ABS, ESP, TDI, DSG ndi ena - tanthauzo lachidule galimoto
Dziwani zomwe zili kumbuyo kwachidule cha magalimoto otchuka monga ABS, ESP, TDI, DSG ndi ASR.
Dalaivala wamba amatha kuchita chizungulire chifukwa cha mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponena za machitidwe osiyanasiyana agalimoto. Komanso, magalimoto amakono ali odzaza ndi machitidwe amagetsi, omwe mayina awo nthawi zambiri samapangidwa m'ndandanda wamitengo. Ndikoyeneranso kudziwa zomwe galimoto yogwiritsidwa ntchito imakhala ndi zida kapena tanthauzo lachidule cha injini.
Onaninso: ESP, control cruise control, parking sensors - ndi zida ziti zomwe zili pagalimoto?
Pansipa timapereka mafotokozedwe ofunikira a mawu achidule ofunikira komanso otchuka.
4 - MATIK - magudumu anayi okhazikika m'magalimoto a Mercedes. Iwo angapezeke mu magalimoto ndi kufala basi.
4 - KUYAMBIRA - magudumu anayi. Volkswagen amagwiritsa ntchito.
4WD - magalimoto anayi.
8V, 16V - chiwerengero ndi dongosolo la mavavu pa injini. Chigawo cha 8V chili ndi ma valve awiri pa silinda, i.e. injini ya silinda inayi ili ndi mavavu asanu ndi atatu. Komano, pa 16V, pali mavavu anayi pa silinda, kotero pali mavavu 16 mu injini zinayi yamphamvu.
A / C. - air conditioner.
AD - dongosolo lamagetsi kuti likhalebe ndi liwiro la galimoto nthawi zonse.
AB (airbag) - thumba la mpweya. M'magalimoto atsopano, timapeza osachepera awiri kutsogolo airbags: dalaivala ndi okwera. Magalimoto akale angakhale nawo kapena alibe. Ndi mbali ya machitidwe achitetezo okhazikika ndipo amapangidwa kuti azitha kuyamwa mbali za chida (makamaka mutu) pazambiri zagalimoto pangozi. Chiwerengero cha magalimoto ndi zida Mabaibulo ikukula, kuphatikizapo airbags mbali, nsalu zotchinga airbag kapena bondo airbag - kuteteza mawondo dalaivala.
ABC
- yogwira kuyimitsidwa kusintha. Cholinga chake ndikuwongolera mwachangu mpukutu wa thupi. Zimagwira ntchito bwino poyendetsa mofulumira m'makona kapena pamene galimotoyo ili ndi chizolowezi chodumphira.
US - Loko losiyana lokha.
ABS - Anti-lock braking system. Ndi mbali ya dongosolo braking. Izi zimalola, mwachitsanzo, kuwongolera kwakukulu kwagalimoto / kagwiridwe kake pambuyo potsitsa ma brake pedal.
ACC - Kuwongolera mwachangu liwiro ndi mtunda wagalimoto yomwe ili kutsogolo. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti musinthe liwiro loyenera kuti musunge mtunda wotetezeka. Ngati ndi kotheka, dongosolo akhoza ananyema galimoto. Dzina lina la chip ichi ndi ICC.
AFS – chosinthira kutsogolo dongosolo kuwala. Imawongolera mtengo woviikidwa, kuwongolera mtengo wake malinga ndi momwe msewu ulili.
AFL - Njira yowunikira pamakona kudzera pamagetsi akutsogolo.
ALR - kutseka basi lamba wapampando tensioner.
ASR - traction control system. Udindo woletsa kutsetsereka kwa magudumu panthawi yothamanga, i.e. kupota. Magudumu akangodziwika, liwiro lake limachepa. Mwachizoloŵezi, mwachitsanzo, pamene galimotoyo ili ndi mchenga, nthawi zina dongosolo liyenera kuzimitsidwa kuti mawilo azitha kuzungulira. Mayina ena a chipangizochi ndi DCS kapena TCS.
AT - Kufala kwadzidzidzi.
Onaninso: Ntchito ya Gearbox - momwe mungapewere kukonza zodula
anatsalira
- Electronic brake booster. Imagwira ntchito ndi ABS. Imakulitsa mphamvu ya ma braking system panthawi yolimba mwadzidzidzi. Mwachitsanzo, Ford ali ndi dzina lina - EVA, ndi Skoda - MVA.
