ABS zaka 25
Ngakhale kuti magalimoto oyambirira anali ochedwa kwambiri kuposa masiku ano, chimene chinachitika n’chakuti m’malo moyima, galimotoyo inkayenda ndi mawilo okhoma.
Mavuto ndi zokhoma mawilo pamene mabuleki pafupifupi akale monga magalimoto. Ngakhale kuti magalimoto oyambirira anali ochedwa kwambiri kuposa masiku ano, chimene chinachitika n’chakuti m’malo moyima, galimotoyo inkayenda ndi mawilo okhoma.
|
Kuyesa machitidwe a ABS oyamba - kumanzere panjira yogwira bwino, choterera kumanzere. |
Poyesera kupewa izi, okonza akhala akusokoneza ubongo wawo kuyambira kuchiyambi kwa zaka za m'ma 1936. Chida choyamba cha "anti-lock brake" Bosch adafunsira patent kalelo mu 40. Komabe, machitidwewa sanapangidwe kwazaka zopitilira XNUMX. Komabe, machitidwe otsatirawa anali ndi zovuta zambiri, anali ochedwa kwambiri komanso okwera mtengo kwambiri popanga anthu ambiri.
Mu 1964, Bosch adayamba kuyesa kachitidwe ka ABS. Zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake, zotsatira zoyamba zinakwaniritsidwa. Magalimotowo anali ndi mtunda waufupi wa braking, kuyendetsa bwino komanso kukhazikika pamakona. Zomwe zidapezeka panthawiyo zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga dongosolo la ABS1, zomwe zidagwiritsidwabe ntchito masiku ano. ABS-1 anayamba kugwira ntchito zake mu 1970, koma zinali zovuta kwambiri - munali 1000 zinthu analogi. Kuonjezera apo, kulimba kwawo ndi kudalirika kwawo kunalibe kokwanira kuti aike dongosololo popanga. Kukhazikitsidwa kwaukadaulo wa digito kwachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu mpaka 140. Komabe, ngakhale m'machitidwe amakono pali zinthu zomwe zinali mu ABS 1.
|
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 70 - ABS imabwera ku Mercedes. |
Chotsatira chake, m'badwo wachiwiri wa ABS, pambuyo pa zaka 14 za kafukufuku, unakhala wothandiza komanso wotetezeka kuti upangidwe. Komabe, chinali chisankho chokwera mtengo. Pamene idayambitsidwa mu 1978, idaperekedwa kwa ma limousine apamwamba - choyamba Mercedes S-Class ndiyeno BMW 7 Series. mu 8, chiwerengero cha machitidwe ABS opangidwa kuposa 1999 miliyoni mayunitsi. Pazaka 50 zapitazi, mtengo wa kupanga ABS mibadwo yotsatira watsika kwambiri moti lero dongosolo lino amapereka ngakhale magalimoto ang'onoang'ono mtengo. ABS pakadali pano ili ndi 25 peresenti. ogulitsidwa ku Western Europe. Magalimoto onse ayenera kukhala nawo kuyambira pakati pa 90.
Akatswiri amayesetsa nthawi zonse kuti achepetse dongosolo, kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha zigawo (zomwe zidzawonjezera kudalirika) ndi kuchepetsa kulemera.
Ntchito ndi mphamvu za dongosololi zikupangidwanso, zomwe tsopano zimalola kugawa kwamagetsi kwa mphamvu ya brake pakati pa ma axles.
|
Pochita braking pakona, galimoto yopanda ABS imathamanga mwachangu. |
ABS inakhalanso maziko opangira machitidwe monga ASR, omwe adayambitsidwa mu 1987, kuti ateteze kutsetsereka panthawi yothamanga ndi ESP electronic traction control system. Njira yothetsera vutoli, yomwe inayambitsidwa ndi Bosch mu 1995, imapangitsa kuti pakhale bata, osati pongoyendetsa ndi kuthamanga, komanso nthawi zina, monga kuyendetsa ma curve pa malo oterera. Iwo sangakhoze kokha m'mbuyo mawilo munthu, komanso amachepetsa injini mphamvu pamene pali chiopsezo skidding.
Momwe ABS imagwirira ntchito
Gudumu lililonse limakhala ndi masensa omwe amawonetsa kuopsa kwa kutsekeka kwa magudumu. Pankhaniyi, dongosololi limachepetsa kupanikizika mu mzere wa brake kupita ku gudumu lotsekereza. Ikayambanso kusinthasintha bwino, mphamvu imabwerera mwakale ndipo mabuleki amayambanso kuswa gudumu. Ma algorithm omwewo amabwerezedwa nthawi iliyonse gudumu likatsekeka pomwe dalaivala wamanga mabuleki. Kuzungulira konseko kumathamanga kwambiri, motero kumveka kwa pulsation, ngati kuti pali zikwapu zazifupi m'magudumu.
Iye samachita zozizwitsa
Pamsewu woterera, galimoto yokhala ndi ABS imayima kale kuposa galimoto yopanda dongosolo, yomwe "imatha" mbali ya mtunda wa braking pa mawilo okhoma. Komabe, panjira yogwira bwino, galimoto yokhala ndi ABS imayima motalikirapo kuposa galimoto yomwe imakanda matayala a mawilo okhoma, ndikusiya njira ya rabara yakuda kumbuyo. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito kumalo otayirira monga mchenga kapena miyala.
