Maiko 11 omwe ali ndi ziwopsezo zogwiririra kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi mu 2022
Zamkatimu
Kugwiririra ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yowopsa komanso yoyipa kwambiri yomwe ingachitikire munthu ndi munthu wina. Amadedwa ndi anthu komanso zikhalidwe zonse. Komabe kugwiriridwa kukupitirira kuchitika mochititsa mantha m’maiko onse ndi zikhalidwe. Ngakhale kuti mayiko ndi zikhalidwe zina ndi amene amachitira zoipa kwambiri, pali malipoti ochuluka ndiponso umboni wakuti ngakhale mayiko otukuka kwambiri akuvutika ndi mchitidwe waupandu umenewu, umene umawononga kwambiri ulemu wa munthu.
Vuto lina la kugwiriridwa ngati mlandu ndilokuti silinanenedwe. Akuti ndi 12 peresenti yokha kapena yocheperapo yomwe imanenedwa. Anthu amadana ndi kugwiriridwa, ndipo ogwiriridwa amakonda kukhala chete. Zinthu zafika poipa kwambiri m’mayiko achisilamu, kumene umboni wa akazi suli wofunika kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri amayi amawaimba mlandu wogwiririra. Ndiponso, dongosolo la chilungamo m’maiko oterowo ndi lofooka ndi lopanda ungwiro kotero kuti n’kovuta kulanga wogwirirayo chifukwa cha mlandu umene anapalamula. Ndi m'mayiko otukuka okha omwe amayi amayesa kufotokoza kugwiriridwa. Mwina ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe maiko otukuka kwambiri alinso pamndandanda wamayiko omwe akugwiriridwa kwambiri.
Mayiko ambiri alinso ndi matanthauzo osiyanasiyana a tanthauzo la kugwiriridwa. Komanso m’mayiko ena, kugwiririra m’banja kumaonedwa kuti ndi mlandu. Izi ndi zifukwa zochepa chabe zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana koonekeratu kwa ziwerengero zogwiriridwa m'mayiko onse. Nawu mndandanda wa mayiko 11 omwe ali pachiwopsezo chogwiriridwa kwambiri mu 2022. Kusankhidwaku kumatengera kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwiriridwa pa anthu 100,000, chomwe ndi chizindikiro chabwino, osati kuchuluka kwa milandu yogwiriridwa.
11. United States of America
Ziwerengero za kugwiriridwa ku United States ndi zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri kudziko lofunika kwambiri komanso lamphamvu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ziwerengero za anthu 100,000 30 zidapitilira 27.4 kugwiriridwa. Komabe, m’zaka zaposachedwapa chiŵerengerochi chatsika kufika pa 100,000 pofika 1997 anthu 91. Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi bungwe la US Bureau of Justice Statistics mu 9 anapeza kuti 2011% ya anthu omwe amachitiridwa kugwiriridwa ndi akazi ndipo 2008% ndi amuna. Lamulo la US limafotokoza kugwiririra ngati kulowerera mokakamizidwa ndi wolakwira. Lipoti la Bureau of Justice la 69,800 lokhudza kugwiriridwa m'ndende lidapeza kuti pafupifupi akaidi 216,600 adagwiriridwa mokakamizidwa kapena kuopsezedwa ndi mphamvu ndipo ena adachitiridwa zachipongwe m'ndende za US ndi malo osungira ana. Izi zili choncho ngakhale kuti kugwiriridwa kochuluka ku United States sikunanenedwe.
Malinga ndi kunena kwa bungwe la American Medical Association, kugwirira chigololo ndi kugwirira chigololo ndiwo maupandu achiwawa amene amanenedwa mochulukira. Palibe mgwirizano pazidziwitso, monga FBI inalemba kugwiriridwa kwa 85,593 2010 mu 1.3 ndipo Centers for Disease Control inawerengera pafupifupi 16 miliyoni zochitika. Mitundu ina ya kugwiriridwa sikutulutsidwa m'malipoti aboma. Mwachitsanzo, tanthauzo la FBI limapatula kugwiriridwa kulikonse kupatula kugwiriridwa mokakamiza kwa amayi. Kugwiriridwa kochuluka sikunafotokozedwe, ndipo 25% yokha ya kugwiriridwa ndi kugwiriridwa ndi kugonana kumakambidwa kupolisi. Kuphatikiza apo, 80,000% yokha ya kugwiriridwa konenedwa kumabweretsa kumangidwa. Pafupifupi ana a ku America amagonedwa chaka chilichonse. Koma pali milandu yambiri yomwe sinafotokozedwe.
