Galimoto yamagetsi ya batri

Mugalimoto yamagetsi, batire, kapena m'malo mwake batire paketi, imakhala ndi gawo lalikulu. Chigawochi chimatsimikizira, mwa zina, kuchuluka, nthawi yolipira, kulemera ndi mtengo wa galimoto yamagetsi. Munkhaniyi, tikuwonetsani zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa za mabatire.

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mfundo yakuti magalimoto amagetsi amagwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Mabatire amtunduwu amapezekanso m'mafoni am'manja ndi laputopu. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabatire a lithiamu-ion omwe amakonza zida zosiyanasiyana monga cobalt, manganese kapena faifi tambala. Ubwino wa mabatire a lithiamu-ion ndikuti ali ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso moyo wautali wautumiki. Choyipa ndichakuti sikutheka kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse. Kutulutsa batire kwathunthu ndikovulaza. Nkhanizi zidzakambidwa kwambiri m’ndime zotsatirazi.

Mosiyana ndi foni kapena laputopu, magalimoto amagetsi amakhala ndi batire yowonjezedwanso yopangidwa ndi ma cell. Maselowa amapanga masango omwe amatha kulumikizidwa motsatizana kapena mofananira. Batire imatenga malo ambiri ndipo imalemera kwambiri. Kuti mugawire kulemera momwe mungathere m'galimoto yonse, batire nthawi zambiri imapangidwira pansi.

Kutha

Kuchuluka kwa batri ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa galimoto yamagetsi. Kuchuluka kwake kumatchulidwa mu kilowatt-maola (kWh). Mwachitsanzo, Tesla Model 3 Long Range ili ndi batire ya 75 kWh, pomwe Volkswagen e-Up ili ndi batire ya 36,8 kWh. Kodi nambalayi ikutanthauza chiyani kwenikweni?

Watt - ndipo chifukwa chake kilowatt - amatanthauza mphamvu yomwe batri imatha kupanga. Ngati batire ikupereka mphamvu ya 1 kilowatt kwa ola limodzi, ndiye kilowati imodzi.ora mphamvu. Mphamvu ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe batire lingasunge. Maola a Watt amawerengedwa pochulukitsa kuchuluka kwa ma amp-hours (chaji chamagetsi) ndi kuchuluka kwa ma volts (voltage).

Mwakuchita, simudzakhala ndi batire lathunthu lomwe muli nalo. Batire yotulutsidwa kwathunthu - motero kugwiritsa ntchito 100% ya mphamvu yake - kumawononga moyo wake. Ngati magetsi ndi otsika kwambiri, zinthuzo zikhoza kuwonongeka. Pofuna kupewa izi, zamagetsi nthawi zonse zimasiya buffer. Kulipira kwathunthu sikuthandizanso batire. Ndi bwino kulipiritsa batire kuchokera 20% mpaka 80% kapena kwinakwake pakati. Tikakamba za batire la 75kWh, ndiye kuti ndi mphamvu yonse. Chifukwa chake, pochita, nthawi zonse muyenera kuthana ndi mphamvu zosagwiritsidwa ntchito.

kutentha

Kutentha ndi chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimakhudza mphamvu ya batri. Batire yozizira imabweretsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu. Izi ndichifukwa choti chemistry mu batri simagwiranso ntchito pakatentha kwambiri. Chotsatira chake, m'nyengo yozizira muyenera kuthana ndi mitundu yaying'ono. Kutentha kwakukulu kumakhudzanso ntchito, koma pang'ono. Kutentha kumakhala ndi vuto lalikulu pa moyo wa batri. Choncho, kuzizira kumakhala ndi zotsatira za nthawi yochepa, pamene kutentha kumakhala ndi nthawi yayitali.

Magalimoto ambiri amagetsi ali ndi Battery Management System (BMS) yomwe imayang'anira kutentha, mwa zina. Dongosololi nthawi zambiri limalowererapo mwachangu potenthetsa, kuziziritsa ndi / kapena mpweya wabwino.

kutalika kwa moyo

Anthu ambiri amadabwa kuti moyo wa batri wa galimoto yamagetsi ndi chiyani. Popeza magalimoto amagetsi akadali aang'ono, palibe yankho lotsimikizika, makamaka pankhani ya mabatire aposachedwa. Inde, izi zimadaliranso galimoto.