CDI - Injini ya dizilo ya Mercedes yokhala ndi jekeseni wamba wa dizilo wamba.
CDTI - injini ya dizilo yokhala ndi jakisoni wamafuta mwachindunji. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto a Opel.
CR/njanji wamba - mtundu wa jakisoni wamafuta mu injini za dizilo. Ubwino wa njira iyi ndi monga kuyendetsa bwino kwa injini, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mafuta, phokoso lochepa komanso poyizoni pang'ono mu mpweya wotulutsa mpweya.
CRD - injini za dizilo zokhala ndi jekeseni wamba wanjanji. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzinthu zotsatirazi: Jeep, Chrysler, Dodge.
IDRC
- injini za dizilo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto a Kia ndi Hyundai.
Onaninso: Ma brake system - nthawi yoti musinthe mapepala, ma disc ndi madzimadzi - kalozera
D4 - Injini zamafuta zamtundu wa Toyota zokhala ndi jekeseni mwachindunji.
D4D - Ma injini a dizilo a Toyota four-cylinder okhala ndi jekeseni mwachindunji.
D5 - Injini ya dizilo ya Volvo yokhala ndi jakisoni wamafuta mwachindunji.
DCI - Ma injini a dizilo a Renault okhala ndi jekeseni wamafuta mwachindunji.
KODI - Ma injini a dizilo a Mitsubishi okhala ndi jekeseni wamafuta mwachindunji.
DPF kapena FAP - particulate fyuluta. Imayikidwa m'makina amagetsi amakono a dizilo. Amatsuka mipweya yotulutsa mwaye. Kuyambitsidwa kwa zosefera za DPF kwathetsa kutulutsa utsi wakuda, womwe umakhala ngati magalimoto akale okhala ndi injini za dizilo. Komabe, madalaivala ambiri amapeza chinthu ichi kukhala vuto lalikulu pakuyeretsa.
DoHC - camshaft iwiri pamutu wa unit mphamvu. Mmodzi wa iwo ali ndi udindo woyang'anira ma valve olowera, winayo ndi ma valve otulutsa mpweya.
DSG - gearbox anayambitsa Volkswagen. Gearbox iyi ili ndi ma giya awiri, imodzi ya magiya osasintha komanso ina ya magiya osamvetseka. Pali njira yodziwikiratu komanso njira yotsatizana yamanja. Bokosi la gear pano limagwira ntchito mwachangu kwambiri - zosintha zamagiya zimakhala nthawi yomweyo.
DTI - injini ya dizilo, yodziwika ndi magalimoto a Opel.
EBD - Kugawa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi (mawilo akutsogolo, kumbuyo, kumanja ndi kumanzere).
EBS - Electronic braking system.
EDS - loko yamagetsi yosiyana.
EFI - jakisoni wamafuta amagetsi pama injini amafuta.
ESP / ESC - kukhazikika kwamagetsi panjira yagalimoto (kumalepheretsanso kutsetsereka kwa mbali ndikulepheretsa kuwongolera). Masensa akazindikira kuti galimoto ikuthamanga, mwachitsanzo ikalowa pakona, makinawo amaboola mawilo (imodzi kapena kuposerapo) kuti galimotoyo ibwererenso. Kutengera wopanga magalimoto, mawu osiyanasiyana amtunduwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito: VSA, VDK, DSC, DSA.
Onaninso: defroster kapena ice scraper? Njira zoyeretsera mazenera ku chipale chofewa
FSI - Kusankhidwa kwa injini zamafuta okhala ndi jakisoni wamafuta mwachindunji. Iwo anapangidwa ndi Volkswagen.
FWD - umu ndi momwe magalimoto okhala ndi magudumu akutsogolo amalembedwa.
GDI - Injini yamafuta ya Mitsubishi yokhala ndi jakisoni wamafuta mwachindunji. Lili ndi mphamvu zambiri, mafuta osagwiritsa ntchito mafuta pang'ono komanso mpweya wochepa wa zinthu zovulaza mumlengalenga poyerekeza ndi injini wamba.
GT ndiye Gran Turismo. Mitundu yotere yamasewera, yamphamvu yamagalimoto opanga akufotokozedwa.
Hba - Wothandizira ma hydraulic brake for emergency braking.
