Ma eyapoti Padziko Lonse 2020

PL Los Angeles idatumikira okwera 28,78 miliyoni ndikutaya anthu 59,3 miliyoni (-67,3%) poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha. Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa American Airlines B787 pa imodzi mwamaulendo ake opita ku eyapoti.

M'chaka chamavuto cha 2020, ma eyapoti padziko lonse lapansi adatumiza anthu okwera 3,36 biliyoni ndi katundu wokwana matani 109 miliyoni, ndipo ndege zolumikizirana zidachita zonyamuka ndi kutera zokwana 58 miliyoni. Poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha, maulendo a ndege adatsika ndi -63,3%, -8,9% ndi -43%, motero. Pakhala kusintha kwakukulu pamasanjidwe a ma eyapoti akulu kwambiri, ndipo zotsatira zowerengera zikuwonetsa momwe mliri wa coronavirus wakhudzira ntchito yawo. Madoko akulu kwambiri ndi China Guangzhou (okwera 43,8 miliyoni), Atlanta (okwera 42,9 miliyoni), Chengdu, Dallas-Fort Worth ndi Shenzhen, ndi madoko onyamula katundu: Memphis (matani 4,5 miliyoni), Hong Kong (matani okwera 4,6 miliyoni), Shanghai , Anchorage ndi Louisville.

Msika woyendetsa ndege umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwachuma chapadziko lonse lapansi, kukhala chinthu chokhazikika cha anthu amakono. Maulendo apandege m'madera ena a dziko lapansi amagawidwa mosagwirizana ndipo zimatengera momwe chuma chamayiko chilili (doko lalikulu la ku Asia kapena ku America lili ndi magalimoto ambiri kuposa madoko onse aku Africa ataphatikizidwa). Ma eyapoti olumikizirana ndi ma eyapoti omwe akugwira nawo ntchito ndizofunikira kwambiri pamsika. Pali pafupifupi 2500 aiwo omwe akugwira ntchito, kuyambira yayikulu kwambiri, yomwe imatumiza mazana angapo ndege tsiku lililonse, mpaka yaying'ono kwambiri, komwe imatera pafupipafupi.

Mabwalo a ndege olankhulana amakhala pafupi ndi matawuni, ndipo chifukwa cha: zofunikira zachitetezo, madera akulu ndi kusokoneza kwaphokoso, nthawi zambiri amakhala patali kwambiri ndi likulu lawo (pafupifupi ku Europe - 18,6 km). Ma eyapoti akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi potengera dera ndi awa: Saudi Arabia Dammam King Fahd (776 km²), Denver (136 km²), Istanbul (76 km²), Texas Dallas-Fort Worth (70 km²), Orlando (54 km²). Washington Dulles (49 km²), Houston George Bush (44 km²), Shanghai Pudong (40 km²), Cairo (36 km²) ndi Bangkok Suvarnabhumi (32 km²). Komabe, molingana ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso luso komanso kuthekera kothandizira mitundu ina ya ndege, ma eyapoti amagawidwa motsatira dongosolo la ma code. Zili ndi nambala ndi chilembo, zomwe ziwerengero zochokera ku 1 mpaka 4 zimayimira kutalika kwa msewu wonyamukira ndege, ndipo zilembo zochokera ku A mpaka F zimatsimikizira zofunikira za ndege. Ndege yanthawi zonse yomwe imatha kuyendetsa ndege za Boeing 737 iyenera kukhala ndi code yochepera 3C (njira yothamanga 1200-1800 m).

Ma Code omwe amaperekedwa ndi ICAO Organisation ndi IATA Air Carriers Association amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsa komwe kuli ma eyapoti ndi madoko. Zizindikiro za ICAO ndi zilembo zinayi, kalata yoyamba yomwe ili gawo la dziko lapansi, yachiwiri ndi dera loyang'anira kapena dziko, ndipo awiri otsiriza ndi chizindikiritso cha eyapoti (mwachitsanzo, EPWA - Europe, Poland, Warsaw). Zizindikiro za IATA ndi zilembo zitatu ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatchula dzina la mzinda womwe doko lili (mwachitsanzo, OSL - Oslo) kapena dzina loyenera (mwachitsanzo, CDG - Paris, Charles de Gaulle).

Ndege yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yaku China, Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport, idathandizira okwera 43,76 miliyoni (-40,5%). Chifukwa cha zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri za madoko ena, yakwera malo 10 padziko lonse lapansi. China South Line A380 kutsogolo kwa doko.

Bungwe lomwe limagwirizanitsa ma eyapoti padziko lonse lapansi ndi ACI Airports Council International, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1991. Amayimira zofuna zawo pazokambirana ndi zokambirana ndi: mabungwe apadziko lonse (mwachitsanzo, ICAO, IATA ndi Eurocontrol), ndege, maulendo apamtunda wa ndege, amakulitsa miyezo ya ntchito za ndege. Mu Januware 2021, ogwira ntchito 701 adalumikizana ndi ACI, akugwiritsa ntchito ma eyapoti 1933 m'maiko 183. 95% ya magalimoto padziko lapansi amadutsa kumeneko, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tiganizire ziwerengero za bungwe ili ngati nthumwi ya mauthenga onse oyendetsa ndege. ACI World ili ku Montreal ndipo imathandizidwa ndi makomiti apadera ndi magulu ogwira ntchito, komanso maofesi asanu achigawo.

Mu 2019, ndalama zama eyapoti zidafika $180,9 biliyoni, kuphatikiza: $97,8 biliyoni. kuchokera ku ntchito zandege (mwachitsanzo, ndalama zolipirira okwera ndi katundu, kutera ndi kuyimitsa) ndi $72,7 biliyoni. kuchokera kuzinthu zopanda ndege (mwachitsanzo, kupereka chithandizo, malo odyera, kuyimitsa magalimoto ndi kubwereketsa malo).

Ziwerengero zamaulendo apandege 2020

Chaka chatha, ma eyapoti padziko lonse lapansi adathandizira okwera 3,36 biliyoni, i.e. 5,8 biliyoni pasanathe chaka chapitacho. Choncho, kuchepa kwa magalimoto onyamula katundu kunali -63,3%, ndipo apamwamba kwambiri adalembedwa m'madoko a ku Ulaya (-69,7%) ndi Middle East (-68,8%). M'misika ikuluikulu iwiri ya Asia ndi North America, kuchuluka kwa anthu okwera kunatsika ndi -59,8% ndi -61,3%, motsatana. Mwachiwerengero, okwera ambiri adatayika m'madoko a Asia ndi Pacific Islands (-2,0 biliyoni okwera), Europe (-1,7 biliyoni okwera) ndi North America.

M'miyezi iwiri yoyambirira ya 2020, maulendo apandege m'maiko ambiri adayendetsedwa popanda ziletso zazikulu, ndipo kotalali, madoko adatumikira apaulendo 1592 miliyoni, omwe adapanga 47,7% yazotsatira zapachaka. M'miyezi yotsatira, ntchito yawo idadziwika ndi funde loyamba la mliri wa coronavirus, pomwe kutsekeka (kutsekereza) ndi zoletsa kuyenda pandege nthawi zonse zidayambitsidwa m'maiko ambiri. Gawo lachiwiri lidatha ndi okwera 251 miliyoni, zomwe ndi 10,8% ya zotsatira za kotala chaka chatha (2318 97,3 miliyoni okwera). M'malo mwake, msika wamayendedwe apamlengalenga wasiya kugwira ntchito, ndipo kutsika kwakukulu kotala kotala kwa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kunalembedwa m'madoko otsatirawa: Africa (-96,3%), Middle East (-19%) ndi Europe. Kuyambira pakati pa chaka, magalimoto ayambiranso pang'onopang'ono. Komabe, ndikufika kwa funde lachiwiri la mliriwu komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa ziletso zina kuti aletse kufalikira kwa Covid-737, kuyenda kwa ndege kwatsikanso. M'gawo lachitatu, ma eyapoti adathandizira okwera 22 miliyoni, omwe amakhala 85,4% yazotsatira zapachaka. Poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi ya chaka chathachi, kuchepa kwakukulu kotereku kwa magalimoto onyamula katundu kunalembedwa m'madoko otsatirawa: Middle East (-82,9%), Africa (-779%) ndi South America. Mabwalo a ndege ananyamula anthu 78,3 miliyoni m’gawo lachinayi, ndipo maulendo apandege m’mayiko osankhidwa anakhudzidwa ndi ziletso za maulendo. Madoko ku Europe adatsika kwambiri kotala la anthu okwera, pa -58,5%, pomwe madoko aku Asia ndi Pacific Islands (-XNUMX%) ndi South America adatayika pang'ono.