndege. Izi zidafooketsa kwambiri kukonzanso kwa luso lake lomenyera nkhondo, kuphatikiza kukonza zida m'munda ndikuwongolera.

Malingana ndi ndondomekoyi, gulu lachizunzo linayikidwa pansi pa lamulo la Colonel V. Art. Kazimierz Baran (1890-1974). Pambuyo pokambirana, msilikali Pawlikovsky ndi mkulu wa chitetezo cha ndege ku Warsaw Center ndi Likulu la Air Force Mkulu wa asilikali, adagwirizana kuti gululo lizigwira ntchito modziyimira pawokha m'dera la kunja kwa zipolopolo za Warsaw Center. .

The Air Defense of Warsaw inaphatikizapo lamulo la Warsaw Air Defense Center, lotsogoleredwa ndi Colonel Kazimierz Baran (mtsogoleri wa gulu la zida zankhondo zotsutsana ndi ndege panthawi yamtendere, mkulu wa gulu loyamba la zida zankhondo za Marshal Eduard Rydz-Smigly ku Warsaw ku Warsaw. 1-1936); Wachiwiri kwa Mtsogoleri wa Air Defense Forces for Active Air Defense - Lieutenant Colonel Franciszek Joras; Chief of Staff Major Dipl. Anthony Mordasevich; wothandizira - captain. Jakub Chmielewski; Mgwirizano - capt. Konstantin Adamsky; mkulu wa zida - Captain Jan Dzyalak ndi antchito, gulu la mauthenga, madalaivala, otumiza - pafupifupi 1939 payekha.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mayunitsi oteteza ndege kudalengezedwa usiku wa Ogasiti 23-24, 1939. Webusaiti ya likulu la chitetezo cha ndege. Ku Warsaw, kunali chipinda chogona mu banki ya Handlowy pamsewu. Mazowiecka 16 ku Warsaw. Anayamba ntchito kumapeto kwa August 1939 ndipo anagwira ntchito kumeneko mpaka 25 September. Kenako, mpaka atadzipereka, anali m'bwalo lachitetezo cha Warsaw Defense Command mumsewu. Marshalkovskaya mu nyumba ya OPM.

Pa August 31, 1939, lamulo ladzidzidzi linaperekedwa kwa zida zotsutsana ndi ndege. Choncho, mayunitsi odana ndi ndege zida za chitetezo ndege dziko anali kutumizidwa pa malo ofunika mafakitale, mauthenga, asilikali ndi utsogoleri. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha mayunitsi chinakhazikika ku likulu. Mphamvu zotsalazo zidaperekedwa kumakampani akuluakulu amakampani komanso mabwalo apamlengalenga.

Mfuti zinayi za 75-mm zotsutsana ndi ndege zinatumizidwa ku Warsaw (fakitale: 11, 101, 102, 103), mabatire asanu osatha a 75-mm (fakitale: 101, 102, 103, 156., 157.), 1 75 mamilimita odana ndi ndege artillery thirakitala batire. Pa izi anawonjezera 13 awiri mfuti theka-stationary odana ndi ndege zida zankhondo - magulu: 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110.), magulu atatu "factory" Nokł (PZL) 1, PZL No. 2 ikuwonetsedwa ndi Polskie Zakłady Optical) ndi ndondomeko yowonjezera "ndege" No. 181. Womalizayo sanamvere Colonel. Baran ndikuphimba bwalo la ndege No. 1 la eyapoti ya Okentse. Ponena za Airbase No. 1 ku Okęcie, kuwonjezera pa Bofors awiri, idatetezedwa ndi mfuti za 12 Hotchkiss zolemera zamakina ndipo mwina angapo 13,2 mm wz. 30 Hotchkisses (mwina zisanu?).

Ponena za mabatire odana ndi ndege, gawo lalikulu kwambiri lankhondo linali ku Warsaw: mabatire 10 osakhazikika wz. 97 ndi wz. 97/25 (mfuti za 40 75 mm), batire imodzi yotsatsira (mfuti 1 2 mm wz. 75/97), tsiku limodzi la injini (mabatire a injini 17 - mfuti za 1 3 mm wz. 12St), mabatire osatha 75 (36 5) mm wz.20St mfuti). Okwana 75 mabatire 37-mm mfuti mapangidwe osiyanasiyana, okwana mfuti 19. Likulu lidatetezedwa ndi ma 75mm wz aposachedwa kwambiri. 74 ndi wz. 75St kuchokera ku Starachowice - 36 mwa 37 opangidwa. Osati mabatire onse okhala ndi mfuti zamakono za 32-mm adalandira zida zapakati, zomwe zidachepetsa kwambiri kuthekera kwawo kwankhondo. Nkhondo isanayambe, makamera asanu ndi atatu okha mwa makamerawa ndiwo anaperekedwa. Pankhani ya chipangizochi, chinali A wz. 44 PZO-Lev dongosolo, lomwe linali ndi magawo atatu:

a) Stereoscopic rangefinder yokhala ndi maziko a 3 m (kenako ndi maziko a 4 m ndi kukula kwa nthawi 24), altimeter ndi speedometer. Chifukwa cha iwo, kuchuluka kwa chandamale chomwe adawona kudayezedwa, komanso kutalika, liwiro ndi njira yowulukira pokhudzana ndi malo a batire la mfuti zotsutsana ndi ndege.

b) Chowerengera chomwe chinasinthiratu data kuchokera pagawo la batire (poganizira zosintha zomwe wolamulira wa batri) adasintha kukhala magawo owombera pamfuti iliyonse ya batri, i.e. ngodya yopingasa (azimuth), ngodya yokwera ya mbiya yamfuti ndi mtunda womwe fuseyi iyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti projectile ithamangitsidwe - zomwe zimatchedwa. gulu.

c) Mphamvu yamagetsi pansi pa DC voltage (4 V). Anapatsira kwa olandila atatu omwe adayikidwa pamfuti iliyonse magawo owombera opangidwa ndi gawo lotembenuza.

Zida zonse zapakati zidabisidwa m'mabokosi apadera asanu ndi limodzi panthawi yamayendedwe. Gulu lophunzitsidwa bwino linali ndi mphindi 30 kuti likulitse, i.e. kusintha kuchoka paulendo kupita kumalo omenyana.

Chipangizocho chinkalamulidwa ndi asilikali 15, asanu mwa iwo anali m’gulu la ofufuza, enanso asanu m’gulu lowerengera, ndipo asanu omalizirawo ankalamulira zilolezo zokwera mfuti. Ntchito ya ogwira ntchito pa olandirawo inali kutsimikizira zizindikiro zopendekera popanda kuwerengera ndi kuyeza. Nthawi ya zizindikirozo zikutanthauza kuti mfutiyo inali yokonzeka kuwombera. Chipangizocho chinagwira ntchito bwino pamene cholinga chowona chinali pamtunda wa 2000 mamita mpaka 11000 m, pamtunda wa 800 m mpaka 8000 mamita ndipo chinasuntha pa liwiro la 15 mpaka 110 m / s, ndipo nthawi yowuluka ya projectile inalibe. kuposa masekondi 35 Zotsatira zabwinoko zowombera, mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya zowongolera zitha kupangidwa ku chowerengera. Iwo amalola, mwa zina, kuganizira: zotsatira za mphepo pa njira yowulukira ya projectile, kayendedwe ka chandamale pa kutsitsa ndi kuthawa, mtunda pakati pa zida zapakati ndi malo a batire la zida zankhondo, kotero -kuyitana. parallax.

Kamera yoyamba ya mndandandawu idapangidwa kwathunthu ndi kampani yaku France Optique et Precision de Levallois. Kenaka makope achiwiri, achitatu ndi achinayi adapangidwa pang'onopang'ono ku Optique et Precision de Levallois (rangefinder ndi mbali zonse za calculator) ndipo mbali ina ku Polish Optical Factory SA (msonkhano wa zida zapakati ndi kupanga zida zonse zamfuti). M'makamera ena onse a Optique et Precision de Levallois, makamera okhawo opezeka ndi aluminiyamu amilandu yamakompyuta adachokera ku France. Ntchito yokonza zida zapakati idapitilira nthawi zonse. Kope loyamba lachitsanzo chatsopano chokhala ndi rangefinder chokhala ndi maziko a 5 m lidakonzedwa kuti liperekedwe ku Polskie Zakłady Optyczne SA pofika pa Marichi 1, 1940.

Kuphatikiza pa batire ya 75 mm, panali magulu 14 osakhalitsa okhala ndi 40 mm wz. 38 "Bofors": 10 asilikali, atatu "fakitale" ndi mmodzi "mpweya", okwana 28 40-mamilimita mfuti. Colonel Baran nthawi yomweyo adatumiza magulu asanu kuti ateteze malo omwe ali kunja kwa likulu:

a) pa Palmyra - malo osungira zida, nthambi ya Main Armament Depot No. 1 - 4 mfuti;

b) mu Rembertov - mfuti fakitale

- 2 ntchito;

c) kupita ku Łowicz - kuzungulira mzinda ndi masitima apamtunda

- 2 ntchito;

d) ku Gura Kalwaria - kuzungulira mlatho pamwamba pa Vistula - 2 ntchito.

Magulu asanu ndi anayi adatsalira mu likulu, kuphatikiza "fakitale" itatu ndi "mpweya".

