Maola 24 a Le Mans. Zowona ndi Mbiri ya Mpikisano Waukulu Kwambiri Wopirira Magalimoto

Pampikisano wamagalimoto opirira, chochitika chachikulu ndi Maola 24 a Le Mans. Mpikisano wozungulira padziko lonse lapansi umachitika chaka chilichonse mu June ku Circuit de la Sarthe ku Le Mans, France.

Mpikisanowu umadziwika chifukwa chothamanga kwambiri, kutentha kwambiri, nyengo yosinthika komanso kukhala imodzi mwazovuta kwambiri zamagalimoto, madalaivala ndi magulu. Ngakhale magulu amphamvu komanso odziwa zambiri amatha kuvutika ndi zokhumudwitsa komanso zokhumudwitsa, koma kukhala pamwamba pa nsanja ndi nyambo yamphamvu yomwe imabweretsa magalimoto abwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, oyendetsa bwino komanso magulu abwino kwambiri chaka ndi chaka.

Nazi mfundo 20 zosangalatsa komanso nkhani zokhudzana ndi mpikisano wothamanga kwambiri wamagalimoto omwe sanachitikepo.

Mpikisano woyamba

Mpikisano woyamba wa Maola 24 a Le Mans unachitika pa Meyi 26, 1923. Opanga magalimoto 33 osiyanasiyana adalowa mumpikisanowu, pamagalimoto makumi atatu ndi asanu ndi awiri. Onse kupatulapo Bentley mmodzi wochokera ku UK ndi ma Excelsior awiri ochokera ku Belgium anali ochokera ku France. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti magalimoto XNUMX anamaliza mpikisano wonse.

Dera lenilenilo linali ndi misewu ya anthu onse yodutsa m’chigawo cha Sarthe ku France. Msewu wa 10.72 miles unali wosakhazikika ndipo umayenda kuchokera kunja kwa Le Mans kupita kumudzi wa Mulsanne. Wopambana woyamba anali banja lachifalansa André Lagache ndi René Léonard mu Chenard-Walcker Type U3 15CV Sport, kumaliza maulendo 128.

Next UP dziwani kuti ndi dalaivala ati yemwe wapambana kwambiri Maola 25 a Le Mans.

Ambiri amapambana ndi driver

Tom Christensen, woyendetsa mpikisano wobadwira ku Denmark, amadziwika kuti ndi woyendetsa bwino kwambiri pa 24 Hours of Le Mans. Anapambana mpikisanowu maulendo asanu ndi anayi pakati pa 1997 ndi 2013, zomwe zinamupatsa dzina loti "Bambo Le Mans". Zisanu ndi ziwiri mwa zipambanozi zinali pamtundu wa Audi, wina pamtundu wa Bentley, ndi wina pamtundu wa Porsche-powered WSC-95.

Amadziwika kuti ndi dalaivala wamkulu wa Le Mans nthawi zonse, Christensen adapambananso 12 Hours of Sebring kasanu ndi kamodzi. Ngakhale adapuma pantchito mu 2019, amathamangabe mpesa pa Goodwood Revival.

Kenako fufuzani kuti ndi timu iti yomwe yapambana nthawi zambiri.

Matimu ambiri amapambana

Joest Racing ndi gulu lapamwamba lothamanga. Bungweli lidakhazikitsidwa mu 1978 ndi Reinhold Jost, yemwe kale anali dalaivala wa fakitale ya Porsche, ndipo ndi gulu lomwe lachita bwino kwambiri kuthamangitsana ku Le Mans, ndikupambana maulendo khumi ndi atatu pamagalimoto amtundu wa Porsche ndi Audi.

Kupambana kwawo koyamba kwa Le Mans kunabwera mu 1984 ndi Porsche 956 ndipo kupambana kwawo komaliza kunabwera ndi Audi R2014 Prototype mu '18. Tom Christensen, dalaivala wochita bwino kwambiri wa Le Mans, adapambana koyamba mu Maola 24 ndi chiwonetsero cha Joest Racing WSC-95 mu 1997.

