Zaka 50 za ma helikopita a Gazelle
Gulu Lankhondo Laku Britain la Air Corps ndi gulu loyamba lankhondo la Mphepo. Kuposa makope a 200 anagwiritsidwa ntchito monga maphunziro, mauthenga ndi ma helikoputala ozindikira; adzakhalabe muutumiki mpaka pakati pa zaka khumi zachitatu za zaka za zana la makumi awiri ndi chimodzi. Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Milos Rusecki
Chaka chatha, chikondwerero cha 60 cha kuwuluka kwa helikopita ya Gazelle chinakondwerera. Chakumapeto kwa XNUMXs mpaka zaka khumi zikubwerazi, inali imodzi mwazojambula zamakono kwambiri, ngakhale za avant-garde m'kalasi mwake. Mayankho aukadaulo aukadaulo amakhazikitsa njira zamapangidwe kwazaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi. Masiku ano wakhala m'malo mwa mitundu yatsopano ya ma helikopita, koma akadali okopa maso ndipo ali ndi mafani ambiri.
Chapakati pa 60s, nkhawa yaku France ya Sud Aviation inali kale kupanga ma helikopita. Mu 1965, ntchito inayamba kumeneko pa wolowa m'malo wa SA.318 Alouette II. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, asilikali amaika patsogolo zofunikira za helikopita yowunikira komanso yolumikizirana. Ntchito yatsopanoyi, yomwe idalandira dzina loyambirira la X-300, idayenera kukhala chifukwa cha mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi, makamaka ndi UK, omwe gulu lawo lankhondo linali ndi chidwi chogula ma helicopter a gululi. Ntchitoyi inkayang'aniridwa ndi mlengi wamkulu wa kampani René Muyet. Poyambirira, imayenera kukhala helikopita yokhala ndi mipando 4 yokhala ndi kulemera kosaposa 1200 kg. Pamapeto pake, chipindacho chinawonjezeka kukhala mipando isanu, mwinamwake ndi mwayi wonyamula ovulala pa machira, ndipo unyinji wa helikopita wokonzekera kuthawa unawonjezeka kufika pa 1800 kg. Injini yamphamvu kwambiri kuposa yomwe idakonzedweratu yopangira nyumba Turbomeca Astazou idasankhidwa ngati galimoto. Mu June 1964, kampani ya ku Germany ya Bölkow (MBB) inatumizidwa kuti ipange rotor yaikulu ya avant-garde yokhala ndi mutu wolimba ndi masamba osakanikirana. Ajeremani akonzekera kale rotor yotere ya helikopita yawo yatsopano ya Bö-105. Mutu wamtundu wokhazikika unali wosavuta kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo magalasi osinthika a laminated anali amphamvu kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi rotor yayikulu yaku Germany yokhala ndi masamba anayi, mtundu wa Chifalansa, wofupikitsidwa MIR, uyenera kukhala wazitsulo zitatu. Rotor ya prototype idayesedwa pa fakitale ya SA.3180-02 Alouette II, yomwe idawuluka koyamba pa Januware 24, 1966.
Yankho lachiwiri losinthira linali m'malo mwa rotor yachikale yokhala ndi mafani ambiri otchedwa Fenestron (kuchokera ku French fenêtre - zenera). Zinkaganiziridwa kuti zimakupiza zimakhala zogwira mtima komanso zosakoka pang'ono, kuchepetsa kupanikizika kwa makina pamchira wa mchira, komanso kuchepetsa phokoso la phokoso. Kuphatikiza apo, idayenera kukhala yotetezeka pogwira ntchito - osakhudzidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwamakina komanso kuwopseza anthu omwe ali pafupi ndi helikopita. Zinkaganiziridwanso kuti pothawa pa liwiro la cruising, zimakupiza sizingayendetsedwe, ndipo torque yaikulu ya rotor idzakhala yoyenera ndi stabilizer yokhazikika. Komabe, zinapezeka kuti chitukuko cha Fenestron chinali pang'onopang'ono kuposa ntchito pa airframe palokha. Choncho, chitsanzo choyamba cha helikopita yatsopano, yosankhidwa SA.340, inalandira kwakanthawi kozungulira kozungulira kokhala ndi michira itatu kochokera ku Alouette III.
Kubadwa kovuta
Chitsanzo chokhala ndi nambala ya 001 ndi nambala yolembetsa F-WOFH idakwera ndege yoyamba pa Marignane Airport pa Epulo 7, 1967. Ogwira ntchitowa anali woyendetsa ndege wotchuka Jean Boulet ndi injiniya André Ganivet. Chitsanzocho chinali ndi injini ya 2 kW (441 hp) Astazou IIN600. Mu June chaka chomwecho, adapanga kuwonekera kwake ku International Air Show ku Le Bourget. Chiwonetsero chachiwiri chokha (002, F-ZWRA) chinalandira fenestron vertical stabilizer ndi T-shaped horizontal stabilizer ndipo inayesedwa pa April 12, 1968. . Kuthetsa zilema zimenezi kunatenga pafupifupi chaka chonse chamawa. Zinapezeka kuti Fenestron iyenera, komabe, kugwira ntchito m'magawo onse othawa, kugawa mpweya umayenda mozungulira mchira. Posakhalitsa, chiwonetsero chomangidwanso No. 001, kale ndi Fenestron, ndi kulembetsa kwa F-ZWRF kunasintha kachiwiri, adalowa nawo pulogalamu yoyesera. Poganizira zotsatira za mayeso a ma helikopita onse, chokhazikika chokhazikika chinakonzedwanso ndipo mchira wopingasa unasamutsidwa ku mchira wa mchira, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kupititsa patsogolo bata. Komabe, mutu wokhotakhota wokhazikika, womwe uyenera kusinthidwa ndi ma blade anayi, umakonda kugwedezeka kwambiri mumtundu wamitundu itatu. Pamene opitilira 210 Km / h pa mayeso kwa liwiro pazipita, wozungulira anaima. Zinali chifukwa cha zomwe zinamuchitikira kuti woyendetsa ndegeyo anapewa ngoziyo. Kuyesera kunapangidwa kuti akonze izi mwa kuonjezera kuuma kwa masamba, zomwe, komabe, sizinasinthe. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1969, chigamulocho chinapangidwa kuti chibwerere mmbuyo mwa kusintha mutu wa rotor wotchulidwa ndi mapangidwe okhwima ndi ma hinges opingasa ndi axial komanso opanda ma hinges oima. Rotor yayikulu yowongoleredwa idayikidwa pamtundu woyamba wokwezedwa 001, komanso pamtundu woyamba wopanga SA.341 No. 01 (F-ZWRH). Zinapezeka kuti mutu watsopano, wocheperako wa avant-garde, kuphatikiza ndi masamba osinthika osinthika, sizinangowonjezera kwambiri mawonekedwe oyendetsa ndi kuyendetsa helikopita, komanso kuchepetsa kugwedezeka kwa helikopita. Choyamba, chiopsezo cha kupanikizana kwa rotor chimachepetsedwa.
Panthawiyi, nkhani ya mgwirizano wa Franco-British pamakampani oyendetsa ndege inathetsedwa. Pa April 2, 1968, Sud Aviation inasaina pangano ndi kampani ya ku Britain ya Westland pakupanga pamodzi ndi kupanga mitundu itatu yatsopano ya helikopita. Helikoputala yapakatikati yoyendetsa ndege idayenera kuyikidwa pakupanga kwanthawi yayitali ya SA.330 Puma, helikopita yamagulu ankhondo apamadzi komanso anti-tank helikopita ya asitikali ankhondo - British Lynx, ndi helikopita yopepuka yamitundu yambiri - mtundu wa serial. ya polojekiti yachi French SA.340, yomwe dzina lake linasankhidwa pa zilankhulo za mayiko awiriwa. Ndalama zopangira zidayenera kulipidwa ndi onse awiri patheka.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zitsanzo zamagalimoto opangira zida zinapangidwa muzosiyana za SA.341. Helicopters No. 02 (F-ZWRL) ndi No. 04 (F-ZWRK) adatsalira ku France. Nayenso, nambala 03, yomwe poyamba inalembedwa ngati F-ZWRI, inatengedwa mu August 1969 kupita ku UK, komwe idakhala ngati chitsanzo cha mtundu wa Gazelle AH Mk.1 wa British Army ku Westland fakitale ku Yeovil. Idapatsidwa nambala ya XW 276 ndipo idawuluka koyamba ku England pa Epulo 28, 1970.