Pankhani ya magulu a 10 omwe adasonkhana mu Gulu la 1st, adapangidwa m'misasa ya Bernerow pa 27-29 August. Magawo okonzedwanso adapangidwa kuchokera ku zotsalira zamagulu, makamaka kuchokera kwa anthu wamba ndi oyang'anira nkhokwe. Akuluakulu achichepere, akatswiri adatumizidwa ku mabatire a magulu ankhondo (mtundu A - 4 mfuti) kapena magulu okwera pamahatchi (mtundu wa B - 2 mfuti). Mlingo wa maphunziro a reservists unali wotsika kwambiri kuposa wa ogwira ntchito, ndipo oyang'anira nkhokwe sankadziwa Warsaw ndi madera ozungulira. Magulu onse adachotsedwa m'malo owombera.

mpaka August 30.

Mu Air Defense Directorate ya Warsaw Center munali maofesala 6, achinsinsi 50, mu mabatire oteteza mlengalenga maofesala 103 ndi achinsinsi a 2950, ​​okwana 109 ndi 3000 achinsinsi. Pofuna kuteteza mlengalenga ku Warsaw pa September 1, 1939, mfuti 74 za 75 mm caliber ndi mfuti 18 za 40 mm caliber wz. 38 Bofors, okwana mfuti 92. Pa nthawi yomweyo, awiri mwa asanu anakonza odana ndege odana ndi ndege makampani a mtundu "B" angagwiritsidwe ntchito pomenyana (4 platoons 4 mfuti mfuti, okwana 32 olemera mfuti mfuti, Maofesala 10 ndi anthu 380 achinsinsi, opanda magalimoto); makampani atatu otsala a mtundu A (okhala ndi ngolo zokokedwa ndi akavalo) anatumizidwa ndi mkulu wa ndege ndi chitetezo cha ndege kuti akafike kumalo ena. Kuphatikiza apo, panali makampani atatu owunikira zowunikira ndege: makampani 11, 14, 17, okhala ndi maofesala 21 ndi anthu 850. Magulu okwana 10 okhala ndi magetsi 36 a Maison Bréguet ndi Sautter-Harlé, komanso makampani asanu amabaluni okhala ndi maofesala pafupifupi 10, 400 adalemba amuna ndi ma baluni 50.

Pofika pa Ogasiti 31, zida zankhondo zolimbana ndi ndege za 75 mm zidatumizidwa m'magulu anayi:

1. "Vostok" - gulu lankhondo lachi 103 lokhazikika la zida zankhondo za gawoli (mkulu wankhondo Major Mieczysław Zilber; mfuti 4 wz. 97 ndi mfuti 12 za 75 mm wz. 97/25 caliber) ndi batire ya 103rd semi-permanent ya Division ya batire mtundu I (onani Kędzierski - 4 37 mm mfuti wz.75St.

2. "Kumpoto": 101st theka-okhazikika zida zankhondo Chiwembu (mtsogoleri Major Michal Khrol-Frolovich, squadron mabatire ndi mkulu: 104. - Lieutenant Leon Svyatopelk-Mirsky, 105 - Captain Cheslav Maria Geraltovsky, 106 Anthony Anthony. -12 wz. 97/25 caliber 75 mm); 101. Batire ya zida zankhondo zosakhalitsa Gawo loyamba (mtsogoleri wa Lieutenant Vincenty Dombrovsky; mfuti 4 wz. 37St, caliber 75 mm).

3. "South" - 102nd the semi-permanent artillery squadron Plot (mtsogoleri Major Roman Nemchinsky, akuluakulu a mabatire: 107th - reserve lieutenant Edmund Scholz, 108 - lieutenant Vaclav Kaminsky, 109th - lieutenant Jerzy 12 guns 97; 25 mm), 75. Theka-okhazikika zida batire District mtundu I (mkulu wa asilikali lieutenant Vladislav Shpiganovich; 102 mfuti wz. 4St, caliber 37 mm).

4. "Yapakatikati" - gulu lankhondo la 11 lolimbana ndi ndege, lolimbikitsidwa ndi zida zamtundu wa 156 ndi 157 zamtundu wa I semi-permanent guns (iliyonse ili ndi mfuti 4 37-mm wz. 75St).

Komanso, 1 District Artillery ndi Tractor Battery anatumizidwa Sekerki (mtsogoleri - Lieutenant Zygmunt Adessman; 2 mizinga 75 mm wz. 97/17), ndi theka-okhazikika "mpweya" gulu kuteteza Okentse airfield Okentse - observatory captain Miroslav. Prodan, mkulu wa gulu la ndege No. 1, woyendetsa ndege Alfred Belina-Grodsky - mfuti za 2 40-mm

wz. 38 Bofor).

Zambiri mwa zida zapakati pa 75 mm (mabatire 10) anali ndi zida za Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse. Maulendo kapena zida zoyezera sizingafikire kapena kulemba liwiro la ndege ya ku Germany, yomwe inali kuwuluka kwambiri komanso mwachangu. Zida zoyezera m'mabatire okhala ndi mfuti zakale zaku France zimatha kuwombera bwino ndege zowuluka mwachangu mpaka 200 km / h.

Zida zankhondo zolimbana ndi ndege zosakhalitsa chilichonse chili ndi mizinga 2 ya 40 mm wz. 38 "Bofors" anaikidwa m'madera ofunika a mzinda: milatho, mafakitale ndi ndege. Chiwerengero cha magulu: 105 (Lieutenant / Lieutenant / Stanislav Dmukhovsky), 106 (wokhalamo lieutenant Witold M. Pyasetsky), 107 (kapitawo Zygmunt Jezersky), 108 (mkulu wa cadet Nikolai Dunin-Martsinkevich-Martsinkevich. S. Pyasecki) ndi "factory" Polish Mortgages of Optics (mtsogoleri NN), magulu awiri a "fakitale": PZL "Motniki" (yoyendetsedwa ndi Polish Plants of Lotnichny Conclusions Motnikov Nr 109 ku Warsaw, mkulu - wopuma pantchito Jakub Jan Hruby) PZL “Płatowce” (yosonkhanitsa Polskie Zakłady Lotnicze Wytwórnia Płatowców No. 1 ku Warsaw, mkulu wa asilikali - N.N.).

Pankhani ya Bofors, wz. 36, ndi nkhondo yokhazikika, magulu ankhondo a "factory" ndi "air" adalandira wz. 38. Kusiyana kwakukulu kunali kuti yoyamba inali ndi ekseliyo iwiri, pamene yomalizira inali ndi ekseli imodzi. Mawilo a womalizayo, atasamutsidwa mfuti kupita kunkhondo, adalumikizidwa ndipo idayima pamagawo atatu. Magulu ankhondo olimba pang'ono analibe mphamvu zawo zamagalimoto, koma mfuti zawo zimatha kugwedezeka ndikusunthira kumalo ena.

Komanso, si mfuti zonse za Bofors zomwe zinali ndi K.3 rangefinders ndi maziko a 1,5 m (amayesa mtunda wopita ku chandamale). Nkhondo isanayambike, pafupifupi 140 opeza osiyanasiyana adagulidwa ku France ndipo adapangidwa pansi pa chilolezo cha PZO pa 9000 zlotys aliyense pamfuti za 500 zotsutsana ndi ndege. Palibe m'modzi wa iwo amene adalandira makina othamanga, omwe "analibe nthawi" yogula nkhondo isanayambe kwa 5000 zlotys, chifukwa chimodzi mwa zifukwa za kusankha kwautali komwe kunachitika kuyambira masika 1937 mpaka April 1939. Nayenso speedometer, amene anayeza liwiro ndi njira ya ndege, analola Bofors kuchita moto molondola.

Kusowa kwa zida zapadera kunachepetsa mphamvu ya mfuti. Kuwombera pa zomwe zimatchedwa kusaka kwa maso, zomwe zimalimbikitsa "zofunikira" mu zida zotsutsana ndi ndege mu nthawi yamtendere, zinali zabwino kuwombera ma pellets a bakha, osati pa ndege ya adani yomwe ikuyenda pa liwiro la pafupifupi 100 m / s patali. mpaka 4 Km - gawo la kugonja kwa Bofors. Si mfuti zonse zamakono zolimbana ndi ndege zomwe zili ndi zida zenizeni zoyezera.

Pursuit brigade pankhondo za Warsaw

Germany inaukira Poland pa September 1, 1939, m’maŵa nthaŵi ya 4:45 am. Cholinga chachikulu cha Luftwaffe chinali kuwuluka pothandizira Wehrmacht ndikuwononga ndege zankhondo zaku Poland komanso kugonjetsa mphamvu zamlengalenga zomwe zimagwirizana ndi izi. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri paulendo wa pandege m'masiku oyambirira chinali ma eyapoti ndi mabwalo a ndege.

