Kuyimitsidwa kwagalimoto kosinthika

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mfundo ya ntchito ya adaptive kuyimitsidwa kwa galimoto, ubwino ndi kuipa, komanso chipangizo. Zitsanzo zazikulu zamakina omwe makinawo ndi mtengo wokonzanso amapezeka akuwonetsedwa. Pamapeto pa nkhaniyi, ndemanga ya kanema ya mfundo yoyendetsera kuyimitsidwa kosinthika Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mfundo yoyendetsera kuyimitsidwa kwagalimoto, zabwino ndi zoyipa, komanso chipangizocho. Zitsanzo zazikulu zamakina omwe makinawo ndi mtengo wokonzanso amapezeka akuwonetsedwa. Pamapeto pa nkhaniyi pali ndemanga ya kanema ya mfundo yoyendetsera kuyimitsidwa kosinthika.

Kuyimitsidwa kwa galimoto kumaonedwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa chitonthozo komanso kusuntha. Monga lamulo, izi ndizophatikiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana, mfundo ndi zinthu, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Izi zisanachitike, takambirana kale MacPherson struts, multi-link ndi torsion mtengo, kotero pali chinachake kuyerekeza ndi kumvetsa mmene chitonthozo ndi bwino kapena zoipa, mtengo wotsika mtengo kapena kukonza, komanso mmene adaptive kuyimitsidwa ndi mfundo ya. ntchito zakhazikika.

Kodi adaptive suspension ndi chiyani

Kuchokera dzina lokha, kuti kuyimitsidwa ndi chosinthika, zikuonekeratu kuti dongosolo akhoza basi kapena pa bolodi malamulo kompyuta kusintha makhalidwe ena, magawo ndi agwirizane ndi zofunika dalaivala kapena pamwamba msewu. Kwa opanga ena, makinawa amatchedwanso semi-active.

Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha makina onsewa ndi kuchuluka kwa zotsekemera zotsekemera (liwiro la kugwedezeka kwamphamvu komanso kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa zowopsa m'thupi). Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa makina osinthika kwadziwika kuyambira zaka za m'ma 50 zazaka za zana la 20. Kenako opanga anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito hydropneumatic struts m'malo dampers chikhalidwe ndi akasupe. Maziko ake anali ma hydraulic cylinders ndi hydraulic accumulators mu mawonekedwe a mabwalo. Mfundo ya ntchito inali yophweka, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa madzimadzi, magawo a m'munsi ndi chisisi cha galimoto anasintha.

Galimoto yoyamba yomwe hydropneumatic strut idapezeka inali Citroen, yomwe idatulutsidwa mu 1954.

Pambuyo pake, makina a DS adagwiritsidwanso ntchito, ndipo kuyambira zaka za m'ma 90, kuyimitsidwa kwa Hydraactive kunachitika, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikusintha ndi akatswiri mpaka lero. Powonjezera makina owongolera amagetsi ndi odziyimira pawokha, makinawo amatha kusinthidwa kuti agwirizane ndi msewu kapena kalembedwe ka dalaivala. Choncho, n'zoonekeratu kuti gawo lalikulu la makina osinthika omwe alipo panopa ndi magetsi ndi ma hydropneumatic racks omwe angasinthe makhalidwe pogwiritsa ntchito masensa osiyanasiyana ndi kusanthula makompyuta pa bolodi.

Kuyimitsidwa kosinthika kwagalimoto kumachita bwanji

Kutengera wopanga, kuyimitsidwa ndi zigawo zitha kusintha, koma palinso zinthu zomwe zizikhala zoyenera pazosankha zonse. Kawirikawiri, seti iyi imaphatikizapo:

• magetsi olamulira;
• zoyikapo zogwira (zosintha zamagalimoto zosinthika);
• anti-roll mipiringidzo yokhala ndi ntchito yosinthika;
• mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masensa (kuvuta kwa msewu, mpukutu wa thupi, chilolezo, ndi zina).