Nanga bwanji opambana ambiri opanga?

Ambiri amapambana ndi wopanga

Porsche ndiye wopanga bwino kwambiri kuthamangira ku Le Mans. Kuyambira 1951, 818 Porsches adapikisana mu Maola 24. Apambana maulendo 19, amaliza pa podium maulendo 54 ndipo apambana pafupifupi 80. Pali zifukwa zosinthira dzina la mpikisano kukhala "Maola 24 a Porsche".

Magalimoto a Porsche ndi opikisana kwambiri moti mu 1971, magalimoto 33 mwa 49 omwe anayambitsa mpikisanowo anali Porsche. Porsche ilinso ndi mbiri yopambana motsatizana ndi 7 kuyambira 1981 mpaka 1987.

Mpikisanowu ulinso ndi mbiri yachilendo yopambana ndikuyamba mpikisano...

Kuyenerera kosazolowereka ndi mpikisano woyambira

Mpaka 1963, Maola 24 a Le Mans anali ndi mawonekedwe oyenerera omwe sanawonekere mumtundu wina uliwonse. Magalimotowo anafola pagulu loyambira motengera kukula kwa injini, kuyambira yayikulu mpaka yaying'ono. Mu 1963, malamulo adasinthidwa kukhala ziyeneretso zambiri zachikhalidwe, pomwe nthawi yagalimoto yagalimoto idatsimikizira malo ake oyambira.

Kuyambira ku Le Mans, pomwe madalaivala adathamangira pamagalimoto awo, chinali chiyambi chamwambo. Mawonekedwewa adachokera mu 1923 mpaka 1969 ndipo potsiriza anasintha mu 1970 kotero kuti madalaivala amangiriridwa m'magalimoto pamakona abwino kupita ku njanji asanasinthenso mu 1971 kukhala mawonekedwe abwino, kutsogolo.

Dikirani mpaka mutapeza kuti mpikisano wautali kwambiri wadutsa patali bwanji.

Mtunda wakutali kwambiri wa mpikisano

Mu 2010, Audi R15+ TDI idakhazikitsa mbiri yodabwitsa yokhala ndi mizere 397 mu maola 24. Ndi kutalika kwa mtunda wa makilomita 8.47, chitsanzo cha Audi chinadutsa makilomita 3,362 pa mpikisano uwu. Umenewu ndi makilomita oposa 900 pakati pa New York ndi Los Angeles!

Ngati muchita masamu, Audi iyenera kukhala ndi 140 mph pa lap kuti imalize maulendo 397 mu maola 24, ndipo ngati muyiyika m'misewu ya anthu, ikhoza kudutsa dziko lonse mu maola oposa 19!

Kuthamanga kwapamwamba kumakhalanso kochititsa chidwi ...

Liwiro lapamwamba kwambiri

Mu 1988, Welter Racing adawonekera ku Le Mans ndi mtundu wa Peugeot Gulu C ndi cholinga chophwanya mbiri yothamanga kwambiri pa Mulsanne Straight. Ndi injini ya 2.8-lita ya twin-turbocharged V6 yomwe imapanga mphamvu zokwana 850 pa liwiro lalikulu, komanso zida za thupi la aerodynamic ndi zotsatira za aerodynamic zomwe zimapangidwa mumtsinje wamphepo wa Peugeot, WM P88 inathamanga kutsika pa liwiro la 252 mailosi pa ola limodzi.

Galimotoyo, mwatsoka, sinamalize mpikisano chifukwa cha zovuta zaukadaulo, koma idakhazikitsa bwino mbiri ya liwiro. Mu 1990, ma chicanes awiri adawonjezedwa ku Mulsanne Straight kuti achepetse kuthamanga kwa magalimoto, kutanthauza kuti mbiri ya WM P88 sichitha kusweka.

Kutalika kwa unyolo

Kuyambira 1923, Circuit de la Sarthe, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Maola 24 a Le Mans, yakhala ndi masinthidwe 15. Zonsezi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndipo zimakhala ndi ngodya zambiri zofananira, koma zautali wosiyana.

Njira yoyambirira, yonse m'misewu ya anthu onse, inali yautali wa mailosi 10.71 ndipo inaphatikizapo Mulsanne Straight yotchuka, yomwe inali mtunda wa makilomita 3.7. Kwa zaka zambiri njanjiyi yachepetsedwa kufika pa 8.47 mailosi ndipo Mulsanne yamphamvu yathyoledwa m'magawo a 3 olekanitsidwa ndi chicanes kuti achepetse kuthamanga kwa magalimoto. Ngakhale zili choncho, akadali njanji yachiwiri yayitali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, yachiwiri pambuyo pa Nürburgring.

N'zochititsa chidwi mofanana ndi kutalika kwa maphunzirowo ndi kukula kwa omvera amene adzapezeke pa mwambowu.

Kuchuluka kwa Omvera

Chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri za Le Mans ndi chikhalidwe cha zikondwerero. Nyimbo zamoyo, chakudya chokoma, chisangalalo chosangalatsa komanso gudumu la Ferris zimawonjezera chisangalalo pampikisano. Ndi malo otchuka kwa anthu okonda kuthamanga ndipo anthu ochokera padziko lonse lapansi amabwera ku Le Mans City chaka chilichonse kudzasangalala ndi mpikisano, mlengalenga komanso chikondwerero.

Anthu 2019 adatenga nawo gawo mu 24 Hours Race mu 252,000, kupitilira kuwirikiza kawiri kupezeka kwa Super Bowl! Inde, pali anthu ambiri, koma izi si mbiri. Kusiyanitsa uku kukutanthauza anthu 1969 omwe adadzaza njanji kuti akawonere mpikisanowo.

Koma bwanji kuthamanga maola 24?

Kuthamanga kwa maola 24

Mpaka 1923, mpikisano wa Grand Prix unakhala wotchuka kwambiri ku Ulaya. Izi nthawi zambiri zinali "zothamanga" zazifupi zomwe zimayang'ana kwambiri kuyendetsa galimoto mwachangu kwambiri. Lingaliro la mpikisano wa Maola 24 a Le Mans linali kuwonetsa zovuta zatsopano kwa opanga magalimoto ndi oyendetsa. Idapangidwa kuti ilimbikitse kudalirika komanso kuchita bwino komanso kulimbikitsa opanga kupanga magalimoto amasewera omwe sangawonongeke.

Izi zapangitsa kuti pakhale zatsopano zodalirika zamagalimoto komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Kuti mupambane mpikisanowu, mumayenera kuthera nthawi yochepa m'maenje momwe mungathere, kotero kuti galimotoyo, yomwe inali yothamanga kwambiri, koma inkadya mafuta ambiri, inalibe vuto.

Komabe, kuthamanga kwa magalimotowa kunapangitsa kuti pakhale maulendo othamanga kwambiri, monga momwe mungadziwire tsopano.

Zothamanga kwambiri panjira

Mphuno yachangu kwambiri yomwe idapezekapo kudera la Le Mans ndi ya Pedro Rodriguez akuyendetsa Porsche 917 mu 1971. Nthawi yake ya 3: 13.90 mwina ingakhale yovuta kumenya chifukwa panalibe ma chicanes awiri pamsewu panthawiyo. pa Mulsanne Straight kuti muchepetse magalimoto.

Kamui Kobayashi mu Toyota TS 050 prototype anafika pafupi ndi mu 2017 pamene miyendo oyenerera anaimitsa timer pa 3:14.79. Koma mnzake ku Toyota, Mike Conway, ndiye yemwe ali ndi liwiro lothamanga kwambiri pampikisano pomwe adagwira 3:17.29 lap mu 2019.

Ngakhale shawa la champagne pa Maola 24 a Lemans ndi apadera!

Sambani ndi champagne

Kutsegula mabotolo ndikuwaza champagne ndiye muyezo wa zikondwerero zachipambano zamagalimoto. Kupopera mbewu za omwe akupikisana nawo ndi unyinji tsopano ndizofala ndipo zikuyembekezeredwa kumapeto kwa mpikisano.