Chidziwitso chokhudza chiyambi cha nkhondo chinafika ku likulu la gulu lozunza anthu nthawi ya 5 koloko m'mawa chifukwa cha lipoti lochokera ku polisi ya boma ku Suwałki. Chenjezo lankhondo lalengezedwa. Posakhalitsa wailesi ya Warsaw inalengeza za kuyamba kwa nkhondo. Oyang'anira maukonde owonetsetsa adanenanso za kukhalapo kwa ndege zakunja zomwe zikuwuluka mosiyanasiyana pamalo okwera. Apolisi a ku Mława anatumiza nkhani zokhudza ndege zouluka ku Warsaw. Mkulu wa asilikali adalamula kuti ma dion awiri akhazikitsidwe mwamsanga. M'mawa, pafupifupi 00:7, 50 PZL-21s kuchokera ku III/11 kuchokera ku 1 PZL-22 ndi 11 PZL-3s kuchokera ku IV/7 Dyon inanyamuka.

Ndege za adani zinauluka pamwamba pa likululo kuchokera kumpoto. A Poles anayerekezera chiwerengero chawo pafupi ndi 80 Heinkel He 111 ndi Dornier Do 17 mabomba ndi asilikali a 20 Messerschmitt Me 110. M'dera lapakati pa Warsaw, Jablona, ​​Zegrze ndi Radzymin, pafupifupi 8 nkhondo zamlengalenga zinamenyedwa pamtunda wa 00-2000 m: 3000 m'mawa, zocheperako kupanga magulu atatu oponya mabomba - 35 He 111 kuchokera ku II (K) / LG 1 pachivundikiro cha 24 Me 110 kuchokera ku I (Z) / LG 1. Magulu oponya mabomba adayamba pa 7:25 mkati nthawi ya 5 mphindi. Panali nkhondo zingapo zamlengalenga m'malo osiyanasiyana. A Poles adatha kusokoneza magulu angapo omwe adabwerera kuchokera ku chiwonongekocho. Oyendetsa ndege aku Poland adanenanso kuti ndege 6 zidatsika, koma kupambana kwawo kunali kokokomeza. M'malo mwake, adakwanitsa kugogoda ndikuwononga He 111 z 5. (K) / LG 1, yomwe inali kuphulitsa Okentse. Ogwira ntchito ake adapanga "mimba" mwadzidzidzi pafupi ndi mudzi wa Meshki-Kuligi. Pakutera, ndegeyo idasweka (anthu atatu adapulumuka, m'modzi wovulala adamwalira). Ichi chinali chipambano choyamba pachitetezo cha likulu. Oyendetsa ndege ochokera ku IV/1 Dyon akumumenyera ngati gulu. Kuphatikiza apo, yachiwiri ya He 111 kuchokera ku gulu lomwelo idafika pamimba pake ndi injini yoyimitsidwa pabwalo la ndege ku Pounden. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwakukulu komwe kuchotsedwa m'boma. Kuwonjezera apo, He 111s kuchokera ku 6. (K) / LG 1, yomwe inaukira Skierniewice ndi mlatho wa njanji pafupi ndi Piaseczno, inagundana ndi asilikali a ku Poland. Mmodzi mwa oponya mabomba (code L1 + CP) adawonongeka kwambiri. Ayenera kuti adagwidwa ndi lieutenant 50. Witold Lokuchevsky. Adafika mwadzidzidzi ku Shippenbeil ndi kuwonongeka kwa 114% komanso wogwira ntchito yemwe adamwalira ndi mabala ake. Kuphatikiza pa kutayika kumeneku, mabomba ena awiri adawonongeka pang'ono. Oponya mabomba ndi operekeza adatha kugwetsa mkulu wa 114th. Stanisław Shmeila wa EM 110, yemwe anagwera pangozi pafupi ndi Wyszków ndi kugwera galimoto yake. Wovulala wachiwiri anali Senior Lieutenant Bolesław Olevinsky wa EM 1, yemwe anadutsa parachuti pafupi ndi Zegrze (yowomberedwa ndi Me 1 ya 111. (Z)/LG 11) ndi 110th Lieutenant. Jerzy Palusinski wochokera ku EM 1, yemwe PZL-25a adakakamizika kutera pafupi ndi mudzi wa Nadymna. Palusinski adandiukira ndikuwononga Me XNUMX Meyi m'mbuyomu. Grabmann wokhala ndi I(Z)/LG XNUMX (anali ndi kuwonongeka kwa XNUMX%).

Ngakhale kukhulupirika kwa Poles kwa asilikali German ntchito squadrons ndi makiyi, iwo anatha kudutsa mzindawo popanda mavuto pakati 7:25 ndi 10:40. Malinga ndi malipoti a ku Poland, mabomba adagwa pa: Kertselego Square, Grochow, Sadyba Ofitserska (9 mabomba), Powazki - sanitary battalion, Golendzinov. Iwo anaphedwa ndi kuvulazidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ndege za ku Germany zidagwetsa mabomba a 5-6 ku Grodzisk Mazowiecki, ndipo mabomba 30 adagwa pa Blonie. Nyumba zingapo zinawonongeka.

Cha masana, oyang'anira anayi a PZL-11 kuchokera ku 112.EM adagwidwa ndi chidziwitso Dornier Do 17P 4. (F) / 121 pa Wilanów. Woyendetsa ndege Stefan Oksheja adawombera pafupi naye, panali kuphulika, ndipo gulu lonse la adani linaphedwa.

Madzulo, gulu lalikulu la ndege linawonekera pamwamba pa likulu. A Germany adatumiza magalimoto opitilira 230 kuti akawukire zida zankhondo. He 111Hs ndi Ps adatumizidwa kuchokera ku KG 27 komanso kuchokera ku II(K)/LG 1 ndi dive Junkers Ju 87Bs kuchokera ku I/StG 1 pachivundikiro cha pafupifupi 30 Messerschmitt Me 109Ds kuchokera ku I/JG 21 (magulu atatu) ndi Me 110s ochokera ku I. ( Z)/LG 1 ndi I/ZG 1 (22 Me 110B ndi C). Zida zankhondo zinali ndi 123 He 111s, 30 Ju 87s ndi 80-90 omenyana.

Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka pankhondo yam'mawa, omenyera 30 aku Poland adakwezedwa mlengalenga, ndipo wowononga 152 adawulukira kunkhondo. Iyenso 6 PZL-11a ndi C adalowa nawo nkhondoyi. Monga m'mawa, oyendetsa ndege a ku Poland sanathe kuletsa asilikali a Germany, omwe anaponya mabomba pa zolinga zawo. Panali nkhondo zotsatizana ndipo oyendetsa ndege aku Poland adataya kwambiri ataphulitsidwa ndi mabomba.

Pa tsiku loyamba la nkhondo, oyendetsa brigade kuthamangitsa anawulukira osachepera 80 sorties ndipo ananena 14 kupambana molimba mtima. M'malo mwake, adatha kuwononga ndege zinayi mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri za adani ndikuwononga zina zingapo. Iwo adataya kwambiri - adataya omenyera 13, ndipo ena khumi ndi awiri adawonongeka. Woyendetsa ndege mmodzi anaphedwa, asanu ndi atatu anavulala, mmodzi wa iwo anafa pambuyo pake. Kuphatikiza apo, PZL-11c ina idataya mayunitsi 152. EM ndi junior lieutenant. Anatoly Piotrovsky anamwalira pafupi ndi Khoszczówka. Madzulo a September 1, omenyera nkhondo 24 okha anali okonzeka kumenya nkhondo, pofika madzulo a tsiku lotsatira chiwerengero cha omenyana nawo chinawonjezeka kufika 40; kunalibe kumenyana tsiku lonse. Patsiku loyamba, zida zotsutsana ndi ndege za Warsaw sizinapambane.

Malinga ndi chidule cha ntchito ya dipatimenti yachitetezo cha High Command of the Ministry of Military Affairs. Pa September 1, pa 17:30, mabomba anagwa pa Babice, Wawrzyszew, Sekerki (mabomba oyaka moto), Grochow ndi Okecie pafupi ndi Warsaw Center, komanso pa fakitale ya zikopa - mmodzi wakufa ndi angapo ovulala.

Komabe, malinga ndi "Chidziwitso cha Mtsogoleri wa Air Defense Forces pa Zotsatira za Mabomba a Germany pa September 1 ndi 2, 1939" pa September 3, Warsaw anaukiridwa katatu patsiku loyamba la nkhondo: pa 7:00, 9:20 ndi 17:30. Mabomba ophulika kwambiri (500, 250 ndi 50 kg) anaponyedwa mumzindawo. Pafupifupi 30% ya kuphulika kosaphulika kunagwetsedwa, 5 kg ya mabomba a thermite-incendiary anagwetsedwa. Iwo anaukira kuchokera kutalika kwa mamita oposa 3000, mosokonezeka. Pakati pa mzinda kuchokera kumbali ya Prague, mlatho wa Kerbedsky unaphulitsidwa. Zinthu zofunika zidaphulitsidwa katatu - ndi bomba la 500- ndi 250-kilogram - PZL Okęcie (1 anaphedwa, 5 anavulala) ndi midzi: Babice, Vavshiszew, Sekerki, Czerniakow ndi Grochow - ndi mabomba oyaka moto omwe adayambitsa moto wawung'ono. Chifukwa cha zipolopolo, panali zinthu zopanda pake komanso zotayika za anthu: 19 anaphedwa, 68 anavulala, kuphatikizapo 75% ya anthu wamba. Kuwonjezera apo, mizinda yotsatirayi inaukiridwa: Wilanow, Wlochy, Pruszkow, Wulka, Brwinow, Grodzisk-Mazowiecki, Blonie, Jaktorov, Radzymin, Otwock, Rembertov ndi ena.