Chilichonse mwazinthu zomwe zatchulidwazi chili ndi udindo waukulu pakugwira ntchito kwa adaptive automation system. Mtima wa makinawo ndi magetsi oyendetsa kuyimitsidwa kwa galimoto, ndiye amene ali ndi udindo wosankha njira ndi kukhazikitsa njira zaumwini. Monga lamulo, imasanthula zambiri zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku masensa osiyanasiyana, kapena kulandira lamulo kuchokera kugawo lamanja (chosankha choyendetsedwa ndi dalaivala). Kutengera mtundu wa chizindikiro chomwe chalandilidwa, kusintha kowuma kudzakhala kodziwikiratu (ngati kusonkhanitsa zambiri kuchokera ku masensa) kapena kukakamizidwa (ndi dalaivala).

Chofunikira cha bar ya stabilizer yosinthika pakompyuta ndi yofanana ndi kapamwamba kotsutsana ndi mpukutu, kusiyana kokha ndikutha kusintha kuchuluka kwa kukhazikika kutengera lamulo lochokera kugawo lowongolera. Nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito panthawi yoyendetsa galimoto, potero kuchepetsa thupi. Chigawo chowongolera chimatha kuwerengera ma siginecha mu ma milliseconds, omwe amakupatsani mwayi woyankha nthawi yomweyo mabubu amsewu ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana.

Masensa amagetsi osinthira magalimoto nthawi zambiri amakhala zida zapadera zomwe cholinga chake ndikuyesa ndikusonkhanitsa zidziwitso ndikuzisamutsira kugawo lapakati. Mwachitsanzo, sensa yothamangitsira galimoto imasonkhanitsa deta pamtundu wa magalimoto okwera mtengo, ndipo panthawi ya gudumu la thupi limagwira ntchito ndikutumiza chidziwitso ku unit control.

Sensa yachiwiri ndi sensa yamsewu, imakhudzidwa ndi mabampu ndikutumiza chidziwitso cha kugwedezeka koyima kwa thupi lagalimoto. Ambiri amamuona kuti ndiye wamkulu, chifukwa ali ndi udindo wokonzanso ma racks. Chofunika kwambiri ndi sensa ya malo a thupi, imayang'anira malo opingasa ndipo panthawi yoyendetsa imatumiza deta pamalingaliro a thupi (pamene mukuthamanga kapena kuthamanga). Nthawi zambiri muzochitika izi, thupi lagalimoto limatsamira kutsogolo panthawi ya braking molimba kapena kumbuyo panthawi yothamanga kwambiri.

Monga momwe zikuwonekera, zosinthika zosinthika kuyimitsidwa struts

Tsatanetsatane womaliza wa ma adaptive system ndi ma racks osinthika (yogwira). Zinthuzi zimachitapo kanthu mwachangu pamsewu, komanso kalembedwe kagalimoto. Mwa kusintha kuthamanga kwa madzi mkati, kuuma kwa kuyimitsidwa kwathunthu kumasinthanso. Akatswiri amasiyanitsa mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya mphezi yogwira ntchito: yokhala ndi maginito amadzimadzi amadzimadzi komanso yokhala ndi valavu yamagetsi.

Mtundu woyamba wa zoyikapo zogwira umadzazidwa ndi madzi apadera. Kukhuthala kwamadzimadzi kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mphamvu yamagetsi amagetsi. Kukaniza kwakukulu kwamadzimadzi kuti adutse valavu, tsinde la galimoto lidzakhala lolimba. Ma struts oterowo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu magalimoto a Cadillac ndi Chevrolet (MagneRide) kapena Audi (Magnetic Ride). Malingana ndi lamulo lochokera ku control unit, gawolo limasintha, ndipo kukhwima kwa ma racks kumasintha molingana. Izi zimagwirira angapezeke mu kuyimitsidwa kwa Volkswagen (DCC), Mercedes-Benz (ADS), Toyota (AVS), Opel (CDS) ndi BMW (EDC) magalimoto.

