4-stroke injini

4-kumenya waltz

Kodi ntchito?

Kupatulapo zikwapu ziwiri zosawerengeka, sitiroko anayi ndi pafupifupi mtundu wokha wa injini womwe umapezeka pa mawilo athu awiri lero. Tiyeni tiwone momwe zimagwirira ntchito komanso zigawo zake.

Injini ya valve idabadwa m'ma 1960 ... m'zaka za zana la 19 (1862 malinga ndi ntchito za patent). Opanga awiri akadakhala ndi lingaliro lomwelo pafupifupi nthawi imodzi, koma pamlingo wapadziko lonse lapansi Otto waku Germany amamenya Mfalansa Beau de Roche. Mwina chifukwa cha dzina lake lodziwikiratu. Tiwapatse mangawa awo chifukwa ngakhale lero masewera omwe timakonda akuyenera kuwanyadira!

Monga kuzungulira kwa 2-stroke, kuzungulira kwa 4-stroke kutha kutheka ndi injini yoyaka moto, yomwe imatchedwa "petulo", kapena kuponderezana, komwe kumadziwika kuti dizilo (inde, pali dizilo ya 2-stroke). makina a dizilo!). Mapeto a bulaketi.

Chilengedwe chovuta kwambiri ...

Mfundo yofunikira nthawi zonse imakhala yofanana, kuyamwa mu mpweya (oxidizer) yomwe imasakanikirana ndi mafuta (mafuta) kuti awotche ndipo motero amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zomwe zimatulutsidwa kuti ziyendetse galimoto. Komabe, apa, mosiyana ndi masitepe awiri. Timapeza nthawi yochita zonse bwino. M'malo mwake, kupangidwa kwa camshaft (AAC) ndikwanzeru kwambiri. Ndi iye amene amalamulira kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa ma valve, mitundu ya "kudzaza ndi kukhetsa ma valve a injini." Chinyengo ndikutembenuza AAC 2 nthawi pang'onopang'ono kuposa crankshaft. M'malo mwake, AAC imafuna nsanja ziwiri za crankshaft kuti zitheke kutsegulira ndi kutseka mavavu. Komabe, ma AAC, ma valve, ndi njira zawo zowongolera zimapanga chisokonezo, kotero kulemera ndi kupanga ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri. Ndipo popeza timangogwiritsa ntchito kuwotcha kamodzi pa nsanja ziwiri zilizonse, pa liwiro lomwelo timatulutsa mphamvu zochepa komanso mphamvu zochepa kuposa zikwapu ziwiri ...

chithunzi thumbnail 4-sitiroko kuzungulira

Kulandira

Ndi kutsika kwa pisitoni komwe kumayambitsa vacuum ndipo chifukwa chake kuyamwa kwamafuta osakanikirana ndi mpweya mu injini. Pistoni ikatsika, ndipo ngakhale kale pang'ono, valavu yolowetsa imatsegulidwa kuti ibweretse kusakaniza mu silinda. Pistoni ikafika pansi, valavu imatseka kuti chisakanizocho chisatulutsidwe, ndikukweza pisitoni. Pambuyo pake, poyang'ana kugawa, tiwona kuti apa, ifenso, tidzadikira pang'ono tisanatseke valve ...

Kupanikizika

Tsopano kuti silinda yadzaza, zonse zimatsekedwa ndipo pisitoni imawuka, potero imakanikiza kusakaniza. Amachikankhiranso ku spark plug, yoyikidwa mwanzeru mchipinda choyaka moto. Kuchepa kwa mafupa ndi kuwonjezereka kwa mphamvu kumawonjezera kutentha, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kuyaka. Posakhalitsa pisitoni isanafike pamwamba (malo osalowerera ndale, kapena PMH), pulagi ya spark imayatsidwa kale kuti iyambe kuyaka. Zoonadi, uli ngati moto, suchoka nthawi yomweyo, uyenera kufalikira.

Kuwotcha/Kupumula

Tsopano ikuwotha! Kuthamanga, komwe kumakwera kufika pa 90 bar (kapena 90 kg/cm2), kumakankhira pisitoni mwamphamvu kubwerera kumalo otsika osalowerera ndale (PMB), kupangitsa crankshaft kutembenuka. Ma valve onse amatsekedwa nthawi zonse kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu zonse chifukwa chakuti iyi ndi nthawi yokhayo yomwe mphamvu imabwezeretsedwa.

Utsi

Pistoni ikamaliza kugunda pansi, mphamvu yosungidwa ndi crankshaft idzabwezeretsanso ku PMH. Apa ndi pamene ma valve otulutsa mpweya amatsegulidwa kuti atulutse mpweya wa flue. Chifukwa chake, injini yopanda kanthu ndi yokonzeka kuyamwa kusakaniza mwatsopano kuti muyambenso kuzungulira. Zinatengera matembenuzidwe 2 a injini kuti igwire kuzungulira kokwanira kwa sitiroko 4 ndipo nthawi iliyonse pafupifupi kuzungulira 1⁄2 pachigawo chilichonse cha kuzungulira.

Bokosi lofananitsa

Zovuta kwambiri, zolemera, zokwera mtengo, komanso zopanda mphamvu kuposa 2-stroke, 4-stroke imapindula ndi kuchita bwino kwambiri. kudziletsa, zomwe ndi 4 nthawi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwabwino kwa magawo osiyanasiyana a kuzungulira. Chifukwa chake, pakusamuka kofanana ndi liwiro, sitiroko 4 ndiyabwino osati yamphamvu kawiri ngati sitiroko 2. M'malo mwake, kufanana kwakusamuka komwe kumatanthauziridwa mu njinga ya GP, 500 two-stroke / 990cc-stroke inayi, inali yabwino kwa izo. Kenako, mu gawo la 3cc… Tidawaletsa kawiri kuti asabwerenso… mumasewera nthawi ino! Komabe, kusewera ngakhale, zikwapu zinayi ziyenera kuzungulira mwachangu kuposa masilindala okhala ndi mabowo. Mwachitsanzo, izo sizingakhoze kuchita popanda mavuto ndi phokoso. Chifukwa chake kuyambitsidwa kwa ma mufflers awiri pa injini za TT valve.