M’masiku otsatira, adaniwo anatulukiranso mabomba. Panali ndewu zatsopano. Omenyana ndi gulu lothamangitsa anthu sakanatha kuchita zambiri. Zotayika zinakwera mbali zonse ziwiri, koma ku Poland zinali zazikulu komanso zolemera. M’mundamo, zida zowonongeka sizinathe kukonzedwa, ndipo ndege zomwe zinatera mwadzidzidzi mwadzidzidzi sizikanatha kukokedwa ndi kubwerera kuntchito.

Pa September 6, kupambana kwakukulu ndi kugonjetsedwa kunalembedwa. M'mawa, pambuyo pa 5: 00, 29 Ju 87 oponya mabomba kuchokera ku IV (St) / LG 1, operekezedwa ndi Me 110 kuchokera ku I / ZG 1, adagonjetsa bwalo la marshalling ku Warsaw ndipo anawulukira ku likulu kuchokera kumadzulo. Pa Wlochy (mzinda womwe uli pafupi ndi Warsaw), ndegezi zinagwidwa ndi omenyana ndi gulu lankhondo. Oyendetsa ndege ochokera ku IV / 1 Dyon adagwirizanitsa ndi Me 110. Anatha kuwononga ndege ya Maj. Hammes, yemwe anamwalira, ndi mfuti yake Ofw. Steffen anagwidwa. Wowombera wovulala pang'ono adatengedwa kupita ku Dion Airport III/1 ku Zaborov. Galimoto ya ku Germany inafika pamimba pafupi ndi mudzi wa Voytseshyn. Anthu a ku Poland sanawonongeke pankhondo.

Cha masana, 25 Ju 87s kuchokera ku IV (St)/LG 1 (kumenyana ndi 11:40-13:50) ndi 20 Ju 87s kuchokera ku I / StG 1 (kumenyana ndi 11:45-13:06) adawonekera ku Warsaw. . . . Mapangidwe oyambirira anaukira mlatho kumpoto kwa likulu, ndipo chachiwiri - mlatho wa njanji kum'mwera kwa mzinda (mwina Srednikovy Bridge (?). Captain Kowalczyk anawulukira kunkhondo, Poles analephera kulanda gulu limodzi m'gulu limodzi, aku Germany ochokera ku I/StG 11 adanenanso kuti adawona omenyana nawo, koma panalibe nkhondo.

Ndikuwuluka IV/1 Dyon kupita ku bwalo la ndege ku Radzikovo pa Seputembara 6 kapena masana tsiku lomwelo, likulu la gulu lothamangitsa lidalamulidwa kuti lisese pamakona atatu a Kolo-Konin-Lovich. Izi zinachitika chifukwa cha mgwirizano m'mawa pakati pa lamulo la Air Force "Poznan" ndi lamulo la ndege. Msilikali Pavlikovsky anatumiza asilikali a 18 brigade kudera lino (nthawi ya ndege 14: 30-16: 00). Kuyeretsa uku kunayenera kupereka "mpweya" kwa asilikali a "Poznan", akubwerera ku Kutno. Pazonse, pali 11 PZL-1s kuchokera ku IV / 15 Dyon kuchokera ku bwalo la ndege ku Radzikov motsogozedwa ndi Captain V. Kovalchik ndi 3 PZL-11s ochokera ku III / 1 Dyon kuchokera ku bwalo la ndege ku Zaborov, lomwe linali pamtunda wa makilomita angapo kuchokera. Radzikov. Mphamvuzi zimayenera kukhala ndi magulu awiri akuuluka pafupi wina ndi mzake (12 ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi PZL-11). Chifukwa cha izi, zinakhala zotheka kuyimbira anzanu kuti athandizidwe ndi wailesi. Mtunda wawo wowuluka unali pafupifupi 200 km kupita kumodzi. Asilikali a ku Germany anali kale m’malo opulumukirako. Ngati atera mokakamiza, woyendetsa ndegeyo akhoza kugwidwa. Pakachitika kusowa kwa mafuta kapena kuwonongeka, oyendetsa ndege amatha kutera mwadzidzidzi pabwalo la ndege ku Osek Maly (makilomita 8 kumpoto kwa Kolo), pomwe likulu la Poznan III / 15 Dön Myslivsky mothandizidwa adayenera kuwadikirira. mpaka 00:3. Oyendetsa ndegewo adasesa m'dera la Kutno-Kolo-Konin. Atawuluka 160-170 Km, pafupifupi 15:10 kumwera chakumadzulo. kuchokera ku Kolo adakwanitsa kuzindikira adani omwe adaponya mabomba. Oyendetsa ndege adatuluka pafupifupi mutu. Anadabwa ndi 9 He 111Hs kuchokera ku 4./KG 26 yomwe ikugwira ntchito mu katatu ya Lenchica-Lovich-Zelko (kumenyana ndi 13: 58-16: 28). Kuukira kwa oyendetsa ndege kunayang'ana pa kiyi yomaliza. Kuyambira 15:10 mpaka 15:30 panali nkhondo yamlengalenga. A Poles anaukira Germany ndi mapangidwe awo onse, akuukira gulu lonse pafupi. Moto wotetezera wa Ajeremani unakhala wothandiza kwambiri. Deck Gunners 4. Staffel adanena za kupha anthu osachepera anayi, omwe mmodzi yekha adatsimikiziridwa.

Malinga ndi lipoti la Kowalczyk, oyendetsa ndege ake adanena za kugwa kwa ndege za 6 mkati mwa mphindi 7-10, 4 inawonongeka. Kuwombera kwawo kutatu kudagwera m'dera lankhondo la Kolo Uniejów, ndipo zina zinayi zidatera paulendo wobwerera pakati pa Lenchica ndi Blonie chifukwa chosowa mafuta. Kenako mmodzi wa iwo anabwerera ku gulu. Pazonse, 4 PZL-6s ndi oyendetsa ndege awiri akufa anatayika panthawi yoyeretsa: 11th Lieutenant V. Roman Stog - adagwa (anagwa pansi pafupi ndi mudzi wa Strashkow) ndi gulu. Mieczysław Kazimierczak (anaphedwa pambuyo podumpha parachuti kuchokera pamoto kuchokera pansi; mwinamwake moto wake).

A Poles adathadi kuponya pansi ndikuwononga mabomba atatu. Mmodzi anatera pamimba pake pafupi ndi mudzi wa Rushkow. Wina anali m’minda ya mudzi wa Labendy, ndipo wachitatu anaphulika m’mwamba n’kugwera pafupi ndi Unieyuv. Wachinayi anawonongeka, koma anatha kuchoka kwa omwe ankamutsatira ndipo anakakamizika kutera pamimba pa Breslau Airport (tsopano Wroclaw). Pobwerera, oyendetsa ndegewo adagonjetsa mapangidwe atatu a He 111Hs kuchokera ku Stab / KG 1 pafupi ndi Łowicz - osapindula. Panalibe mafuta ndi zida zokwanira. Woyendetsa ndege wina adayenera kutsika mwadzidzidzi nthawi yomweyo kuukirako kusanachitike chifukwa chosowa mafuta, ndipo Ajeremani adamuwerengera ngati "wowomberedwa".

Madzulo a Seputembara 6, Pursuit Brigade idalandira lamulo loti liwuluke Dion kupita ku eyapoti m'chigawo cha Lublin. Gululi lidawonongeka kwambiri m'masiku asanu ndi limodzi, limayenera kuwonjezeredwa ndikukonzedwanso. Tsiku lotsatira, ndege zomenyera nkhondo zinawulukira ku eyapoti kumtunda. Atsogoleri a 4 Panzer Division anali kuyandikira Warsaw. Pa Seputembara 8-9, nkhondo zowopsa zidamenyedwa naye pamipanda yokonzedwa ya Okhota ndi Volya. Ajeremani analibe nthawi yoti atenge mzindawu paulendo ndipo adakakamizika kubwereranso kutsogolo. Kuzinga kwayamba.

Warsaw Air Defense

Asitikali oteteza ndege ochokera ku Warsaw Center adatenga nawo gawo pankhondo ndi Luftwaffe ku Warsaw mpaka Seputembara 6. M'masiku oyambirira, mpanda unatsegulidwa kangapo. Zoyesayesa zawo sizinaphule kanthu. Owomberawo adalephera kuwononga ndege imodzi, ngakhale kuti kupha kangapo kunanenedwa, mwachitsanzo pa Okentse pa 3 September. Brigadier General M. Troyanovsky, Mtsogoleri wa District of Corps I, anasankhidwa kukhala General wa Brig. Mliri wa Valerian, Seputembara 4. Analamulidwa kuteteza likulu kuchokera kumadzulo ndikukonzekera chitetezo chapafupi cha milatho kumbali zonse za Vistula ku Warsaw.