Momwe kuyimitsidwa kwagalimoto kumagwirira ntchito

Ndi chinthu chimodzi kumvetsetsa zoyambira za kuyimitsidwa kosinthika, komanso chinanso kumvetsetsa momwe zimagwirira ntchito. Kupatula apo, ndiye mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito yomwe ipereka lingaliro la kuthekera ndi milandu yogwiritsira ntchito. Poyamba, ganizirani za njira yoyendetsera kuyimitsidwa, pamene makompyuta a pa bolodi ndi gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi ali ndi udindo pa msinkhu wa kuuma ndi zoikamo. Zikatero, dongosolo limasonkhanitsa zidziwitso zonse kuchokera ku chilolezo, mathamangitsidwe ndi masensa ena, kenako amasamutsa chilichonse ku gawo lowongolera.

Vidiyoyi ikuwonetsa mfundo yoyendetsera kuyimitsidwa kwa Volkswagen adaptive

Wotsirizirayo amasanthula zambiri ndikupeza malingaliro okhudza momwe msewu ulili, kayendetsedwe ka dalaivala ndi makhalidwe ena a galimotoyo. Malinga ndi ziganizo, chipikacho chimatumiza malamulo kuti chiwongolere kuuma kwa ma struts, kuwongolera anti-roll bar, komanso zinthu zina zomwe zimathandizira chitonthozo m'chipindacho ndikulumikizidwa ndi magwiridwe antchito agalimoto. Ziyenera kumveka kuti zinthu zonse ndi tsatanetsatane zimagwirizana ndikugwira ntchito osati kulandira malamulo okha, komanso kuyankha ku udindo, malamulo othetsedwa, ndi kufunikira kokonza mfundo zina. Zikuwonekeratu kuti dongosololi, kuwonjezera pa kutumiza malamulo okonzekera, limaphunziranso (kusintha) ku zofunikira za dalaivala kapena kusagwirizana kwa msewu.

Mosiyana ndi kuwongolera zodziwikiratu kuyimitsidwa kosinthika kwa makina, kuwongolera pamanja kumasiyana ndi mfundo ya ntchito. Akatswiri amasiyanitsa njira ziwiri zazikulu: choyamba, pamene kuuma kumayikidwa ndi dalaivala mokakamiza mwa kukonza zoyikapo (pogwiritsa ntchito olamulira pa galimoto). Njira yachiwiri ndi semi-manual kapena semi-automatic, popeza poyamba ma modes amalumikizidwa ndi chipika chapadera, ndipo dalaivala amangosankha njira yoyendetsera galimoto. Choncho, magetsi oyimitsidwa osinthika amatumiza malamulo kumakina kuti akhazikitse kuuma kwa makinawo. Nthawi yomweyo, chidziwitso chochokera ku masensa chimawerengedwa pang'ono, nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha magawo omwe alipo kuti maziko azikhala omasuka momwe angathere pamikhalidwe ina yamisewu. Pakati pamitundu yodziwika bwino ndi: zachilendo, zamasewera, zomasuka. -kuyenda pamsewu.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa adaptive galimoto kuyimitsidwa

Ziribe kanthu momwe makinawo amapangidwira bwino, nthawi zonse padzakhala mbali zabwino ndi zoipa (kuphatikiza ndi kuchotsera). Kuyimitsidwa adaptive wa galimoto ndi chimodzimodzi, ngakhale kuti akatswiri ambiri amangolankhula za ubwino wa makina.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa adaptive galimoto kuyimitsidwa
ubwino	Zolakwika
Kuthamanga kwabwino kwambiri	Mtengo wapamwamba wopangira
Kusamalira bwino galimoto (ngakhale pamsewu woyipa)	Kukwera mtengo kwa kuyimitsidwa kukonza ndi kukonza
Kuthekera kusintha malo aulere agalimoto	Kupanga zovuta
Kusintha kumayendedwe amsewu	Zovuta kukonza
Kusankha njira yoyendetsera	Kusintha kwa awiriawiri a hydropneumoelements pa ma axles
Moyo wautali wautumiki wa hydropneumoelements (pafupifupi 25 km)	-

Tikuwona kuti vuto lalikulu la zosinthika m'munsi mwa galimoto ndi kukwera mtengo kwa kukonza, kukonza ndi kupanga. Kuwonjezera apo, mapangidwewo si ophweka kwambiri. Kulephera kwa imodzi mwa masensa kumakhudza nthawi yomweyo kusavuta komanso kukwanira kwa makinawo. Kuphatikizika kwakukulu ndi zamagetsi, zomwe zimachita pang'onopang'ono, motero zimapanga zinthu zabwino zogwirira ntchito bwino za galimoto.

Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kuyimitsidwa kosinthika

Poyerekeza ndi chosinthira kuyimitsidwa chipangizo tafotokozazi ndi ena, monga Mipikisano kugwirizana kapena MacPherson struts, kusiyana kungaoneke ngakhale popanda luso lapadera m'munda wa mapangidwe galimoto. Mwachitsanzo, pamene MacPherson ali omasuka, okwera galimoto amakumana ndi mphambano ya msewu wabwino ndi zoipa. Kusamalira kuyimitsidwa kotere pamsewu woyipa kumatayika ndipo sikuli bwino nthawi zonse pakuyendetsa galimoto.

Ponena za kusinthasintha, dalaivala, kwenikweni, sangamvetse pamene galimotoyo inalowa mumsewu molakwika. Dongosololi limasintha ndi liwiro la mphezi, limasintha machitidwe owongolera komanso kuuma kwa ma racks. Masensa amakhala okhudzidwa kwambiri, ndipo ma racks amayankha mofulumira ku malamulo ochokera kumagetsi olamulira.

Malingana ndi kamangidwe kameneka, kuwonjezera pazitsulo zinazake, dongosololi limasiyanitsidwa ndi masensa ambiri, mapangidwe a magawo omwewo, komanso maonekedwe a bulky omwe ndi osavuta kuzindikira poyang'ana chiwongolero cha galimoto. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti kuyimitsidwa kwa galimoto yoteroyo kumasinthasintha, ndipo sikumveka kunena za mapangidwe kapena kusiyana kulikonse. Akatswiri opanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana amaganizira zofooka, kuchepetsa mtengo wa magawo okwera mtengo, kuwonjezera moyo wautumiki ndikukulitsa luso. Ngati tilankhula za kufanana ndi kuyimitsidwa kwina kodziwika, ndiye kuti njira yosinthira ndiyoyenera kwambiri pamapangidwe amitundu yambiri kapena maulalo awiri.

Magalimoto omwe ali ndi kuyimitsidwa kosinthika

Kupeza galimoto yokhala ndi kuyimitsidwa kosinthika ndikosavuta lero kuposa momwe zinalili zaka 10 zapitazo. Titha kunena kuti magalimoto ambiri apamwamba kapena ma SUV ali ndi makina ofanana. Kumene, izi ndi kuphatikiza kwa mtengo wa galimoto, komanso kuphatikiza chitonthozo ndi akuchitira. Zina mwa zitsanzo zodziwika kwambiri:

• Toyota Land Cruiser Prado
• Audi K7;
• BMVH5;
• Mercedes-Benz GL-Maphunziro;
• Volkswagen Tuareg;
• Vauxhall Movano;
• BMW 3 mndandanda;
• Lexus GX460;
• Volkswagen Caravelle.

Mwachibadwa, uwu ndi mndandanda wocheperako wa magalimoto omwe angapezeke mumsewu mumzinda uliwonse. Chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake abwino otonthoza komanso luso lotha kusintha pamsewu, maziko osinthika akukhala otchuka kwambiri.

Chiwembu cha chipangizo cha adaptive kuyimitsidwa kwa galimoto

 

1. Front axle sensor;
2. Sensa ya mulingo wa thupi (kutsogolo kumanzere);
3. Sensa yothamangitsira thupi (kutsogolo kumanzere);
4. Wolandira 2;
5. Sensa ya msinkhu, kumbuyo;
6. Kumbuyo nkhwangwa shock absorber;
7. Thupi mathamangitsidwe sensa, kumbuyo;
8. Wolandira 1;
9. Control unit kwa chosinthira kuyimitsidwa;
10. Chilolezo ulamuliro batani mu thunthu la galimoto;
11. Chipinda chothandizira mpweya chokhala ndi valve block;
12. Thupi mathamangitsidwe sensa, kutsogolo kumanja;
13. Sensa yakutsogolo yakumanja.

