Ukadaulo wa 10 ndi zida zamagalimoto amakono omwe adapangidwa kalekale, koma sanagwiritsidwe ntchito

Zimachitika kuti zomwe zidapangidwa sizimayambitsidwa bwino. Mwina anthu a m'nthawi imeneyo sanawayamikire, kapena anthu sanakonzekere kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwawo kofala. Pali zitsanzo zambiri zofanana mumakampani opanga magalimoto.

Zophatikiza

Mu 1900, Ferdinand Porsche adapanga galimoto yoyamba yosakanizidwa, yoyendetsa magudumu Lohner-Porsche.

Mapangidwewo anali achikale ndipo sanalandire chitukuko china panthawiyo. Pokhapokha kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 90 m'zaka za m'ma 20 pamene ma hybrids amakono adawonekera (mwachitsanzo, Toyota Prius).

Keyless chiyambi

Kiyi yoyatsira moto idapangidwa ngati njira yotetezera galimoto kwa akuba magalimoto ndipo yakhala ikugwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri. Komabe, kukhalapo kwa sitata yamagetsi, yomwe idapangidwa mu 1911, idalola opanga ena kupanga mitundu ingapo yokhala ndi makina oyambira opanda ma key (mwachitsanzo, 320 Mercedes-Benz 1938). Komabe, iwo anafalikira kokha kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX ndi XNUMX chifukwa cha maonekedwe a makiyi chip ndi transponders.

Kuyendetsa gudumu lakutsogolo

Chapakati pa zaka za m’ma 18, katswiri wina wa ku France, dzina lake Nicolas Joseph Cunyu, anamanga ngolo yoyendera nthunzi. Kuyendetsa kunkachitika pa gudumu limodzi lakutsogolo.

Apanso, lingaliro ili linakhalapo kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 mu galimoto ya abale Graf, ndiyeno mu 20s m'zaka za m'ma 20 (makamaka pa anagona magalimoto, mwachitsanzo Chingwe L29). Panalinso kuyesa kupanga magalimoto "wamba", mwachitsanzo, German subcompact DKW F1.

Kupanga kwambiri kwa magalimoto oyendetsa magudumu akutsogolo kunayamba m'zaka za m'ma 30 ku Citroen, pomwe ukadaulo wopangira ma CV otsika mtengo komanso odalirika adapangidwa, ndipo mphamvu ya injini idafika pamlingo wokwera kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa magudumu akutsogolo kwadziwika kuyambira zaka za m'ma 60.

Mabuleki a Disc

Mabuleki a disc anali ovomerezeka mu 1902, ndipo nthawi yomweyo adayesedwa kuikidwa pa Lanchester Twin Cylinder. Lingalirolo silinakhazikike mizu chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa kochuluka kwa misewu yafumbi, ma creaking ndi ma pedals olimba. Mafuta a mabuleki a nthawiyo sanapangidwe kuti azigwira ntchito kutentha kwambiri. Sizinali mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 50 pamene mabuleki a disk adafalikira.

Kutumiza kwa robotic automatic

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, chiwembu cha bokosi chokhala ndi zingwe ziwiri chinafotokozedwa m'zaka za m'ma 30 za m'ma 20 ndi Adolf Kegress. Zowona, sizikudziwika ngati kapangidwe kameneka kanapangidwa muzitsulo.

Lingaliroli lidatsitsimutsidwanso mu 80s ndi akatswiri othamanga a Porsche. Koma bokosi lawo linali lolemera komanso losadalirika. Ndipo kokha mu theka lachiwiri la 90s kupanga siriyo mabokosi amenewa anayamba.

CVT

Dera losinthira lakhala likudziwika kuyambira nthawi ya Leonardo da Vinci, ndipo kuyesa kuliyika pagalimoto kunachitika m'ma 30s azaka za zana la 20. Koma kwa nthawi yoyamba galimoto anali okonzeka ndi V-lamba siyana mu 1958. Inali galimoto yotchuka yonyamula anthu DAF 600.