Moyo wautumiki umatsimikiziridwa pang'ono ndi kuchuluka kwa maulendo olipira. Mwa kuyankhula kwina: kangati batire imayitanidwa kuchokera ku chopanda kanthu mpaka kudzaza. Chifukwa chake, kuzungulira kolipiritsa kumatha kugawidwa m'zidango zingapo. Monga tanena kale, ndi bwino kulipiritsa pakati pa 20% ndi 80% nthawi iliyonse kuti muwonjezere moyo wa batri.

Kuchangitsa mwachangu kwambiri sikuthandizanso kukulitsa moyo wa batri. Izi ndichifukwa choti panthawi yolipira mwachangu, kutentha kumakwera kwambiri. Monga tanenera kale, kutentha kwakukulu kumakhudza kwambiri moyo wa batri. M'malo mwake, magalimoto omwe ali ndi makina oziziritsa amatha kukana izi. Nthawi zambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzitha kuthamangitsa mwachangu komanso kulipiritsa wamba. Sikuti kulipiritsa mwachangu ndi koyipa.

Magalimoto amagetsi akhala pamsika kwanthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, ndi magalimoto awa, mutha kuwona kuchuluka kwa batire komwe kudachepa. Zokolola zimatsika pafupifupi 2,3% pachaka. Komabe, chitukuko cha teknoloji ya batri sichiyima, kotero kuti chiwerengero cha kuwonongeka chikuchepa.

Ndi magalimoto amagetsi omwe ayenda makilomita ambiri, kutsika kwa mphamvu sikuli koipa kwambiri. Teslas, yomwe yayenda mtunda wopitilira 250.000 90 km, nthawi zina imakhala ndi batire yopitilira XNUMX% yotsalira. Kumbali inayi, palinso Teslas pomwe batire yonse yasinthidwa ndi ma mileage ochepa.

kupanga

Kupanga mabatire a magalimoto amagetsi kumadzetsanso mafunso: Kodi kupanga mabatire otere ndi otetezeka bwanji? Kodi zinthu zosafunikira zikuchitika panthawi yopanga? Nkhanizi zikukhudzana ndi kapangidwe ka batri. Popeza magalimoto amagetsi amayendetsa mabatire a lithiamu-ion, lithiamu ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Komabe, zida zina zingapo zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Cobalt, nickel, manganese ndi / kapena iron phosphate amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kutengera mtundu wa batri.

Zachilengedwe

Kutulutsa kwa zinthuzi kumawononga chilengedwe komanso kuwononga malo. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu zobiriwira nthawi zambiri sizigwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. Choncho, magalimoto amagetsi amakhudzanso chilengedwe. Ndizowona kuti zida za batri ndizobwezanso kwambiri. Mabatire otayidwa m'magalimoto amagetsi atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pazinthu zina. Werengani zambiri pamutuwu m'nkhani ya momwe magalimoto amagetsi amayendera zachilengedwe.

Zochita

Potengera momwe ntchito zikuyendera, cobalt ndiye chinthu chovuta kwambiri. Pali nkhawa za ufulu wa anthu panthawi yamigodi ku Congo. Amakamba za kudyera masuku pamutu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ana. Mwa njira, izi sizingokhudzana ndi magalimoto amagetsi. Nkhaniyi imakhudzanso mabatire a foni ndi laputopu.

Zowonongeka

Mabatire ali ndi zipangizo zodula. Mwachitsanzo, kufunikira kwa cobalt, komanso mtengo wake, kwakwera kwambiri. Nickel ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mtengo wopangira mabatire ndi wokwera kwambiri. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe magalimoto amagetsi ndi okwera mtengo poyerekeza ndi petulo kapena dizilo ofanana. Zikutanthauzanso kuti mtundu wosiyana wa galimoto yamagetsi yokhala ndi batire yayikulu nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwera mtengo kwambiri nthawi yomweyo. Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti mabatire ndi otsika mtengo.

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Accupercentage

Galimoto yamagetsi nthawi zonse imasonyeza kuchuluka kwa batri. Amatchedwanso Malipiro a boma kuyitanidwa. Njira ina yoyezera ndi Kutaya kwakuya... Izi zikuwonetsa momwe batire imatulutsira, osati kuchuluka kwake. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi magalimoto ambiri a petulo kapena dizilo, izi nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza kuyerekeza kwa mtunda wotsalira.