Zithunzi za HDC - Dongosolo lowongolera mapiri. Imaletsa liwiro ku liwiro lokhazikitsidwa.
HDI
- Makina opatsa mphamvu kwambiri a injini ya dizilo yokhala ndi jakisoni wamafuta mwachindunji. Magawo oyendetsa amatchulidwanso kuti awa. Kutchulidwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Peugeot ndi Citroen.
wokhala ndi phiri - ndilo dzina la wothandizira phiri. Tikhoza kuyimitsa galimoto paphiri ndipo simatsika. Palibe chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito handbrake. Pomwe tikuyenda, dongosolo limasiya kugwira ntchito.
HPI - Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa petulo jekeseni mwachindunji ndikuzindikiritsa injini zamafuta momwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira yothetsera vutoli imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Peugeot ndi Citroen.
Onaninso: Turbo m'galimoto - mphamvu zambiri, koma zovuta zambiri. Wotsogolera
IDE - Ma injini amafuta a Renault okhala ndi jakisoni wamafuta mwachindunji.
isofix - Dongosolo lophatikizira mipando ya ana pamipando yamagalimoto.
jt kuwonjezera - Injini za dizilo za Fiat, zomwe zimapezekanso ku Lancia ndi Alfa Romeo. Iwo ali mwachindunji wamba njanji mafuta jakisoni.
JTS - Awa ndi ma injini amafuta a Fiat okhala ndi jakisoni wamafuta mwachindunji.
KM - mphamvu pamahatchi: mwachitsanzo, 105 hp
km / h - liwiro la makilomita pa ola: mwachitsanzo, 120 km/h.
LED
- kuwala emitting diode. Ma LED amakhala ndi moyo wautali kwambiri kuposa kuyatsa kwanthawi zonse pamagalimoto. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri mu ma taillights ndi ma module othamanga masana.
LSD - Kudzitsekera kosiyana.
nyale - Injini zokhala ndi jekeseni wambiri.
IAS - anti-skid system yomwe imathandizira ASR. Zimalepheretsa mawilo kuti azizungulira pamene dalaivala athyoka ndi injini.
MT - Kutumiza pamanja.
MZR - Banja la injini yamafuta a Mazda.
Chithunzi cha MZR-CD - Injini ya Mazda wamba yojambulira njanji yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mumitundu yamakono.
RWD Izi ndi magalimoto akumbuyo.
Mtengo wa SAHR - Saab yogwira ntchito yoletsa mutu. Pakachitika zotsatira zakumbuyo, izi zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha kuvulala kwa whiplash.
Mtengo wa SBC - Electronic brake control system. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Mercedes. Zimaphatikiza machitidwe ena omwe amakhudza mabuleki agalimoto, monga BAS, EBD kapena ABS, ESP (pang'ono).
SDI - injini ya dizilo yolakalaka mwachilengedwe yokhala ndi jakisoni wamafuta mwachindunji. Magawo awa ndi ofanana ndi magalimoto a Volkswagen.
Mtengo wa SOHC - Umu ndi momwe injini zokhala ndi camshaft imodzi yapamwamba zimalembedwera.
SRS - chitetezo chokhazikika, kuphatikiza zopangira lamba wampando wokhala ndi ma airbags.
Kd4/Kd5 - Dizilo Land Rover.
TDKI - Ma injini a dizilo a Ford okhala ndi jakisoni wamba wamba wanjanji.
TDDI - Ford turbocharged dizilo yokhala ndi intercooler.
TDI - turbodiesel ndi jekeseni mwachindunji mafuta. Dzinali limagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto a gulu la Volkswagen.
TDS ndi mtundu wamphamvu kwambiri wa injini ya dizilo ya TD yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi BMW. Kulemba TD kapena D koyambirira kunagwiritsidwa ntchito pagulu lonse la magalimoto, mosasamala kanthu za wopanga. Magalimoto a TDS adayikidwanso, mwachitsanzo, mu Opel Omega. Lingaliro la ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri ndiloti Opel idawonongeka kwambiri ndikuyambitsa mavuto ambiri.
Onaninso: Kusintha kwa injini - posaka mphamvu - kalozera
TSI - Dzinali limatanthawuza injini zamafuta okhala ndi ma supercharging apawiri. Ichi ndi yankho kukula Volkswagen kuti kumawonjezera linanena bungwe mphamvu ya powertrain popanda kuchititsa kuchuluka mafuta poyerekeza ndi injini ochiritsira.