Kuyandikira kwa Ajeremani kupita ku Warsaw kunachititsa kuti anthu ambiri asamuke ku likulu la Supreme High Command ndi mabungwe apamwamba kwambiri a boma (September 6-8), kuphatikizapo. State Commissariat of Capital City of Warsaw. Mtsogoleri Wamkulu adachoka ku Warsaw pa September 7 kupita ku Brest-on-Bug. Pa tsiku lomwelo, Purezidenti wa Republic of Poland ndi boma anakwera ndege ku Lutsk. Kuthawa kofulumira kwa utsogoleri wa dzikoli kudakhudza kwambiri omenyera ufulu ndi okhala ku Warsaw. Dziko lagwera pamutu pa anthu ambiri. Mphamvu yayikulu idatenga "chilichonse" nacho, kuphatikiza. apolisi angapo ndi ozimitsa moto ambiri kuti adziteteze. Ena analankhula za "kusamuka" kwawo, kuphatikizapo kuti "anatenga akazi awo ndi katundu wawo m'magalimoto nanyamuka."

Atathawa ku likulu la akuluakulu aboma, Stefan Starzynski, commissar wa mzindawo, adatenga udindo wa commissar ku Warsaw Defense Command pa 8 September. Maboma am'deralo, motsogozedwa ndi purezidenti, adakana "kusamutsa" boma kum'mawa ndikukhala mtsogoleri wa mabungwe aboma poteteza mzindawo. Pa Seputembara 8-16, motsogozedwa ndi Mtsogoleri Wamkulu ku Warsaw, Gulu Lankhondo la Warsaw linakhazikitsidwa, kenako Gulu Lankhondo la Warsaw. Mtsogoleri wake anali Major General V. Julius Rommel. Pa Seputembara 20, wamkulu wankhondo adakhazikitsa bungwe la alangizi - Komiti Yachibadwidwe - kuyimilira zofuna zandale, zachikhalidwe ndi zachuma. Inasonkhanitsa oimira magulu akuluakulu a ndale ndi chikhalidwe cha mzindawo. Iwo anayenera kutsogozedwa ndi General J. Rommel kapena m’malo mwake ndi kazembe wankhondo pansi pa mkulu wa asilikali.

Chimodzi mwazotsatira za kusamuka kwa Likulu la Supreme High Command kuchokera ku likulu kunali kufooketsa kwakukulu kwa Gulu Lankhondo la Warsaw mpaka Seputembara 6. Pa Seputembala 4, magulu awiri (mfuti 4 40 mm) adasamutsidwa ku Skierniewice. Pa Seputembala 5, zida ziwiri (mfuti za 4 40 mm), daplot ya 101 ndi batri imodzi yamakono ya 75-mm zidasamutsidwa ku Lukow. Gulu limodzi (mfuti 2 40 mm) linatumizidwa ku Chełm, ndipo linalo (mfuti 2 40 mm) ku Krasnystaw. Batire imodzi yamakono ya 75 mm caliber ndi batri imodzi yotsatizana ya 75 mm caliber inatumizidwa ku Lvov. Daplot ya 11 inatumizidwa ku Lublin, ndipo daplot ya 102 ndi batri imodzi yamakono 75 mm inatumizidwa ku Bzhest. Mabatire onse odana ndi ndege a 75-mm omwe adateteza banki yayikulu yakumanzere ya mzindawo adachotsedwa ku likulu. Lamuloli linalongosola zosinthazi chifukwa chakuti magulu a njanji a magulu atatu ankhondo ochokera kumadzulo adayandikira likulu ndikudzaza mipata. Monga momwe zinakhalira, linali loto chabe la Olamulira Wamkulu.

Pofika pa Seputembara 16, mabatire a 10 ndi 19 okha amtundu wa A 40-mm mtundu A, komanso 81st ndi 89th yeniyeni ya 40-mm mtundu wa B mabatire anali ndi 10 Bofors wz. 36 kutalika 40 mm. Chifukwa cha nkhondo ndi kubwerera kwawo, mbali ina ya mabatire inali ndi mayiko osamalizidwa. Mu 10 ndi 19 panali anayi ndi atatu mfuti (muyezo: 4 mfuti), ndi 81 ndi 89 - mmodzi ndi awiri mfuti (muyezo: 2 mfuti). Komanso, gawo la makilomita 19 ndi platoons ku Lovich ndi Rembertov (4 Bofors mfuti) anabwerera ku likulu. Kwa ana opanda pokhala omwe akufika kutsogolo, malo osonkhanitsira adakonzedwa m'nyumba za 1 PAP Lot ku Mokotov pamsewu. Rakovetskaya 2b.

Pa September 5, gulu la chitetezo cha ndege cha Warsaw Center linakhala mbali ya gulu la mkulu wa chitetezo cha Warsaw, General V. Chuma. Pokhudzana ndi kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa zida, Colonel Baran, madzulo a September 6, adayambitsa bungwe latsopano la magulu apakati ndikukhazikitsa ntchito zatsopano.

M'mawa wa Seputembara 6, gulu lankhondo la Warsaw Air Defense Forces lidaphatikizansopo: mabatire 5 odana ndi ndege 75-mm (mfuti 20 75-mm), magulu odana ndi ndege a 12 40 mm (mfuti 24 40 mm), kampani imodzi ya 1. -cm zowunikira zotsutsana ndi ndege, makampani 150 amfuti zotsutsana ndi ndege (kuphatikiza 5 B opanda akavalo) ndi makampani atatu a mabuloni a barrage. Chiwerengero chonse: maofesala 2, maofesala 3 omwe sanatumizidwe ndi 76 achinsinsi. Pa September 396, Mtsamunda Baran anali ndi mfuti 2112 zotsutsana ndi ndege (6 caliber 44 mm, kuphatikizapo wz. 20St ndi 75 wz. 37 Bofors 24 mm caliber) ndi makampani asanu amfuti za ndege. Mabatire a 38 mm anali ndi moto wa 40½, magulu ankhondo a 75 mm 3½ moto, moto wa 40½ m'magulu a "fakitale", ndipo makampani olimbana ndi ndege anali ndi moto 4.

Madzulo a tsiku lomwelo, msilikali Baran adakhazikitsa gulu latsopano la magulu ndi ntchito zoteteza gawo la Warsaw, komanso maubwenzi anzeru:

1. Gulu "Vostok" - mkulu Major Mechislav Zilber, mkulu wa daplot 103 (75-mm theka-okhazikika mabatire wz. 97 ndi wz. 97/25; mabatire: 110, 115, 116 ndi 117 ndi 103. Anti-aircraft. batire 75-mm sh. 37 St.). Ntchito: chitetezo chachikulu cha usana ndi usiku wa mpanda wa Warsaw.

2. Gulu la "Bridges" - kapu ya mkulu. Zygmunt Yezersky; Zolemba: magulu a 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109 ndi gulu la chomera cha Borisev. Ntchito: chitetezo cha mpanda wa mlatho ndi pakati pa malo okwera ndi otsika, makamaka chitetezo cha milatho pa Vistula. Gulu la 104 (woyang'anira ozimitsa moto, wosungirako cadet Zdzisław Simonowicz), ali pa mlatho wa njanji ku Prague. Gulu lankhondolo linawonongedwa ndi bomba. Gulu la 105 (mkulu wamoto / wamkulu wa lieutenant / Stanislav Dmukhovsky), malo pakati pa mlatho wa Poniatowski ndi mlatho wa njanji. Gulu la 106 (mtsogoleri wa lieutenant Witold Piasecki), yemwe adawombera ku Lazienki. Gulu la 107 (kapitawo wamkulu Zygmunt Jezersky). Gulu la 108 (mkulu wa cadet / wamkulu wa lieutenant / Nikolai Dunin-Martsinkevich), malo owombera pafupi ndi ZOO; gulu lowonongedwa ndi Luftwaffe. Gulu la 109 (mkulu wa gulu lachitetezo Viktor Pyasetsky), akuwombera malo ku Fort Traugutt.

3. Gulu "Svidry" - mkulu wa asilikali. Yakub Hrubi; Mapangidwe: 40-mm PZL chomera gulu ndi 110th 40-mm odana ndi ndege gulu. Magulu awiriwa adapatsidwa ntchito yoteteza kuwoloka kudera la Svider Male.

4. Gulu "Powązki" - 5th kampani AA km Task: kuphimba dera la Gdańsk njanji ndi Citadel.

5. Gulu "Dvorzhets" - kampani 4 gawo km. Cholinga: kuphimba Zosefera ndi malo a Main Station.

6. Gulu "Prague" - kampani 19 km gawo. Cholinga: kuteteza mlatho wa Kerbed, Vilnius Railway Station ndi East Railway Station.

7. Gulu "Lazenki" - gawo 18 km. Ntchito: kuteteza dera la Srednikovy ndi Poniatovsky mlatho, chomera cha gasi ndi popopera.