Malinga ndi lipoti lina la Dipatimenti Yoona za Chilungamo ku United States, mu 191,670 munali anthu 2005 amene analembetsedwa kuti anagwiriridwa kapena kugwiriridwa. Malinga ndi RAINN, kuyambira 2000 mpaka 2005, 59% ya kugwiriridwa sikunanenedwe kwa apolisi. Mlingo wa ophunzira aku koleji unali 95% mu 2000. Pamasekondi 107 aliwonse, munthu mmodzi ku United States amagwiriridwa. Pafupifupi anthu 293,000 amazunzidwa chaka chilichonse. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akugwiriridwa chigololo sichidziwika kupolisi. % ya anthu ogwiririra sakhala tsiku limodzi m'ndende.
10. Belgium
Malinga ndi bungwe la UNDOC, mchaka cha 2008 chiwerengero cha anthu ogwiriridwa omwe adanenedwa kupolisi chinali 26.3 pa anthu 100,000 aliwonse. Zochitika zakhala zikuwonjezeka m'zaka zapitazi. Malipoti aposachedwa akuti chiwerengerochi chili pa milandu 27.9 yogwiririra pa anthu.
Kugwiriridwa ku Belgium kumatanthauzidwa ndi Article 375 ya Penal Code, yomwe imatanthauzira ngati kugonana kwamtundu uliwonse ndi njira iliyonse yochitira munthu amene sanapereke chilolezo. Tanthauzoli limaphatikizapo kugwiririra m’banja. Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zikanayambitsa izi. Chinthu chimodzi champhamvu ndi kuchuluka kwa Asilamu omwe ali ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana ochokera kumayiko ena omwe apatsidwa chitetezo chandale. Amawerengera kuchuluka kwa kugwiriridwa ndi anthu osawadziwa.
9. Panama
Panama ndi dziko lodziimira pawokha pa kamtunda kolumikiza Central ndi South America. Panama Canal, ntchito yodziwika bwino ya uinjiniya wa anthu, imadutsa pakati pake. Ngalandeyi imalumikiza nyanja za Atlantic ndi Pacific, ndikupanga njira yofunika yotumizira. Likulu, mzinda wa Panama, uli ndi zipinda zamakono zamakono, makasino ndi malo ochitira usiku. Panama ili ndi anthu opitilira 4 miliyoni komanso zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana. Dziko la Panama nthawi zambiri ndi lamtendere komanso lachiwembu chochepa. Komabe akuluakulu a boma akuda nkhawa kuti m’dziko muno muli zigawenga zambiri zomwe zimachitikira amayi. Pa avareji, pali kugwiriridwa kopitilira 25 pa anthu 100,000 28.3 pachaka. Ziwerengero zaposachedwa kwambiri zinali 100,000 pa munthu aliyense.
8. Saint Kitts ndi Nevis
Saint Kitts ndi Nevis ndi dziko laling'ono lopangidwa ndi zilumba ziwiri zazing'ono m'nyanja ya Caribbean. Chuma cha dziko la pachilumbachi, chomwe poyamba chinali chokhudzana ndi kupanga shuga, tsopano chimadalira kwambiri zokopa alendo. Pali kugwiriridwa 14 kapena 15 pachaka. Izi ndi ziwerengero zochepa, koma chifukwa chakuti anthu pachilumbachi ndi anthu pafupifupi 50,000 28,6, ziwerengerozo ndi 100,000 pa chiwerengero cha anthu, zomwe ndizowopsa.
7. Australia
Malamulo ogwiririra ku Australia adachokera ku malamulo a Chingelezi koma pang'onopang'ono adasintha kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20. Ku Australia, chiŵerengero cha kugwiriridwa kwa lipoti pa anthu 100,000 ndi 91.6 okwera kwambiri. Komabe, chiwerengerochi chatsika kuchokera pa 2003 mpaka 28.6 pa 2010. Komabe, akuti 15 mpaka 20 peresenti yokha ya milandu imakambidwa kupolisi. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiriridwa kosagonana komanso kugwiriridwa kumaphatikizidwanso mu tanthauzo la kugwiririra pansi pa malamulo aku Australia.
