Ndege zaku Argentina
Aerolíneas Argentinas ndi ndege yoyamba yaku South America kulandira Boeing 737-MAX 8.
Chithunzi: ndegeyo inaperekedwa ku Buenos Aires pa November 23, 2017. Mu June 2018, 5 B737MAX8s inagwiritsidwa ntchito pamzerewu, ndi 2020 wonyamulirayo adzalandira 11 B737s m'bukuli. Zithunzi za Boeing
Mbiri ya kayendedwe ka ndege m'dziko lachiwiri lalikulu ku South America imabwerera m'mbuyo pafupifupi zaka zana. Kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri, chonyamulira ndege chachikulu kwambiri mdziko muno chinali Aerolíneas Argentinas, yomwe idakumana ndi mpikisano kuchokera kumakampani odziyimira pawokha pakupanga msika wapaulendo wapagulu. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 90, kampani ya ku Argentina inakhazikitsidwa, koma pambuyo pa kusintha kosatheka, idagweranso m'manja mwa chuma cha boma.
Kuyesera koyamba kukhazikitsa maulendo apandege ku Argentina kunayamba mu 1921. Apa m'pamene kampani ya River Plate Aviation Company, ya Major Shirley H. Kingsley, yemwe kale anali woyendetsa ndege wa Royal Flying Corps, anayamba kuwuluka kuchokera ku Buenos Aires kupita ku Montevideo, Uruguay. Military Airco DH.6s idagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizirana, ndipo pambuyo pake mipando inayi DH.16. Ngakhale jekeseni wamkulu ndikusintha dzina, kampaniyo idasiya bizinesi zaka zingapo pambuyo pake. M’zaka za m’ma 20 ndi m’ma 30, zoyesayesa zokhazikitsa ndege zokhazikika ku Argentina pafupifupi nthaŵi zonse sizinaphule kanthu. Chifukwa chake chinali mpikisano wamphamvu kwambiri kuchokera kumayendedwe ena, kukwera mtengo kwantchito, kukwera mtengo kwa matikiti kapena zopinga zovomerezeka. Pambuyo pa ntchito yochepa, makampani oyendetsa galimoto anatseka mwamsanga ntchito zawo. Izi zinali choncho ndi Lloyd Aéreo Córdoba, mothandizidwa ndi a Junkers, omwe adagwira ntchito kuchokera ku Córdoba mu 1925-27 pogwiritsa ntchito ma F.13 awiri ndi G.24 imodzi, kapena m'ma 30s Servicio Aéreo Territorial de Santa Cruz, Sociedad. Transportes Aéreos (STA) ndi Servicio Experimental de Transporte Aéreo (SETA). Tsoka lofananalo lidagwera magulu angapo owuluka omwe amatumiza mauthenga akumaloko m'ma 20s.
Kampani yoyamba yopambana yomwe idasungabe ntchito zake zoyendetsa ndege mdziko muno kwa nthawi yayitali inali ndege yopangidwa ndi French Aéropostale. M'zaka za m'ma 20, kampaniyo inapanga zoyendera positi zomwe zinafika kum'mwera kwa dziko la America, kumene kugwirizana ndi Ulaya kunapangidwa kuchokera kumapeto kwa zaka khumi. Pozindikira mwayi watsopano wamalonda, pa September 27, 1927, kampaniyo inakhazikitsa Aeroposta Argentina SA. Mzere watsopanowu unayamba kugwira ntchito patatha miyezi ingapo yokonzekera ndi kuyendetsa ndege zingapo mu 1928, zomwe zinatsimikizira kuti n'zotheka kuyenda maulendo amtundu uliwonse panjira zosiyanasiyana. Popanda chilolezo cha boma, pa Januware 1, 1929, a Latécoère 25 awiri omwe anali ndi gululo adanyamuka ulendo wopita ku General Pacheco Airport ku Buenos Aires kupita ku Asuncion ku Paraguay. Pa July 14 chaka chomwecho, ndege za positi zinayambika kudutsa Andes kupita ku Santiago de Chile pogwiritsa ntchito ndege za Potez 25. Pakati pa oyendetsa ndege oyambirira kuuluka panjira zatsopano anali, makamaka, Antoine de Saint-Exupery. Anatenganso udindo wa Latécoère 1 1929 November 25, akutsegula ntchito yophatikizana kuchokera ku Buenos Aires, Bahia Blanca, San Antonio Oeste ndi Trelew kupita ku malo a mafuta a Comodoro Rivadavia; makilomita oyambirira a 350 kupita ku Bahia anayenda ndi njanji, ulendo wotsalawo unali wandege.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 30 ndi 40, makampani angapo atsopano adawonekera pamsika wa zoyendera ku Argentina, kuphatikizapo SASA, SANA, Corporación Sudamericanna de Servicios Aéreos, yomwe ili ndi boma la Italy, kapena Líneas Aéreas del Sudoeste (LASO) ndi Líneas Aéreas del Noreste ( LANE), yopangidwa ndi gulu lankhondo laku Argentina. Makampani awiri omaliza adalumikizana mu 1945 ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito ngati Líneas Aéreas del Estado (LADE). Woyendetsa usilikali akugwirabe ntchito zoyendera ndege mpaka lero, chifukwa chake ndiye chonyamulira chakale kwambiri ku Argentina.
Masiku ano, Aerolíneas Argentinas ndi ndege yachiwiri yakale komanso yayikulu kwambiri mdziko muno. Mbiri ya ndegeyo inayamba m'ma 40, ndipo chiyambi cha ntchito yake chikugwirizana ndi kusintha kwa msika woyendetsa ndege komanso kusintha kwa ndale. Tiyenera kutchula koyambirira kuti chaka cha 1945 chisanafike, ndege zakunja (makamaka PANAGRA) zinali ndi ufulu wochita malonda ku Argentina. Kuphatikiza pa kugwirizana kwa mayiko, amatha kugwira ntchito pakati pa mizinda yomwe ili mkati mwa dziko. Boma silinasangalale ndi chigamulochi ndipo linalimbikitsa kuti makampani apakhomo azilamulira kwambiri kayendedwe ka ndege. Pansi pa malamulo atsopano omwe adayamba kugwira ntchito mu Epulo 1945, njira zakumaloko zitha kuyendetsedwa ndi mabizinesi aboma kapena kuvomerezedwa ndi dipatimenti yoyendetsa ndege ya kampaniyo, yomwe inali ya nzika zaku Argentina.
ALFA, FAMA, ZONDA ndi Aeroposta - zazikulu zinayi za m'ma 40s.
Boma lidagawa dzikolo m'magawo asanu ndi limodzi, ndipo lililonse litha kutumizidwa ndi imodzi mwamakampani apadera omwe amaphatikiza masheya. Chifukwa cha lamulo latsopanoli, makampani atatu atsopano oyendetsa ndege alowa msika: FAMA, ALFA ndi ZONDA. Zombo zoyamba, zomwe dzina lake lonse ndi Argentina Fleet Aérea Mercante (FAMA), zidapangidwa pa February 8, 1946. Posakhalitsa anayamba ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mabwato owuluka a Short Sandringham, omwe anagulidwa ndi cholinga chotsegula kugwirizana ndi Ulaya. Line idakhala kampani yoyamba yaku Argentina kuyambitsa maulendo apanyanja. Ntchito zopita ku Paris ndi London (kudzera ku Dakar), zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa mu Ogasiti 1946, zidakhazikitsidwa pa DC-4. Mu October, Madrid inali pa mapu a FAMA, ndipo mu July chaka chotsatira, Rome. Kampaniyo idagwiritsanso ntchito ma British Avro 691 Lancacastrian C.IV ndi Avro 685 York C.1 poyendera, koma chifukwa cha kutonthoza kochepa komanso kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito, ndegezi sizinachite bwino pamayendedwe ataliatali. Zombo za ndegeyi zidaphatikizanso ma Vickers Vikings opangidwa ndi mainjini awiri omwe amagwira ntchito m'mayendedwe akumaloko komanso akumayiko aku Africa. Mu October 1946, DC-4 inayamba kuwuluka kupita ku New York kudzera ku Rio de Janeiro, Belém, Trinidad ndi Havana, ndegeyo inagwiranso ntchito ku São Paulo; posakhalitsa zombozo zinadzazidwanso ndi DC-6 ndi kanyumba kopanikizika. FAMA idagwira ntchito pansi pa dzina lake mpaka 1950, maukonde ake, kuphatikiza mizinda yomwe yatchulidwa kale, idaphatikizanso Lisbon ndi Santiago de Chile.
Kampani yachiwiri yomwe idapangidwa ngati gawo la zosintha pamsika wamayendedwe aku Argentina inali Aviación del Litoral Fluvial Argentino (ALFA), yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pa Meyi 8, 1946. Kuyambira mu Januwale 1947, mzerewu udayamba kugwira ntchito kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa dzikoli pakati pa Buenos Aires, Posadas, Iguazu, Colonia ndi Montevideo, moyendetsedwa ndi asitikali a LADE. Kampaniyo idayendetsanso ndege za positi, zomwe mpaka pano zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kampani ya asitikali aku Argentina - Servicio Aeropostales del Estado (SADE) - gawo la LADE yomwe tatchulayi. Mzerewu udayimitsidwa mu 1949, gawo lomaliza la ntchito yake pamapu anjira ndi Buenos Aires, Parana, Reconquista, Resistence, Formosa, Monte Caseros, Corrientes, Iguazu, Concordia (onse kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa dzikolo) ndi Asuncion ( Paraguay) ndi Montevideo (Uruguay). Zombo za ALFA zikuphatikizapo, pakati pa ena, Macchi C.94s, asanu ndi limodzi Short S.25s, awiri Beech C-18S, asanu ndi awiri Noorduyn Norseman VIs ndi awiri DC-3s.