8. Gulu "Medium" - 3 kampani AA km. Ntchito: kuphimba chapakati cha chinthu (2 platoons), kuphimba Warsaw 2 wailesi.

Atasamutsidwa pa September 6 pa Colonel V. Baran, adatumiza gulu la 103 la 40-mm ku Chersk kuti ateteze kuwoloka. Pa Seputembara 9, panali milandu iwiri yochoka mosaloledwa ku malo omenyera nkhondo popanda chifukwa chomveka, i.e. kuthawa. Mlandu woterewu unachitika mu batri ya 117, yomwe inasiya maofesi a moto m'dera la Gotslav, kuwononga mfuti ndikusiya zida zoyezera. Wachiwiri anali m'dera la Svidera Male, kumene gulu la "Lovich" linasiya kuwomberako ndipo linasamukira ku Otwock popanda chilolezo, kusiya mbali ina ya zipangizo. Mkulu wa gulu la asilikali 110 anaonekera pamaso pa khoti la asilikali. Mlandu wofanana ndi womwewo udayambika m'bwalo lamilandu motsutsana ndi Capt. Kuwala komwe sikunapezeke. Zomwezo zinachitika mu gulu la 18 la chitetezo cha ndege, pamene mkulu wake, Lieutenant Cheslav Novakovsky, anapita ku Otwock (September 15 pa 7 am) kwa banja lake ndipo sanabwerere. Mtsamunda Baran nayenso adapereka mlanduwu ku bwalo lamilandu. Kumapeto kwa masiku khumi oyambirira a September, magulu ankhondo a Bofors anatha migolo yamfuti zawo, kotero kuti sanathe kuwombera bwino. Tinatha kupeza migolo yochepera mazana angapo yobisika m'nyumba zosungiramo katundu ndikugawidwa pakati pa magulu ankhondo.

Pamene mzindawo unazingidwa, asilikali achiwembuwo ananena kuti apambana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pa September 9, Mtsamunda. Baran za kuwombera ndege 5, ndipo pa September 10 - ndege 15 zokha, zomwe 5 zinali mumzindawu.

Pa September 12, panali kusintha kwina kwa malo owombera ndi njira zolankhulirana za zida zankhondo zapakati pa Warsaw. Ngakhale apo, Mtsamunda Baran adanena za kufunika kolimbitsa chitetezo cha malire a Warsaw ndi 75-mm wz. Boti la 37 chifukwa chosowa zida zapamwamba komanso kusankhidwa kwa dion yosaka kuti iphimbe mzindawo. Zosapambana. Patsiku limenelo, mu lipoti la No. 3, Colonel Baran analemba kuti: Kuwombera kopangidwa ndi kiyi kuchokera ku ndege ya 3 Heinkel-111F pa 13.50 kunamenyedwa ndi magulu a 40-mm ndi mfuti zolemera. Ndege ziwiri zidawomberedwa pomwe zikudumphira pamilatho. Iwo anagwa m'dera la St. Tamka and st. Medov.

Pa Seputembara 13, ndi 16:30, lipoti la kugwa kwa ndege za 3 linalandiridwa. Ajeremani anaukira dera la sitima ya Gdansk, Citadel ndi madera ozungulira ndi ndege za 50. Panthawi imeneyi, malo osiyana 103 odana ndege batire wz. 37 St. Lieutenant Kendzersky. Mabomba 50 opangidwa pafupi. Ajeremani analibe nthawi yowononga mfuti imodzi. Ngakhale pamene ankasamuka mumzindawo, mkulu wake analandira Captain V. Magalimoto apamadzi. Kenako anang'amba mfuti ya 40-mm yomwe inasiyidwa pamsewu pafupi ndi Bielany ndikuyiyika pa batri yake. Mfuti yachiwiri ya 40 mm inalandiridwa ndi batire pamunda wa Mokotovsky kuchokera ku batire ya 10 ya 40-mm yotsutsana ndi ndege yomwe ili kumeneko. Mwa kulamula kwa Lieutenant Kendziersky, gulu lankhondo la fakitale lochokera ku Boryshevo limodzi ndi Bofors (mkulu wa oyang'anira malo achitetezo Erwin Labus) nawonso adatumizidwa ndikuyamba kuwombera ku Fort Traugut. Ndiye 109 40-mamilimita odana ndi ndege gulu, 103 lieutenant. Viktor Pyasetsky. Mtsogoleriyu adayika mfuti zake pamtunda wa Fort Traugutt, komwe ankawoneka bwino kwambiri ndipo ankagwira ntchito limodzi ndi batire la 75th. Mfuti za 40mm zinakoka ndege ya ku Germany pansi kuchokera pamwamba pa denga lapamwamba ndipo kenako inawawombera ndi mfuti za 103mm. Chifukwa cha kuyanjana uku, batire la 9 linanena kuti kugogoda kolondola kwa 1 ndi zina zomwe zingatheke kuchokera pa September 27 mpaka 109, ndipo gulu la 11 linali ndi kugogoda kolondola kwa 9 ku ngongole yake. Chifukwa chowoneratu zam'tsogolo Lieutenant Kendziersky, pambuyo pa Seputembara 75, batire yake idatenga zida zonse za 36-mm zothana ndi ndege za wz. XNUMXSt ndipo mpaka kumapeto kwa kuzungulirako sanamve zolakwa zake.

Pa September 14, nthawi ya 15:55, ndegezo zinaukira Zoliborz, Wola komanso pang'ono pakati pa mzinda. Cholinga chachikulu chinali mizere yodzitchinjiriza mu gawo la Zoliborz. Chifukwa cha chiwonongekocho, moto wa 15 unayambika m'dera la asilikali ndi boma, kuphatikizapo pa siteshoni ya sitima ya Gdansk, ndi kumpoto konse kwa mzinda (nyumba 11 zinagwetsedwa); Zosefera zomwe zidawonongeka pang'ono ndi netiweki yama tram. Chifukwa cha nkhondoyi, asilikali 17 anaphedwa ndipo 23 anavulala.

Pa 15 September zinanenedwa kuti idagundidwa ndi ndege imodzi ndipo imayenera kutera m'dera la Marek. Cha m’ma 10:30 m’mawa, msilikali wawo wa PZL-11 anawomberedwa ndi mfuti zolemera kwambiri komanso asilikali oyenda pansi. Pa nthawiyo, asilikali ankaletsedwa kuwomba mpaka msilikaliyo atazindikira bwinobwino ndegeyo. Patsiku lino, Ajeremani anazungulira mzindawo, akufinya mphete yozungulira kuchokera kummawa. Kuwonjezera pa kuphulitsa mabomba kwa ndege, Ajeremani anagwiritsira ntchito mfuti zolemera pafupifupi 1000 zomwe zinkawombera kwambiri. Zinakhalanso zovuta kwambiri kwa owombera ndege. Zipolopolo za mfuti zinaphulika pamalo awo, zomwe zinachititsa kuti anthu avulazidwe komanso ovulala. Mwachitsanzo, pa Seputembara 17, chifukwa cha zida zankhondo, pofika 17:00, anthu 5 ovulala, 1 inaonongeka mfuti ya 40-mm, magalimoto 3, mfuti 1 yolemera ndi akavalo 11 akufa. Patsiku lomwelo, kampani ya mfuti ya 115 (ma platoons awiri a 4 mfuti zolemera kwambiri) ndi kampani ya 5 ya baluni, yomwe inali mbali ya gulu la chitetezo cha ndege, inafika ku Warsaw kuchokera ku Svider Maly. Masana, kuzindikira kolimba kwa mlengalenga (kuukira kwa 8) kunkawoneka m'njira zosiyanasiyana, pamtunda wosiyanasiyana ndi mabomba, ndege zowonongeka ndi asilikali a Messerschmitt (ndege imodzi ndi makiyi, magalimoto a 2-3 aliyense) kuchokera ku 2000 mamita kwa maulendo osadziwika komanso kusintha kwafupipafupi. zoyendera ndege; palibe zotsatira.

Pa Seputembara 18, ziwopsezo za ndege imodzi zidabwerezedwanso (zidawerengedwa 8), timapepala tatifupinso tidagwetsedwa. Mmodzi mwa oyamba ("Dornier-17") adawomberedwa nthawi ya 7:45 m'mawa. Ogwira ntchito ake adayenera kutera mwadzidzidzi kudera la Babice. Mogwirizana ndi kuukira kulanda dera Pruszkow, Colonel. dipl. Anti-ndege batire Mariana Porwit, wopangidwa ndi magulu atatu a mfuti ziwiri 40-mm. M'bandakucha, batireyo idayamba kuwombera m'gawo la Kolo-Volya-Chiste.

Mzindawu unali udakali wowombera pansi. Pa September 18, adawononga zotsatirazi m'magulu a AA: 10 anavulala, mahatchi 14 anaphedwa, mabokosi 2 a zida za 40 mm anawonongedwa, galimoto imodzi yowonongeka ndi zina zazing'ono.

Pa Seputembara 20, pafupifupi 14:00, m'dera la Central Institute of Physical Education ndi nkhalango ya Belyansky, zida zoponya mabomba za Henschel-123 ndi Junkers-87 zidaukira. Kuwombera kwina kwamphamvu pa 16:15 kunapangidwa ndi pafupifupi 30-40 ndege zamitundu yosiyanasiyana: Junkers-86, Junkers-87, Dornier-17, Heinkel-111, Messerschmitt-109 ndi Henschel-123. Masana, chikepecho chinayaka moto. Magawowo akuti adagwetsa ndege 7 za adani.

Pa Seputembara 21, zidanenedwa kuti ndege ziwiri zidawomberedwa chifukwa chamoto wotsutsana ndi ndege. Pafupifupi zida zonse zotsutsana ndi ndege zinayaka moto kuchokera ku zida zapansi. Pali ovulala atsopano

ndi zotayika zakuthupi. Pa Seputembara 22, ndege za oponya mabomba amodzi kuti azidziwitsidwa zidawonedwa m'mawa; timapepala tinamwazikananso kuzungulira mzindawo. Pakati pa 14:00 ndi 15:00 panali adani ku Prague, pafupifupi ndege 20, ndege imodzi inawomberedwa. Pakati pa 16:00 ndi 17:00 panali kuukira kwachiwiri komwe kumaphatikizapo ndege zoposa 20. Kuukira kwakukulu kunali pa Poniatowski Bridge. Ndege yachiwiri inanenedwa kuti idawomberedwa. Ndege ziwiri zinawomberedwa masana.

Pa Seputembara 23, kuphulitsa kwa bomba limodzi ndi ndege zowunikira zidalembedwanso. Masana sanamve za kuphulitsidwa kwa mabomba kwa mzindawu ndi madera ozungulira. Awiri a Dornier 2 akuti adawomberedwa. Ziwalo zonse zidawotchedwa kwambiri, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zida zankhondo ziwonongeke. Panalinso mahatchi ophedwa ndi ovulala, ophedwa ndi ovulala, mfuti ziwiri za 17-mm zinawonongeka kwambiri. M'modzi wa olamulira mabatire adavulala kwambiri.

Seputembara 24 m'mawa, kuyambira 6:00 mpaka 9:00, ndege zophulitsa bomba limodzi ndi ndege zowunikira zidawonedwa. Pakati pa 9:00 ndi 11:00 panali zigawenga za mafunde kuchokera mbali zosiyanasiyana. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndege zoposa 20 zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zinali mumlengalenga. Kuukira kwa m'mawa kunawononga kwambiri Royal Castle. Oyendetsa ndege amapewa mwanzeru moto wotsutsana ndi ndege, nthawi zambiri amasintha momwe amawulukira. Kuukira kotsatira kunachitika cha m'ma 15:00. Paziwopsezo za m'mawa, ndege 3 zidawomberedwa, masana - 1 idawomberedwa ndipo 1 idawonongeka. Kujambula kunalepheretsedwa ndi nyengo - mvula. Mu gulu la zida zankhondo, Mtsamunda Baran analamula kukonzanso, kulimbikitsa chivundikiro cha Zosefera ndi Kupopera Stations. Magulu a zida zankhondo anali akuyaka moto nthawi zonse kuchokera ku zida zapansi panthaka, zomwe zidakulirakulira panthawi yakuukira kwa ndege. Apolisi a 2 adaphedwa, kuphatikiza wamkulu wa batire limodzi ndi wamkulu wa gulu limodzi la mfuti zamakina. Kuphatikiza apo, adaphedwa ndikuvulazidwa panthawi yamfuti ndi mfuti zamakina. Chifukwa cha zida zankhondo, mmodzi wa 1-mm theka-olimba mfuti anawonongedwa kwathunthu, ndipo chiwerengero cha imfa yaikulu zida zankhondo zinalembedwa.

"Lolemba Lonyowa" - 25 September.

Lamulo la ku Germany lidaganiza zoyambitsa kuwombera kwakukulu kwa ndege ndi zida zankhondo zowopsa pamzinda wozingidwawo kuti athetse kukana kwa omenyera ufuluwo ndikuwakakamiza kugonja. Kuukiraku kunapitilira kuyambira 8:00 mpaka 18:00. Panthawiyi, mayunitsi a Luftwaffe ochokera ku Fl.Fhr.zbV okhala ndi pafupifupi 430 Ju 87, Hs 123, Do 17 ndi Ju 52 adaphulitsa mabomba asanu ndi awiri - 1176 sorties ndi mayunitsi owonjezera. Kuwerengera kwa Germany kunagwetsa mabomba okwana matani 558, kuphatikizapo matani 486 a mabomba ophulika kwambiri ndi matani 72 oyaka moto. Kuukiraku kudakhudza 47 Junkers Ju 52 zonyamula kuchokera ku IV/KG.zbV2, pomwe mabomba ang'onoang'ono a 102 adagwetsedwa. Mabomba anaphimba zida za Messerschmitts za I/JG 510 ndi I/ZG 76. Kuwomba kwa ndege kunali ndi zida zamphamvu zamphamvu.

Mzindawu unapsa m’malo mazanamazana. Chifukwa cha utsi wochuluka, womwe unalepheretsa kulimbana ndi zida zankhondo zotsutsana ndi ndege, mkulu wa gulu la "West", Colonel Dipl. M. Porvit adalamula kuti amenyane ndi ndege za adani ndi mfuti zamakina pazoponya zonse, kupatula malo apamwamba. Pankhani ya zigawenga zotsika, zida zazing'ono zimayenera kutsogoleredwa ndi magulu osankhidwa a mfuti pansi pa ulamuliro wa apolisi.

Kuukira kwa mpweya kunalepheretsa ntchito, kuphatikizapo malo opangira magetsi mumzinda wa Powisla; mumzindawu munalibe magetsi kuyambira 15:00. M'mbuyomu, pa September 16, zida zamoto zinayambitsa moto waukulu m'chipinda cha injini ya fakitale yamagetsi, yomwe inazimitsidwa mothandizidwa ndi dipatimenti yamoto. Pa nthawiyo, anthu pafupifupi 2000 ankabisala m’nyumba zake, makamaka okhala m’nyumba zapafupi. Cholinga chachiwiri cha ziwopsezo zowopsa za bungweli chinali malo opangira madzi ndi ngalande mumzinda. Chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa magetsi kuchokera kumalo opangira magetsi, zida za hydraulic zidatsekedwa. Panthawi yozinga, pafupifupi zipolopolo za 600, mabomba a mpweya 60 ndi mabomba oyaka XNUMX anagwera pazitsulo zonse za malo operekera madzi ndi zimbudzi za mumzindawu.

Zida zankhondo za ku Germany zidawononga mzindawu ndi moto wophulika kwambiri komanso ziboliboli. Pafupifupi malo onse oyimitsidwa adayimitsidwa; patsogolo maudindo anavutika pang'ono. Kulimbana ndi ndege za adani kunali kovuta chifukwa cha utsi umene unaphimba mzindawu, womwe unali kuyaka m’malo ambiri. Pafupifupi 10 am Warsaw anali akuyaka kale m'malo opitilira 300. Pa tsiku lomvetsa chisoni limeneli, anthu 5 mpaka 10 akanatha kufa. Warsaw, ndipo ena zikwizikwi anavulala.

Zinanenedwa kuti ndege 13 zinawomberedwa tsiku limodzi. M'malo mwake, panthawi ya zigawenga zankhondo, a Germany adataya Ju 87 ndi Ju 52s awiri ku zida zankhondo zaku Poland (komwe mabomba ang'onoang'ono oyaka adagwetsedwa).

Chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa mabomba, maofesi akuluakulu a mumzindawo anawonongeka kwambiri - Plant Power, Zosefera, ndi Pumping Station. Izi zinasokoneza kayendedwe ka magetsi ndi madzi. Mzindawu unali kuyaka moto, ndipo kunalibe chozimitsa motowo. Zida zankhondo zazikulu komanso kuphulitsa mabomba pa 25 Seputembala zidafulumizitsa lingaliro lopereka Warsaw. Tsiku lotsatira, Ajeremani anayambitsa zigawenga, zomwe zinakanidwa. Komabe, tsiku lomwelo, mamembala a Civic Committee adapempha General Rommel kuti apereke mzindawo.

Chifukwa cha kutayika kwakukulu kwa mzindawu, mkulu wa asilikali a "Warsaw", Major General S.J. Rommel, adalamula kuti kuthetseratu moto kwa maola 24 kuyambira 12:00 pa September 27. Cholinga chake chinali kuvomerezana ndi mkulu wa asilikali a Germany 8 pazochitika zobwerera ku Warsaw. Zokambirana zidayenera kumalizidwa ndi 29 September. Mgwirizano wodzipereka unamalizidwa pa 28 September. Malinga ndi zomwe bungweli limapereka, kuguba kwa gulu lankhondo la ku Poland kudayenera kuchitika pa Seputembara 29 kuyambira 20 koloko masana. Major General von Cohenhausen. Mpaka mzindawu unalandidwa ndi Ajeremani, mzindawu uyenera kulamulidwa ndi Purezidenti Starzhinsky ndi Council City ndi mabungwe omwe ali pansi pawo.

Chidule

Warsaw adateteza kuyambira 1 mpaka 27 September. Mzindawu ndi anthu okhalamo anakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi maulendo angapo a ndege ndi zida zankhondo, zowononga kwambiri zomwe zinali pa 25 September. Otsutsa a likulu, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo zambiri ndi kudzikonda, nthawi zambiri zazikulu ndi zolimba, zoyenera kulemekeza kwambiri, sizinasokoneze kwenikweni ndege za adani panthawi ya bombardment ya mzindawo.

M'zaka za chitetezo, likulu linali ndi anthu 1,2-1,25 miliyoni ndipo linakhala malo othawirako anthu pafupifupi 110 zikwi. asilikali. 5031 97 maofesala, 425 15 osakhala anatumidwa ndi zinsinsi anagwa mu ukapolo German. Akuti anthu pakati pa 20 ndi 4 adamwalira pankhondo zomenyera mzindawu. anapha anthu wamba ndi pafupifupi 5-287 zikwi asilikali akugwa - kuphatikizapo. Akuluakulu 3672 ndi maofesala 20 omwe sanatumizidwe komanso anthu wamba aikidwa m'manda amzindawu. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu masauzande ambiri (pafupifupi 16 XNUMX) ndi asitikali (pafupifupi XNUMX XNUMX) adavulala.

