Opel

Contents FounderEmblemHistory of Opel cars Adam Opel AG ndi kampani yopanga magalimoto ku Germany. Likulu lili ku Rüsselsheim. Chimodzi mwazokhudzidwa ndi General Motors. Ntchito yaikulu yagona pakupanga magalimoto ndi minivans. Mbiri ya Opel imabwerera m'mbuyo pafupifupi zaka mazana awiri, pamene woyambitsa ku Germany Adam Opel anayambitsa kampani yopanga makina osokera mu 1863. Kenako masipekitiramuwo anasamutsidwira kupanga njinga, zomwe zinapangitsa mwiniwake kukhala wopanga njinga zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Opel atamwalira, bizinesi ya kampaniyo idapitirizidwa ndi ana ake aamuna asanu. Banja la Opel linali litayaka moto ndi lingaliro losintha makina opanga kupanga kuti apange magalimoto. Ndipo mu 1899 anatulukira galimoto yoyamba Opel, anasonkhana pamaziko a chilolezo. Inali ngati ngolo yodziyendetsa yokha yopangidwa ndi Lutzman. Pulojekiti ya galimoto yotulutsidwa sinakondweretse olenga kwambiri, ndipo posakhalitsa anasiya kugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe awa. Chotsatira chinali kusaina mgwirizano ndi Darracq chaka chotsatira, chomwe chinapanga chitsanzo china chomwe chinawatsogolera ku kupambana kwawo koyamba. Magalimoto otsatira adatenga nawo gawo pamipikisano ndikupambana mphotho, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti kampaniyo ipambane bwino komanso kukula mwachangu m'tsogolomu. Pa World nkhondo yoyamba vekitala kupanga anasintha malangizo ake makamaka kwa chitukuko cha magalimoto ankhondo. Kupanga kunkafunika kutulutsa mitundu yatsopano komanso yaukadaulo. Kuti achite izi, adagwiritsa ntchito zomwe adakumana nazo ku America mumakampani amagalimoto kuti apange. Ndipo chifukwa chake, zidazo zidasinthidwa kwathunthu kuti zikhale zapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo zitsanzo zakale zidachotsedwa pakupanga. Mu 1928, mgwirizano unasaina ndi General Motors kuti tsopano Opel ndi wothandizira ake. Zopanga zakulitsidwa kwambiri. Mtolo wa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse unakakamiza kampaniyi kuyimitsa mapulani ake ndikuyang'ana kwambiri kupanga zida zankhondo. Nkhondoyo inali pafupi kuwononga mafakitale a kampaniyo, ndipo zolemba zonse ndi zipangizo zinapita kwa akuluakulu a USSR. Kampaniyo idawonongeka kwathunthu. Patapita nthawi, mafakitale sanabwezeretsedwe mokwanira ndipo kupanga kunakhazikitsidwa. Chitsanzo choyamba pambuyo pa nkhondo chinali galimoto, patapita nthawi - kupanga magalimoto ndi chitukuko cha ntchito isanayambe nkhondo. Zinali pambuyo pa zaka za m'ma 50 pamene panali kusintha kwakukulu mu bizinesi, popeza chomera chachikulu ku Rüsselsheim chinabwezeretsedwanso kwambiri. Pazaka 100 za kampaniyo, mu 1962, chomera chatsopano chopanga chinakhazikitsidwa ku Bochum. Kupanga magalimoto ambiri kumayamba. Masiku ano, Opel ndiye gawo lalikulu kwambiri la General Motors. Ndipo magalimoto opangidwa ndi otchuka padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha khalidwe lawo, kudalirika komanso luso lawo. Zosiyanasiyana zimapereka zitsanzo za bajeti zosiyanasiyana. Woyambitsa Opel Adam anabadwa mu May 1837 ku Rüsselsheim kwa banja la mlimi. Kuyambira ali mwana, ankakonda zamakanika. Anaphunzitsidwa ngati wosula zitsulo. Mu 1862 adapanga makina osokera, ndipo chaka chotsatira adatsegula fakitale ya makina osokera ku Rüsselsheim. Kupanganso kokulirakulira kwa njinga ndikupitilira chitukuko china. Anakhala wopanga njinga wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Pambuyo pa imfa ya Opel, fakitale inadutsa m'manja mwa banja la Opel. Ana asanu a Opel anali kuchita nawo kupanga mpaka kubadwa kwa kupanga magalimoto oyambirira a kampani ya banja ili. Adam Opel adamwalira kugwa kwa 1895 ku Rüsselsheim. Emblem Mukafufuza mbiri yakale, chizindikiro cha Opel chasintha kangapo. Chizindikiro choyamba chinali baji yokhala ndi zilembo ziwiri zazikulu za mlengi: chilembo chagolide "A" chikugwirizana ndi chilembo chofiira "O". Iye anaonekera