Mwambowu unayamba ku Le Mans mu 1967 ndi Dan Gurney. Atapambana mpikisano mu Ford GT40 ndi mnzake AJ Foyt, Gurney adapatsidwa botolo la champagne ya Moet & Chandon. Patsogolo pake panali Henry Ford II, mwini timu Carroll Shelby, akazi awo, ndi atolankhani angapo. Gurney anatenga botololo, naligwedeza mwamphamvu ndikuthira aliyense ndi shampeni mwachisawawa chomwe chinayambitsa mwambo womwe ukupitirirabe mpaka lero.

Kodi mumadziwa kuti palibenso "okwera m'modzi" pampikisano? Pitirizani kuwerenga kuti mudziwe chifukwa chake.

Oyendetsa okha

Zikuwoneka kuti zopenga kuyesa kukwera maola 24 molunjika, komanso openga kwambiri kuyesa kuthamanga maola 24 molunjika, koma okwera ena ayesa ndipo adakwanitsa kuchita izi. Masiku ano, malamulo a Le Mans amafuna kuti kuyendetsa galimoto kuzikhala kwanthawi yayitali kumbuyo kwa gudumu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndizosatheka kumaliza mpikisano ngakhale ndi okwera awiri, ndipo magulu ambiri amakhala ndi atatu kapena anayi. Lamuloli lisanasinthe, okwera asanu adayesa kuthamanga okha, kuphatikiza Eddie Hall mu 1950. Hall adathamanga ndi Bentley wazaka 17 ndikumenya Ferraris ndi Aston-Martins onse kuti amalize 8th yonse.

Mulsanne Straight wotchuka

Palibe chomwe chimawonetsa mawonekedwe a dera la Le Mans ngati Mulsanne Straight. Pautali wa mailosi 3.7, inali imodzi mwazowongoka zazitali kwambiri mu motorsport, pomwe magalimoto amatha kuthamanga mpaka 252 mph.

Mu 1990, ma chicanes adawonjezedwa kuti azitha kuyendetsa liwiro la magalimoto ndikusangalatsa FIA. Ma chicanes awiriwa amapanga magawo atatu owongoka a njanjiyo, ndipo chifukwa chakufupikitsa, magalimoto amakono nthawi zambiri amathamanga kwambiri pafupifupi 205 mph. Kampani yamagalimoto a Bentley idatcha Mulsanne sedan yake yapamwamba pambuyo pa Le Mans molunjika.

Akazi ku Le Mans

Motorsport nthawi zambiri imawonedwa molakwika ngati "masewera a amuna". Azimayi ali ndi mbiri yakale yothamanga pa Maola 24 a Le Mans. Mu 1930, Odette Sicot anakhala mkazi woyamba kuchita nawo mpikisano wopirira ku Le Mans. Amapikisana kumeneko kuyambira 1930 mpaka 1933, kumaliza 4th yonse ndikupambana kalasi yake kamodzi.

Azimayi okwana 61 adalowa mu mpikisano waukulu wa Le Mans, kuphatikizapo Michèle Mouton, mkazi yekhayo amene adapambana World Rally Championship, ndi Lella Lombardi, mkazi yekhayo amene adathamanga mu Formula One.

Magalimoto okhala ndi injini zosakhala zachikhalidwe

Chifukwa cha mtundu wa mpikisano womwe umayang'ana kwambiri kudalirika komanso kuyendetsa bwino kwamafuta, opanga ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito Le Mans ngati malo oyesera ukadaulo wa injini zamtsogolo ndi kapangidwe kake. M'zaka zaposachedwa, magalimoto opambana onse akhala osakanizidwa, kuphatikiza injini yaying'ono yokhala ndi ma turbocharged ndi ma mota amagetsi, ndi magalimoto oyendera dizilo omwe adapambana ku Le Mans posachedwa 2014.

Imodzi mwa injini zachilendo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Le Mans zinapezeka mu Rover-BRM Turbine. Mothandizidwa ndi injini yosinthidwa ya 150 horsepower Rover gas turbine, galimoto yothamangayo idachita mpikisano modabwitsa motsutsana ndi Cobras ndi Ferraris a m'ma 1960 ndipo idapikisana nawo ku Le Mans pakati pa 1963 ndi 1965.

Ngozi yoyipa ya 1955

M'maola a 1955 a 24, imodzi mwa ngozi zoipitsitsa za mpikisano m'mbiri inachitika pa lap 35. "Jaguar" Mike Hawthorne adathamangira ku dzenje, ndikudula Austin-Healey Lance McLean. McLean adakhota kuti apewe Jaguar ndipo adamaliza ulendo wa Pierre Levegue akuyendetsa Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR. Kugundana pakati pa McLean ndi Levegh kudapangitsa Mercedes kuwulukira pa Austin pamtsinje wamatope, pomwe galimotoyo idaphulika ndikubalalitsa zinyalala munjirayo ndikupita kumalo oyimira. Chifukwa cha ngozi yoopsayi, anthu 83 anafa ndipo pafupifupi 180 anavulala. Mercedes-Benz adachotsa magalimoto onse pa mpikisano ndikupuma pantchito ya motorsport mpaka 1987.

Galimoto yokhala ndi injini yaying'ono kwambiri

1937 Gordini Simca 5, galimoto yothamanga yochokera ku Simca Cinq, ili ndi injini yaying'ono kwambiri yomwe idathamangapo ku Le Mans. Gordini Simca 570, yoyendetsedwa ndi 23 cc injini ya silinda inayi. CM ndi mphamvu ya 5 hp, idapanga liwiro lalikulu pafupifupi ma 75 mailosi pa ola limodzi. Osati ndendende momwe mungayembekezere kuchokera pagalimoto yothamanga.

Ngakhale kuti analibe mphamvu zomveka bwino zamahatchi, Amedee Gordini adagonjetsa magulu asanu pamipikisano eyiti yomwe adalowa ndi galimoto, kuphatikizapo 1937 Le Mans !! Chodabwitsa kwambiri, Gordini adayika mbiri yapadziko lonse lapansi makumi awiri ndi ziwiri ndi galimoto, kuphatikiza mbiri ya kupirira kwa maola 48.

Galimoto yokhala ndi injini yayikulu kwambiri

Chosiyana kwambiri ndi Gordini Simca 5, galimoto yothamanga ya Dodge Viper GTS-R inali ndi injini yaikulu ya 8.0-lita V10 pansi pa nyumba yayitali. Viper yamphamvu idapambana Maola 24 a Le Mans m'kalasi yake zaka zitatu zotsatizana, kuyambira 1998 mpaka 2000, zikomo mwa zina chifukwa cha injini yake yamahatchi 650.

Zoyambira za Viper ndi V10 zitha kutsatiridwa mpaka 1988. Chrysler, yemwe anali mwini wa Dodge, ankafuna kupanga mtundu wamakono wa 1960s A/C Cobra. Injini idapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi Lamborghini, yomwe inalinso ndi Chrysler, ndipo nthano idabadwa.

Werengani kuti mudziwe momwe wopambana pampikisano wodziwika bwinowu amasankhidwa.

Momwe wopambana amasankhidwa

Pampikisano wanthawi zonse wa magalimoto, wopambana ndi amene amawoloka kaye pamzere womaliza, nthawi zambiri pakadutsa maulendo angapo kapena nthawi. Mu mpikisano wopirira, zinthu zimayenda mosiyana pang'ono: galimoto yomwe imamaliza maulendo ambiri mu nthawi yoperekedwa imapambana.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati galimoto siinadutse pamzere womaliza pamene mbendera ya macheki ikuwuluka, ikhoza kupambanabe mpikisanowo ngati yamaliza mipikisano yambiri kuposa magalimoto ena. Magalimoto othamanga kwambiri sangapambane mpikisano, ndipo magalimoto odalirika omwe amathera nthawi yochepa kwambiri m'maenje nthawi zambiri amatuluka pamwamba.