Malinga ndi lipoti la mmodzi wa antchito mobisa amene ankagwira ntchito ku Likulu la Police mu 1942, pamaso September 1, panali 18 nyumba mu Warsaw, amene okha 495 2645 (14,3%), nyumba ndi kuwonongeka (kuchokera kuwala kuti kwambiri ) sanawonongeke panthawi ya chitetezo chawo chinali 13 847 (74,86%) ndipo nyumba za 2007 (10,85%) zinawonongedwa kwathunthu.

Pakati pa mzindawu panawonongeka kwambiri. Malo opangira magetsi ku Powisla adawonongeka ndi 16%. Pafupifupi nyumba zonse ndi nyumba zopangira magetsi zidawonongeka kumlingo wina. Zotayika zake zonse zikuyerekeza PLN 19,5 miliyoni. Zoterezi zinawonongekanso chifukwa cha madzi ndi ngalande za mzindawo. Panali zowonongeka za 586 pamadzi opangira madzi, ndi 270 pazitsulo zamadzimadzi, komanso, mapaipi a madzi akumwa a 247 ndi madzi ambiri a m'nyumba adawonongeka pamtunda wa mamita 624. Kampaniyo inataya antchito 20 anaphedwa, 5 anavulala kwambiri. ndipo 12 anavulazidwa pang’ono pankhondoyo.

Kuwonjezera pa kutaya chuma, chikhalidwe cha dziko chinawonongeka kwambiri, kuphatikizapo. Pa Seputembara 17, Royal Castle ndi zosonkhanitsa zake zidawotchedwa, kuyatsa moto ndi zida zankhondo. Kuwonongeka kwa zinthu za mzindawo kunayesedwa pambuyo pa nkhondo molingana ndi mawerengedwe a prof. Marina Lalkevich, mu kuchuluka kwa 3 biliyoni zlotys (poyerekeza, ndalama ndi ndalama za bajeti ya boma mchaka chandalama cha 1938-39 zidakwana 2,475 biliyoni zloty).

Luftwaffe adatha kuwuluka ku Warsaw ndikugwetsa zinthu popanda "vuto" zambiri kuyambira maola oyamba ankhondo. Pamlingo wocheperako, izi zitha kupewedwa ndi omenyera a brigade, komanso mocheperako ndi zida zotsutsana ndi ndege. Vuto lokhalo lomwe linayima panjira ya Ajeremani linali nyengo yoipa.

M'masiku asanu ndi limodzi akumenyana (September 1-6), oyendetsa ndege oyendetsa ndege adanena kuti 43 anawonongedwa ndipo 9 mwinamwake anawonongedwa ndipo 20 anawononga ndege za Luftwaffe panthawi yoteteza likulu. Malinga ndi chidziwitso cha Germany, kupambana kwenikweni kwa Poles kunakhala kochepa kwambiri. Ndege zaku Germany pankhondo ndi gulu lothamangitsa zidatayika kosatha masiku asanu ndi limodzi

17-20 ndege zankhondo (onani tebulo), khumi ndi awiri adalandira zosakwana 60% zowonongeka ndipo zinali zokonzeka. Izi ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri, chifukwa cha zida zakale ndi zida zofooka za Poles zomwe adamenyana nazo.

Kutayika kwaumwini kunali kwakukulu kwambiri; Gulu lothamangitsa anthu linali litatsala pang'ono kuthetsedwa. Kuyambira pomwe omenyera nkhondo 54 adatayika pankhondo (kuphatikiza 3 zowonjezera PZL-11 mpaka III / 1 Dyon), omenyera 34 adawonongeka osasinthika ndipo adasiyidwa (pafupifupi 60%). Gawo la ndege lomwe linawonongeka pankhondo likhoza kupulumutsidwa ngati pali zopangira zopangira, mawilo, mbali za injini, ndi zina zotero, ndipo panali malo okonzera ndi kuthawa. Mu III / 1 Dönier, 13 PZL-11 omenyana ndi mmodzi popanda kutenga nawo mbali mdani anatayika pa nkhondo ndi Luftwaffe. Nayenso, IV / 1 Dyon adataya 17 PZL-11 ndi PZL-7a omenyana ndi ena atatu popanda kutenga nawo mbali mdani pankhondo ndi Luftwaffe. Gulu lozunza linatayika: anayi adaphedwa ndipo mmodzi adasowa, ndipo 10 adavulala - m'chipatala. Pa September 7, III/1 Dyon anali ndi PZL-5s 2 ndi 11 PZL-3s ku Kerzh akukonzedwa pabwalo la ndege ku Kerzh 11 ndi Zaborov. Kumbali ina, IV / 1 Dyon inali ndi 6 PZL-11s ndi 4 PZL-7a yogwira ntchito ku Belżyce airfield, ndi 3 zina PZL-11s akukonzedwa.

Ngakhale gulu lalikulu la asilikali oteteza ndege ku likulu (mfuti 92), mfuti odana ndege nthawi yoyamba ya chitetezo mpaka September 6 sanawononge mdani mmodzi ndege. Pambuyo pa kubwerera kwa gulu lankhondo ndi kugwidwa kwa zida za 2/3 zotsutsana ndi ndege, zinthu za Warsaw zidaipiraipira. Adaniwo anazungulira mzindawo. Panali zinthu zochepa kwambiri zothana ndi ndege yake, ndipo mfuti zaposachedwa kwambiri za 75 mm zotsutsana ndi ndege zidatumizidwa. Pafupifupi masiku khumi ndi awiri pambuyo pake, mabatire anayi amagalimoto okhala ndi 10 40 mm wz. 36 Bofors. Zida zimenezi, komabe, sizinathe kudzaza mipata yonse. Patsiku lodzipereka, otetezawo anali ndi mfuti 12 75 mm anti-ndege (kuphatikizapo 4 wz. 37St) ndi 27 40 mm Bofors wz. 36 ndi wz. 38 (ma platoons 14) ndi makampani asanu ndi atatu a mfuti zamakina okhala ndi zida zochepa. Pa nthawi ya adani ndi zipolopolo, otetezerawo adawononga mabatire awiri a 75-mm odana ndi ndege ndi mfuti ziwiri za 2 mm. Zotayika zidafika: maofesala awiri adaphedwa, pafupifupi maofesala khumi ndi awiri omwe sanatumizidwe ndi anthu wamba adaphedwa, ndi anthu khumi ndi awiri ovulala.

Poteteza Warsaw, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa mkulu wa miseche wa Warsaw Center, Colonel V. Aries, ndege za adani 103 ziyenera kuponyedwa pansi, zomwe zisanu ndi chimodzi (sic!) ndipo 97 anawomberedwa ndi mfuti ndi mfuti zotsutsana ndi ndege. Mkulu wa asilikali a Warsaw anasankha mitanda itatu ya Virtuti Militari ndi mitanda 25 ya Valor kuti igawidwe kumagulu a chitetezo cha ndege. Yoyamba idaperekedwa ndi Mtsamunda Baran: Lieutenant Wieslaw Kedziorsky (mkulu wa batire ya 75 mm St), Lieutenant Mikolay Dunin-Martsinkevich (mtsogoleri wa gulu la 40 mm) ndi Lieutenant Antony Yazvetsky (gawo la 18 km).

Kupambana kwa mfuti zolimbana ndi ndege za likulu zapansi panthaka ndizokokomeza kwambiri, ndipo omenyera nkhondo amawonedwa mopepuka. Nthawi zambiri, kuponya kwawo kumanena za kugunda komwe palibe umboni weniweni wa kutayika kwa mdani. Komanso, kuchokera ku malipoti a tsiku ndi tsiku a Colonel S. Oven ponena za kupambana sikungachokere ku chiwerengero ichi, kusiyana kwake kudakali kwakukulu, komwe sikudziwika kufotokozera.

Tikayang'ana zolemba za Germany, iwo irretrievably anataya mabomba osachepera asanu ndi atatu, omenyera nkhondo ndi reconnaissance ndege pa Warsaw kuchokera odana ndege moto (onani tebulo). Magalimoto ena ochepa ochokera kumagulu akutali kapena apafupi atha kugundidwa ndikuwonongeka. Komabe, izi sizingakhale kutayika kwakukulu (mzere 1-3 magalimoto?). Ndege zina khumi ndi ziwiri zidawonongeka zamitundu yosiyanasiyana (zosakwana 60%). Poyerekeza ndi kuwombera kolengezedwa kwa 97, tili ndi kuchulukitsa kopitilira 12 kwa kuwombera koteteza mpweya.

Panthawi yolimbana ndi chitetezo cha ndege ku Warsaw mu 1939, ndege zankhondo ndi zida zankhondo zidawononga osachepera 25-28 ndege zankhondo, ena khumi ndi awiri adalandira zosakwana 60% zowonongeka, i.e. zinali zoyenera kukonzedwa. Ndi onse olembedwa anawononga adani ndege - 106 kapena 146-155 - pang'ono anapindula, ndi pang'ono chabe. Kulimbana kwakukulu ndi kudzipereka kwa ambiri sikunathe mokwanira kutsekereza kusiyana kwakukulu mu njira yokonzekeretsa otetezera mogwirizana ndi njira ya mdani.

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