TFSI - injini izi ndi supercharged mafuta injini - anaika pa Audi magalimoto - iwo amasiyanitsidwa ndi mphamvu mkulu ndi otsika mafuta.
TiD - turbodiesel, atasonkhanitsidwa ku Sabah.
TTiD - chida cholipiritsa ziwiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Saab.
V6 - Injini yooneka ngati V yokhala ndi masilinda 6.
V8 - Chigawo chooneka ngati V chokhala ndi masilinda asanu ndi atatu.
Chithunzi cha VTEC
- kuwongolera ma valve amagetsi, njira yosinthira ma valve. Ntchito mu Honda.
Mtengo wa VTG - turbocharger yokhala ndi turbine geometry yosinthika. Izi ndi zofunika kuthetsa otchedwa turbo lag.
VVT-I - ndondomeko yosinthira nthawi ya valve. Amapezeka ku Toyota.
Zatec - Ma injini amafuta a Ford okhala ndi ma valve anayi pa silinda imodzi. Mutu uli ndi ma camshaft awiri.
Malingaliro - Radosław Jaskulski, mlangizi woyendetsa zachitetezo ku Auto Skoda School:
Zowonadi, umisiri wamagalimoto ukupita patsogolo kwambiri kotero kuti tsopano tikupeza umisiri watsopano komanso wapamwamba kwambiri wamagalimoto kuposa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena chaka chapitacho. Pankhani yachitetezo chogwira ntchito, ena mwa iwo amafunikira chidwi chapadera ndipo ndiyenera kuyang'ana ngati ali mmenemo pogula galimoto yatsopano kapena yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa amathandizadi.
Pachimake, ndithudi, ABS. Galimoto yopanda ABS ili ngati kuyendetsa ngolo. Nthawi zambiri ndimawona anthu omwe akufuna kugula galimoto yakale, "N'chifukwa chiyani ndikufunikira ABS?" Pali zoziziritsira mpweya, ndizokwanira. Yankho langa ndi lalifupi. Ngati muyika chitonthozo pachitetezo, ndiye kuti ichi ndi chodabwitsa kwambiri, chosankha chopanda nzeru. Ndikufuna kutsindika kuti ndi bwino kudziwa zomwe ABS ili m'galimoto. Mibadwo yakale ya dongosololi inali yogwira ntchito, inkagwira ntchito, koma inkalamulira ma axles a galimoto. Pakutsika, galimotoyo italumpha, kumbuyo kukhoza kuyamba kuthawa kwambiri. M'mibadwo yatsopano, njira yogawa mphamvu ya brake yawonekera pamawilo amodzi. Yangwiro yothetsera.
Mabuleki othandizira ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pama braking system. Komabe, ndi bwino kuyang'ana pamalo otetezeka momwe zimagwirira ntchito mumtundu wina. Mwazonse, imayatsidwa nthawi yomweyo mukanikizira chopondaponda mwamphamvu, koma ntchito monga ma alarm nthawi zonse sizimatsegulidwa nthawi imodzi. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti ngati, galimoto isanayime, woyendetsa galimoto amachotsa phazi lake pa gasi ngakhale kwa kamphindi, chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, chiwopsezo chadutsa, dongosololo lidzazimitsa.
Tikufika ku ESP. Izi kwenikweni ndi mgodi wa machitidwe chifukwa ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha ntchito. Ngakhale ndimatsatira nkhani ndikuyesera kuti ndikhale ndi nthawi, sindikumbukira zonse. Mulimonsemo, ESP ndi yankho labwino kwambiri. Imasunga galimoto kuti ikhale yokhazikika pamsewu, imayatsa - ngakhale kumbuyo kukayamba kupitilira kutsogolo kwagalimoto - nthawi yomweyo. Machitidwe amakono a ESP amalepheretsa mawilo onse kutsika mofulumira mumsewu wovuta kwambiri. ESP ili ndi ubwino umodzi wopambana pa dalaivala aliyense: nthawi zonse imachita mofanana ndi gawo loyamba la sekondi imodzi, osati kuchokera pa sekondi imodzi pamene nthawi yowonongeka yatha.
Zolemba ndi chithunzi: Piotr Walchak