Zosankha zazikulu zowonongeka ndi mtengo wa magawo oyimitsidwa

Mofanana ndi makina aliwonse, kuyimitsidwa koteroko kumalephera pakapita nthawi, makamaka chifukwa cha kusamala kwa ntchito yake. Zimakhala zovuta kuneneratu chomwe chidzalephereke pamakina oterowo, malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, zoyikapo, mitundu yonse ya zinthu zolumikizira (hoses, zolumikizira ndi ma bushings a mphira), komanso masensa omwe ali ndi udindo wosonkhanitsa zambiri, amatha msanga.

Kulephera kwapadera kwa makina osinthika a makina kungakhale zolakwika zosiyanasiyana za sensa. Mu kanyumba mumamva kusapeza bwino, kunjenjemera, komanso tokhala mumsewu wonse. Kuwonongeka kwina kwapadera kungakhale chilolezo chochepa cha galimoto, chomwe sichimayendetsedwa. Nthawi zambiri, izi ndi kulephera kwa mafelemu, masilindala kapena zotengera zosinthika zosinthika. Galimotoyo nthawi zonse imakhala yochepa, ndipo sipadzakhalanso zokamba za chitonthozo ndi kusamalira konse.

Kutengera kuwonongeka kwa kuyimitsidwa kosinthika kwagalimoto, mtengo wa zida zosinthira kukonzanso udzakhalanso wosiyana. Choyipa chachikulu ndikuti kukonza makina otere ndikofunikira mwachangu, ndipo ngati kuwonekera kwalakwika, kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa posachedwa. M'matembenuzidwe apamwamba komanso ofala kwambiri, kulephera kwa zosokoneza kapena mbali zina kumakupatsani mwayi woyendetsa kwa nthawi yayitali popanda kukonza. Kuti timvetse mmene kukonza ndalama, taganizirani mitengo mbali zikuluzikulu za 7 Audi Q2012.

Mtengo wa zida zosinthira kuyimitsidwa mbali Audi Q7 2012
dzina	Mtengo kuchokera, pakani.
Front shock absorbers	16990
Zodzikongoletsera zam'mbuyo	17000
kukwera kutalika kwa sensor	8029
Valve yothamanga kwambiri	1888 ga

Mitengo si yotsika kwambiri, ngakhale mbali zina zimanenedwa kuti zikhoza kukonzedwa. Kotero, musanayambe kugula gawo latsopano ndipo ngati mukufuna kusunga ndalama, yang'anani pa intaneti ngati mungathe kubwezera "kumenyana". Malinga ndi ziwerengero ndikuganizira za misewu, ma adaptive shock absorbers ndi masensa nthawi zambiri amalephera. Zosokoneza mantha chifukwa cha mitundu yonse ya zowonongeka ndi zotsatira, zowunikira nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha machitidwe opangira matope ndi ma jerks pafupipafupi, pamsewu woipa.

Malinga ndi maziko amakono osinthika agalimoto, titha kunena kuti, mbali imodzi, iyi ndi chisankho chabwino chotonthoza komanso kuyendetsa galimoto. Kumbali inayi, chisangalalo chokwera mtengo kwambiri chomwe chimafuna kusamalidwa komanso kukonza nthawi yake. Maziko oterowo amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'magalimoto okwera mtengo komanso apamwamba, pomwe chitonthozo ndi chofunikira kwambiri. Malingana ndi madalaivala ambiri, makinawa ndi abwino kwa maulendo apamsewu, maulendo ataliatali kapena pamene bata mkati mwa galimoto yanu ndilofunika kwambiri.

Ndemanga ya kanema ya mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kosinthika: