Zaka 40 za ntchito ya helikopita ya Black Hawk

UH-60L yokhala ndi ma 105mm howwitzers imachotsedwa pamasewera olimbitsa thupi ku Fort Drum, New York pa Julayi 18, 2012. US Army

October 31, 1978 Sikorsky UH-60A Black Hawk helicopters analowa ntchito ndi US Army. Kwa zaka 40, ma helikopita awa akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mayendedwe apakatikati, kuthamangitsidwa kwachipatala, kusaka ndi kupulumutsa komanso nsanja yapadera mu asitikali aku US. Ndi kukonzanso kwina, Black Hawk iyenera kukhalabe muutumiki mpaka osachepera 2050.

Pakadali pano, pafupifupi 4 amagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lapansi. H-60 ​​ma helikoputala. Pafupifupi 1200 mwa iwo ndi Black Hawks mu mtundu waposachedwa wa H-60M. Wogwiritsa ntchito wamkulu wa Black Hawk ndi US Army, yomwe ili ndi makope pafupifupi 2150 muzosintha zosiyanasiyana. M'gulu lankhondo la US, ma helikopita a Black Hawk ayenda kale kuposa maola 10 miliyoni.

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 60, asitikali aku US adapanga zofunikira zoyambira helikopita yatsopano kuti ilowe m'malo mwa UH-1 Iroquois. Pulogalamu yotchedwa UTTAS (Utility Tactical Transport Aircraft System) inayambika, i.e. "multipurpose tactical air transport system". Pa nthawi yomweyo asilikali anayambitsa pulogalamu kulenga turboshaft injini yatsopano, chifukwa cha mphamvu zatsopano banja General Electric T700. Mu Januwale 1972, Asitikali adafunsira fomu ya UTTAS. Mafotokozedwe, opangidwa pamaziko a zomwe zinachitikira nkhondo ya Vietnam, ankaganiza kuti helikopita yatsopano iyenera kukhala yodalirika kwambiri, yosagwirizana ndi moto wa zida zazing'ono, zosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo. Amayenera kukhala ndi injini ziwiri, ma hydraulic awiri, magetsi ndi owongolera, makina opangira mafuta omwe amatha kukana moto wa zida zazing'ono komanso kugunda pansi panthawi yadzidzidzi, kufalitsa komwe kumatha kugwira ntchito theka la ola pambuyo pakutha kwa mafuta, kanyumba kamene kamatha kupirira kutsika mwadzidzidzi, mipando yokhala ndi zida za ogwira ntchito ndi okwera, chassis yamawilo yokhala ndi zotsekemera zamafuta komanso ma rotor opanda phokoso komanso amphamvu.

Helikoputala imayenera kukhala ndi anthu anayi komanso nyumba yonyamula anthu khumi ndi imodzi yokhala ndi zida zokwanira. Makhalidwe a helikopita yatsopanoyi adaphatikizapo: kuthamanga kwapaulendo min. 272 km/h, kukwera molunjika min. 137 m / min, kuthekera koyenda pamtunda wa 1220 m pa kutentha kwa mpweya wa + 35 ° C, ndipo nthawi yothawirako ndi katundu wathunthu iyenera kukhala maola 2,3. Chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri pa pulogalamu ya UTTAS chinali kuthekera kokweza helikopita pa C-141 Starlifter kapena C-5 Galaxy yonyamula ndege popanda kusokoneza zovuta. Izi zinatsimikizira kukula kwa helikopita (makamaka kutalika kwake) ndikukakamiza kugwiritsa ntchito chozungulira chachikulu, mchira ndi zida zotsetsereka ndi kuthekera kwa kupanikizana (kutsitsa).

Olemba awiri adatenga nawo gawo pa ma tender: Sikorsky ndi prototype YUH-60A (model S-70) ndi Boeing-Vertol ndi YUH-61A (model 179). Pempho la asilikali, prototypes onse ntchito injini General Electric T700-GE-700 ndi mphamvu pazipita 1622 HP. (1216 kW). Sikorsky anamanga ma prototypes anayi a YUH-60A, yoyamba yomwe inawuluka pa October 17, 1974. Mu March 1976, atatu a YUH-60A anaperekedwa kwa asilikali, ndipo Sikorsky anagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chachinayi pa mayesero ake.

Pa Disembala 23, 1976, Sikorsky adalengezedwa kuti ndi wopambana pulogalamu ya UTTAS, kulandira mgwirizano kuti ayambe kupanga pang'ono UH-60A. Helikopita yatsopano posakhalitsa idatchedwa Black Hawk. UH-60A yoyamba idaperekedwa kwa asitikali pa Okutobala 31, 1978. Mu June 1979, ma helikoputala a UH-60A adagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 101st Combat Aviation Brigade (BAB) ya 101st Airborne Division of the Airborne Forces.

Pamasinthidwe okwera (mipando 3-4-4), UH-60A imatha kunyamula asitikali 11 okhala ndi zida zonse. Posamutsira ukhondo, atachotsa mipando isanu ndi itatu, adanyamula machira anayi. Pakugunda kwakunja, amatha kunyamula katundu wolemera mpaka 3600 kg. UH-60A imodzi imatha kunyamula mbedza ya 102-mm M105 yolemera makilogalamu 1496 pa mbedza yakunja, ndipo mu cockpit gulu lonse la anthu anayi ndi zipolopolo za 30. Mazenera am'mbali amasinthidwa kuti akhazikitse mfuti ziwiri za 144-mm M-60D pama mounts onse a M7,62. M144 imathanso kukhala ndi mfuti zamakina za M7,62D/H ndi M240 Minigun 134mm. Awiri 15-mamilimita mfuti mfuti GAU-16 / A, GAU-18A kapena GAU-12,7A akhoza kuikidwa pansi pa kanyumba zoyendera pa mizati wapadera, umalimbana mbali ndi kuwombera poyera Mumakonda hatch.

UH-60A ili ndi mawayilesi a VHF-FM, UHF-FM ndi VHF-AM/FM komanso ma Alien Identification System (IFF). Njira zazikulu zodzitetezera zinali zotulutsa ma cartridge a M130 otenthetsera komanso odana ndi radar omwe amayikidwa mbali zonse za mchira. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 80s ndi 90s, ma helikoputala adalandira AN / APR-39 (V) 1 radar chenjezo ndi AN / ALQ-144 (V) yogwira ntchito ya infrared jamming station.

Ma helikopita a UH-60A Black Hawk adapangidwa mu 1978-1989. Panthawi imeneyo, asilikali a US adalandira pafupifupi 980 UH-60As. Pakali pano pali pafupifupi ma helikoputala a 380 okha mumtunduwu. M'zaka zaposachedwa, injini zonse za UH-60A zalandira injini za T700-GE-701D, zomwezo zomwe zimayikidwa pa helikopita ya UH-60M. Komabe, magiya sanasinthidwe ndipo UH-60A sapindula ndi mphamvu yochulukirapo yopangidwa ndi injini zatsopano. Mu 2005, dongosolo lokweza ma UH-60As otsala kukhala M muyezo adasiyidwa ndipo lingaliro lidapangidwa kuti apeze ma UH-60M atsopano.