kuyambira pachiyambi cha chilengedwe cha makina osokera kampani Opel. Pambuyo pakusintha kwakukulu kwazaka zambiri, ngakhale mu 1964, zojambula za mphezi zinapangidwa, zomwe tsopano ndi chizindikiro cha kampani. Chizindikirocho chimakhala ndi bwalo lasiliva mkati mwake momwe muli mphezi yopingasa ya mtundu womwewo. Mphenzi palokha ndi chizindikiro cha liwiro. Chizindikirochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito polemekeza mtundu wa Opel Blitz wotulutsidwa. Mbiri yamagalimoto a Opel Mtundu woyamba wokhala ndi 2-cylinder power unit (pambuyo pa mtundu wa 1899 wosapambana) udayamba mu 1902. Mu 1905, kupanga gulu lapamwamba kumayamba, mtundu wotere unali 30/40 PS wokhala ndi kusamutsidwa kwa 6.9. Mu 1913, galimoto "Opel Laubfrosh" analengedwa wobiriwira wobiriwira. Chowonadi ndi chakuti panthawiyo zitsanzo zonse zomwe zinatulutsidwa zinali zobiriwira. Mtundu uwu unkadziwika kuti "Frog". Model 8/25 opangidwa ndi injini 2 lita. Mtundu wa Regent udawonekera pamsika mu 1928 ndipo udapangidwa mumitundu iwiri - coupe ndi sedan. Inali galimoto yoyamba yapamwamba yofunidwa ndi boma. Okonzeka ndi injini eyiti yamphamvu, akhoza kufika liwiro la 130 Km / h, amene pa nthawi imeneyo ankaona kuti liwiro kwambiri. Galimoto yamasewera ya RAK A idatulutsidwa mu 1928. Galimotoyo anali ndi makhalidwe apamwamba luso, ndi chitsanzo bwino okonzeka ndi injini wamphamvu kwambiri, amatha liwiro 220 Km / h. Mu 1930, galimoto yankhondo ya Opel Blitz idatulutsidwa m'mibadwo ingapo, mosiyana pamapangidwe ndi zomanga. Mu 1936, "Olympia" kuwonekera koyamba kugulu, amene ankaona galimoto yoyamba kupanga ndi monocoque thupi, ndi tsatanetsatane wa unit mphamvu anawerengeredwa mwatsatanetsatane zing'onozing'ono. Ndipo mu 1951 chitsanzo chamakono chinatuluka ndi deta yatsopano yakunja. Inali ndi grille yayikulu yatsopano, ndipo panalinso zosintha pa bumper. Mndandanda wa 1937 Kadett udalipo pakupanga kwazaka zopitilira theka. Admiral idayambitsidwa ngati galimoto yapamwamba mu 1937. Mtundu wolimba kwambiri udatulutsidwa Kapitan kuyambira 1938. Ndi mtundu uliwonse wokwezedwa, kulimba kwa magalimoto kunakulanso. Mitundu yonseyi inali ndi injini ya silinda sikisi. Kadett B yatsopano idayamba mu 1965 yokhala ndi thupi la zitseko ziwiri ndi zinayi komanso mphamvu zambiri mogwirizana ndi omwe adalipo kale. Diplomat V8 ya 1965 idayendetsedwa ndi injini ya V8 yochokera ku Chevrolet. Komanso chaka chino, galimoto yamasewera ya GT yokhala ndi thupi la coupe idaperekedwa. Mbadwo wa Kadett D wa 1979 unali wosiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa C. Inalinso ndi gudumu lakutsogolo. Chitsanzocho chinapangidwa mumitundu itatu ya kukula kwa injini. Zaka za m'ma 80 zimadziwika ndi kutulutsidwa kwa Corsa A, Cabrio ndi Omega zatsopano zatsopano zokhala ndi chidziwitso chabwino chaukadaulo, ndipo zitsanzo zakale zidasinthidwanso. Chitsanzo cha Arsona, chofanana ndi mapangidwe a Kadett, chinatulutsidwanso, choyendetsa kumbuyo. Kadett E yokonzedwanso idapambana Car of the Year ku Europe mu 1984, chifukwa chakuchita bwino kwambiri. Kutha kwa 80s kumadziwika ndi kutulutsidwa kwa Vectra A, yomwe idalowa m'malo mwa Ascona. Panali mitundu iwiri ya thupi - hatchback ndi sedan. Opel Calibra adawonekera koyambirira kwa 90s. Kukhala ndi thupi la coupe, linali ndi mphamvu yochokera ku Vectra, ndipo chassis yochokera ku chitsanzo ichi idagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati maziko a chilengedwe. SUV yoyamba ya kampaniyo inali 1991 Frontera. Makhalidwe akunja adapanga kukhala amphamvu kwambiri, koma pansi pa hood panalibe chodabwitsa. Mtundu woganizira mwaukadaulo wa Frontera udakhala pambuyo pake, womwe unali ndi turbodiesel pansi pa hood. Ndiye panali mibadwo yambiri ya SUV yamakono. Amphamvu masewera galimoto Tigra kuwonekera koyamba kugulu mu 1994. Mapangidwe apachiyambi ndi deta yapamwamba yaumisiri inabweretsa kufunikira kwa galimotoyo. Minibus yoyamba ya Opel Sintra idapangidwa mu 1996.