Posakhalitsa zinaonekeratu kuti lamba wa rabara anatha mofulumira ndipo sankatha kufalitsa mphamvu zazikulu zokoka. Ndipo kokha mu 80s, pambuyo chitukuko cha zitsulo V-malamba ndi mafuta apadera, osintha analandira moyo wachiwiri.

Malamba apamipando

Mu 1885, patent inaperekedwa kwa malamba a m'chiuno omwe amamangiriridwa ku thupi la ndege yokhala ndi ma carabiners. Lamba wapampando wa 30-point adapangidwa m'ma 2s. Mu 1948, American Preston Thomas Tucker anakonza kuwakonzekeretsa galimoto Tucker Torpedo, koma anakwanitsa kupanga magalimoto 51 okha.

Chizoloŵezi chogwiritsira ntchito malamba a 2-point chawonetsa kuchepa kwachangu, ndipo nthawi zina - ndi zoopsa. Kusinthaku kudapangidwa ndi kupangidwa kwa malamba a mfundo zitatu wa ku Sweden Niels Bohlin. Kuyambira 3, kukhazikitsa kwawo kunali kovomerezeka kwa mitundu ina ya Volvo.

Anti-lock braking system

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, kufunikira kwa dongosolo loterolo kunakumana ndi ogwira ntchito panjanji, kenako opanga ndege. Mu 1936, Bosch patented teknoloji ya ABS yoyamba yamagalimoto. Koma kusowa kwa magetsi ofunikira sikunalole kuti lingaliro ili ligwiritsidwe ntchito. Zinali kokha ndi kubwera kwaukadaulo wa semiconductor m'zaka za m'ma 60 kuti vutoli linayamba kuthetsedwa. Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zoyamba ndi ABS zomwe zinayikidwa ndi Jensen FF 1966. Zoonadi, magalimoto 320 okha anatha kupangidwa chifukwa cha mtengo wapamwamba.

Pofika pakati pa zaka za m'ma 70s, ku Germany kunachitika dongosolo lothandiza kwambiri, ndipo linayamba kukhazikitsidwa ngati njira yowonjezera pa magalimoto akuluakulu, ndipo kuyambira 1978 - pamitundu yotsika mtengo ya Mercedes ndi BMW.

Ziwalo za thupi la pulasitiki

Ngakhale kukhalapo kwa akala, galimoto pulasitiki woyamba anali 1 Chevrolet Corvette (C1953). Inali ndi chimango chachitsulo, thupi lapulasitiki komanso mtengo wokwera kwambiri, chifukwa idapangidwa ndi manja kuchokera ku fiberglass.

Pulasitiki amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi opanga magalimoto ku East Germany. Zonse zidayamba mu 1955 ndi AWZ P70, ndipo kenako nyengo ya Traband (1957-1991). Galimotoyi inapangidwa m'mamiliyoni a makope. Zinthu zomangika za thupilo zinali pulasitiki, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti galimotoyo ikhale yokwera mtengo kuposa njinga yamoto yokhala ndi galimoto yam'mbali.

Otembenuzidwa ndi denga lamagetsi

Mu 1934, Peugeot 3 Eclipse yokhala ndi anthu atatu idawonekera pamsika - yoyamba kusinthika padziko lonse lapansi yokhala ndi makina opinda amagetsi olimba. Mapangidwewo anali amtengo wapatali komanso okwera mtengo, choncho sanalandire chitukuko chachikulu.

Lingaliro limeneli linabweranso chapakati pa zaka za m’ma 50. Ford Fairlane 500 Skyliner inali ndi makina odalirika, koma ovuta kwambiri. Chitsanzocho sichinalinso chopambana makamaka ndipo chinatha zaka 3 pamsika.

Ndipo kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 90 za zaka za m'ma 20, zomata zopindika zamagetsi zakhala zikugwira bwino ntchito pamndandanda wazosintha.

Tinangoganizira za umisiri ndi zigawo za magalimoto zomwe zinali patsogolo pa nthawi yawo. Mosakayikira, pakali pano pali zambiri zopangidwa, nthawi yomwe idzabwera m'zaka 10, 50, 100.