6. Grenada
Grenada ndi dziko la zilumba lomwe lili kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Nyanja ya Caribbean. Oyandikana nawo ndi maiko a Trinidad ndi Tobago, Venezuela ndi Saint Vincent. Amadziwikanso kuti Isle of Spice ndipo ndiwotumiza kunja kwambiri mtedza, mace ndi zonunkhira zina padziko lapansi.
Komabe, ngakhale kuti olakwa ogwiririra amatha kuweruzidwa kuti akhale m’ndende zaka 15, milandu yochitira akazi ndi yodetsa nkhawa. Chiwopsezo cha kugwiriridwa pa anthu 100,000 ndi 30.6 chokwera kwambiri pa 54.8, koma chatsika kuchokera pa 100,000 yapitayo kugwiriridwa pa anthu.
5. Nicaragua
Mu 2012, dziko la Nicaragua linakhazikitsa lamulo lotchedwa Integral Law Against Violence Against Women, lomwe limaletsa nkhanza zosiyanasiyana kwa akazi, kuphatikizapo nkhanza za m’banja komanso kugwiririra m’banja. Nicaragua, dziko lalikulu kwambiri ku Central America isthmus, kuli anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo Azungu, Afirika, Asiya ndi amwenye. Nicaragua imadziwika kuti ndi dziko lotetezeka kwambiri ku Central ndi Latin America komwe kupha anthu 8.7 pa anthu 100,000 aliwonse. Koma dziko lino lili pamwamba pankhani ya milandu kwa amayi.
Ku Nicaragua kuli kugwiriridwa 32 pa anthu 100,000 mu 2010. Malinga ndi lipoti la Amnesty International la 1998, kugwiriridwa kwa atsikana kuli ponseponse. Pakati pa 2008 ndi 14,377, apolisi adalemba milandu 2008 ya kugwiriridwa. Izi zili choncho ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha malipoti ndi chochepa chifukwa anthu ogwiriridwa nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi chidani komanso kusakhudzidwa ndi akuluakulu aboma. Kuyambira chaka chino, kuchotsa mimba kwakhala koletsedwa kotheratu. Izi zatsutsidwa ngati zopondereza anthu ogwiriridwa ali ndi pakati.
4. Sweden
Sweden ndi kulowa modzidzimutsa pa mndandanda. Izi ndikuwona kuti ndi limodzi mwa mayiko otukuka padziko lapansi omwe kumasulidwa kwa amayi ndi cholinga chachikulu cha chitukuko cha anthu. Komabe, kuti dzikolo lili ndi milandu pafupifupi 64 ya nkhanza zogonana pa anthu 100.000 mchaka cha 2012, zikutsutsa mfundo yakuti ndi dziko lotukuka. Izi zanenedwa m’malipoti a bungwe la United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Malingana ndi izi, mu 66 panali milandu yogwiriridwa 100,000 ku Sweden kwa anthu a 2012, malinga ndi deta yoperekedwa ndi Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention. Ichi chinali chiwerengero chokwera kwambiri chomwe chinanenedwa ku UNODC m'chaka.
Komabe, ziyenera kuzindikirika kuti mayiko ambiri sapereka ziwerengero zilizonse za kugwiriridwa ku UNODC, ndipo ena amanena kuti palibe deta yokwanira. Apolisi aku Sweden amalembetsa mlandu uliwonse wogwiriridwa pamwambo uliwonse komanso amakhala ndi tanthauzo lalikulu la kugwiriridwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kufunitsitsa kwa akazi aku Sweden kunena zakugwiriridwa paubwenzi kumafotokozanso kuchuluka kwa malipoti ogwiriridwa ku Sweden. Kuonjezera apo, kuchuluka kwaposachedwa kwa othawa kwawo ndi othawa kwawo ochokera kumayiko achisilamu omwe ali ndi amayi ochepa akhoza kukhala chifukwa cha milanduyi. Ku Sweden, mkazi mmodzi pa atatu alionse a ku Sweden amagonedwa ndi kugonana akamafika paunyamata. Mu theka loyamba la 1, azimayi opitilira 3 aku Sweden adanenanso kuti adagwiriridwa ndi Asilamu omwe adasamukira ku Stockholm, opitilira 2013 mwa iwo osakwanitsa zaka 1,000.
3. Lesotho
Kugwiriridwa ndi vuto lalikulu la anthu ku Lesotho. M’chaka cha 2008, malinga ndi bungwe la UNODC, chiwerengero cha anthu ogwiriridwa ndi apolisi chinali chokwera kwambiri kuposa dziko lililonse. Chiwerengero cha kugwiriridwa chimachokera pa 82 mpaka 88 pa 100,000 anthu. Dzikoli ndi limodzi mwa mayiko osauka kwambiri, ndipo pafupifupi theka la anthu onse ndi osauka kwambiri. Milandu yokhudzana ndi kuba, kupha anthu, kuzembetsa anthu, nkhanza, kuba, ndi zina zambiri.
2. Botswana
Pambuyo pa South Africa, Botswana ili ndi chiŵerengero chogwiriridwa kwambiri - 93 milandu pa 100,000 2.5 anthu. Kuonjezera apo, milanduyi imakhala yosafotokozedweratu, kotero kuti zochitika zenizeni zikhoza kupitirira katatu mpaka kasanu. Dzikolinso lili ndi chiŵerengero chapamwamba cha AIDS ndipo akupitiriza kufalitsa Edzi ndi machitidwe oipa otere. Anthu osaphunzira, pafupifupi ankhanza amakhulupiriranso nthano yakuti kugonana ndi namwali kungachiritse AIDS, yomwe ili choyambitsa chachikulu cha kugwiriridwa kwa ana. Ndi dziko lopanda mtunda kumwera kwa Africa, kumalire ndi South Africa, Namibia ndi Zimbabwe. Dziko losauka limeneli la anthu miliyoni imodzi ladzala ndi upandu waukulu, kuyambira kuba mpaka kuukira ndi zida pofuna ndalama.
1. South Africa
Kafukufuku wa Marichi 2012 adapeza kuti dziko la South Africa ndi limodzi mwa mayiko omwe akugwiriridwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi 65,000 127.6 malipoti ogwiriridwa ndi nkhanza zina za kugonana, izi zimakhala 100,000 kwa 2007 anthu 70,000 m'dzikoli. Nkhanza zachigololo ndizofala ku South Africa. Lamulo la Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act 500,000 limaletsa kugwiriridwa ndi kugwiriridwa. Pali milandu yambiri yomwe yanenedwa, kuphatikizapo kugwiriridwa kwa ana. Chiwerengero chochuluka cha milandu yogwiriridwa sichimanenedwa. Malinga ndi bungwe lofalitsa nkhani zothandiza anthu la IRIN, pafupifupi kugwiririra kumachitika ku South Africa chaka chilichonse. Malinga ndi kunena kwa anthu ambiri, kugwirira chigololo kuli kofala kwambiri ku South Africa kotero kuti nkhani sizimamveka konse. Ziwawa zambiri zakugonana sizikopa anthu.
Gulu la anthu azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, South Africa imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwamayiko omwe akupita patsogolo komanso otukuka. Komabe, chithunzi cha nkhanza zogonana sichichepetsedwa. Dzikoli lapeza ufulu posachedwapa ku tsankho komanso kusankhana mitundu. Poyamba, 90% ya anthu analibe ufulu wofanana. Nthano yakuti kugonana ndi namwali kumachiritsa AIDS imachirikizanso chiŵerengero chachikulu cha kugwiriridwa kwa ana.
Kugwiririra ndi mlandu woipa kwambiri kuposa milandu yonse. Chomvetsa chisoni n’chakuti n’chofala kwambiri m’madera onse. Ngakhale mayiko otukuka omwe ali ndi maphunziro apamwamba satetezedwa ku zoipa zimenezi. Kudzikakamiza kwa munthu wosazindikira n'chimodzimodzi ndi kukakamiza wina kukhala kapolo. Zipsera zamaganizo sizichira msanga, ndipo kwa achinyamata omwe amazunzidwa, zotsatira zake zimakhalapo kwa moyo wonse. Kuphatikiza pa zilango, boma ndi anthu akuyenera kuyesetsa kupewa kugwiriridwa. Izi zikhoza kutheka kupyolera mu maphunziro oyenera ndi utsogoleri wa achinyamata, kotero kuti umunthu ukhoza kuyembekezera mbadwo umene ulibe upandu wotero m’chitaganya cha anthu.