Galimotoyo siingathe kunena ndendende kuchuluka kwa batire, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti musayese tsogolo. Batire ikatsala pang'ono kutsika, zinthu zamtengo wapatali zosafunikira monga kutenthetsa ndi zoziziritsa mpweya zimatsekedwa. Zinthu zikafika poipa kwambiri, galimotoyo imatha kuyenda pang’onopang’ono. 0% sikutanthauza batire yotulutsidwa kwathunthu chifukwa cha buffer yomwe tatchulayi.

Kunyamula katundu

Nthawi yolipira imadalira magalimoto onse komanso njira yolipirira. M'galimoto yokha, mphamvu ya batri ndi mphamvu yolipiritsa ndizosankha. Mphamvu ya batri yakhala ikukambidwa kale. Mphamvu ikawonetsedwa mu ma kilowatt maola (kWh), kuchuluka kwa ndalama kumawonetsedwa mu kilowatts (kW). Zimawerengedwa pochulukitsa mphamvu (mu amperes) ndi panopa (volts). Kukwera kwa mphamvu yolipiritsa, m'pamenenso galimoto imathamanga.

Malo opangira magetsi wamba amakhala ndi mphamvu ya 11 kW kapena 22 kW AC. Komabe, si magalimoto onse amagetsi omwe ali oyenera kulipiritsa 22 kW. Ma charger othamanga amakhala ndi magetsi osasintha. Izi ndizotheka ndi mphamvu yokweza kwambiri. Tesla Supercharger Charger 120kW ndi Faststed Fast Chargers 50kW 175kW. Sikuti magalimoto onse amagetsi ndi oyenera kulipiritsa mwachangu ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya 120 kapena 175 kW.

Malo oyipira anthu onse

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kulipiritsa ndi njira yopanda mzere. Kulipiritsa komaliza 20% ndikocheperako. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi yolipira nthawi zambiri imatchedwa kuti kulipiritsa mpaka 80%.

Nthawi yotsegula imadalira zinthu zingapo. Chinthu chimodzi ndi chakuti mukugwiritsa ntchito gawo limodzi kapena atatu. Kuthamanga kwa magawo atatu ndikothamanga kwambiri, koma si magalimoto onse amagetsi omwe ali oyenera izi. Kuphatikiza apo, nyumba zina zimangogwiritsa ntchito gawo limodzi m'malo mwa magawo atatu.

Malo opangira anthu okhazikika amakhala ndi magawo atatu ndipo amapezeka mu 16 ndi 32 amps. Kulipiritsa (0% mpaka 80%) kwa galimoto yamagetsi yokhala ndi batire ya 50 kWh kumatenga pafupifupi maola 16 pa 11 A kapena 3,6 kW pazigawo zopangira milu. Zimatenga maola 32 ndi ma 22 amp charging stations (mitengo ya 1,8 kW).

Komabe, zitha kuchitika mwachangu kwambiri: ndi charger yothamanga ya 50 kW, zingatenge mphindi 50 zokha. Masiku ano palinso ma charger othamanga a 175 kW, omwe batire ya 50 kWh imatha kuyimbidwa ngakhale mpaka 80% mu mphindi XNUMX. Kuti mumve zambiri za malo ochapira anthu onse, onani nkhani yathu ya malo ochapira ku Netherlands.

Kulipira kunyumba

Ndizothekanso kulipira kunyumba. Nyumba zazing'ono zazing'ono nthawi zambiri sizikhala ndi kugwirizana kwa magawo atatu. Kulipira nthawi, ndithudi, kumadalira mphamvu zamakono. Pakali pano 16 amperes, galimoto yamagetsi yokhala ndi batire ya 50 kWh imawononga 10,8% mu maola 80. Pakali pano ma amperes 25, awa ndi maola 6,9, ndipo pa 35 amperes, maola 5. Nkhani yopezera malo ochapira anu imafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za kulipiritsa kunyumba. Mutha kufunsanso: Kodi batire lathunthu limawononga ndalama zingati? Funsoli lidzayankhidwa m'nkhani ya mtengo wa galimoto yamagetsi.

Kufotokozera mwachidule

Batire ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pagalimoto yamagetsi. Zoyipa zambiri za galimoto yamagetsi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chigawo ichi. Mabatire akadali okwera mtengo, olemera, okhudzidwa ndi kutentha komanso osakonda chilengedwe. Kumbali ina, kunyozeka pakapita nthawi sikuli koyipa. Kuphatikiza apo, mabatire ndi otsika mtengo kale, opepuka komanso achangu kuposa momwe amakhalira. Opanga akugwira ntchito molimbika pakukula kwa mabatire, kotero kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino.