Mafuta

Zamkatimu FounderEmblemHistory of GAZ cars Gorky Automobile Plant (chidule cha GAZ) ndi imodzi mwamakampani akuluakulu pamakampani amagalimoto aku Russia. Chodziwika kwambiri cha kampaniyi chimayang'ana pakupanga magalimoto, magalimoto, ma minibasi, komanso kupanga injini. Likulu ili ku Nizhny Novgorod. Kampaniyo idachokera ku nthawi za USSR. Chomeracho chinakhazikitsidwa mu 1929 ndi lamulo lapadera la boma la Soviet kuti lipititse patsogolo kupanga magalimoto m'dzikoli. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mgwirizano unatsirizidwa ndi kampani ya ku America ya Ford Motor Company, yomwe inali yokonzekera GAZ ndi chithandizo chaumisiri kuti akhazikitse kupanga kwake. Kampaniyo idapereka chithandizo chaukadaulo kwa zaka 5. Monga chitsanzo chopanga magalimoto amtsogolo, GAZ anatenga zitsanzo za bwenzi lake lachilendo monga Ford A ndi AA. Opanga azindikira kuti ngakhale kuti makampani opanga magalimoto akupita patsogolo mwachangu m'maiko ena, afunika kulimbikira ndi kukonza zinthu zambiri zofunika. Mu 1932, ntchito yomanga chomera cha GAZ inatha. Vector yopanga idayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga magalimoto, ndipo kale munjira yachiwiri - pamagalimoto. Koma m’kanthawi kochepa, kunapangidwa magalimoto angapo onyamula anthu, omwe ankagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi akuluakulu a boma. Kufunika kwamagalimoto kunali kwakukulu, m'zaka zingapo, atapeza mbiri yayikulu ngati wopanga magalimoto wanyumba, GAZ idatulutsa galimoto yake ya 100. Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse (Great Patriotic War), gulu la GAZ linali lokonzekera kupanga magalimoto ankhondo akunja, komanso akasinja ankhondo. "Thanki ya Molotov", mitundu ya T-38, T-60 ndi T-70 idapangidwa pa chomera cha GAZ. Nkhondo itafika pachimake, kunali kukulirakulira kwa kupanga zida zankhondo ndi matope. Mafakitolewo adawonongeka kwambiri pakuphulitsidwa kwa bomba, zomwe zidatenga nthawi yayitali kuti zibwezeretsedwe, koma ntchito yayikulu. Zinakhudzanso kuyimitsidwa kwakanthawi kupanga mitundu ina. Pambuyo pomanganso, ntchito zonse zidali ndi cholinga choyambiranso kupanga. Ntchito zopanga Volga ndi Chaika zidakonzedwa. Komanso matembenuzidwe amakono a zitsanzo zakale. Mu 1997, mchitidwe unatsirizidwa ndi Fiat kuti agwirizane kulenga ankapitabe ndi dzina Nizhegorod Motors. Chodziwika kwambiri chomwe chinali kusonkhana kwa magalimoto okwera amtundu wa Fiat. Pofika kumapeto kwa 1999, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto omwe agulitsidwa kudadutsa mayunitsi 125486. Kuyambira kuchiyambi kwa zaka za zana latsopano, pakhala ntchito zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito matekinoloje atsopano, ndipo mapangano ambiri asayinidwa ndi makampani osiyanasiyana ogulitsa magalimoto. Ndondomeko ya zachuma sinalole kuti GAZ izindikire zolinga zake zonse, ndipo kusonkhana kwa magalimoto ambiri kunayamba kuchitika m'nthambi zomwe zili m'mayiko ena. Komanso, 2000 chizindikiro kampani ndi chochitika china: ambiri a magawo anagulidwa ndi Basic Element, ndipo mu 2001 GAZ analowa "RussPromAvto". Ndipo patatha zaka 4, dzina la wogwira ntchitoyo linasinthidwa kukhala GAZ Group, yomwe chaka chamawa imagula kampani yopanga galimoto ya Chingerezi. M'zaka zotsatira, mapangano angapo ofunika adasaina ndi makampani akunja monga Volkswagen Group ndi Daimler. Izi zinapangitsa kuti apange magalimoto amtundu wakunja, komanso kuonjezera zofuna zawo. Woyambitsa Gorky Automobile Plant inakhazikitsidwa ndi boma la USSR. Chizindikiro cha GAZ ndi heptagon yokhala ndi chimango chachitsulo chasiliva chokhala ndi nswala yamtundu womwewo, womwe uli pamtunda wakuda. Pansi pali mawu akuti "GAS" ndi font yapadera. Yankho lake ndi losavuta: ngati mukuphunzira dera la Nizhny Novgorod, kumene kampaniyo inatsitsimutsidwa, mukhoza kumvetsa kuti dera lalikulu ndi nkhalango, zomwe zimakhala ndi zimbalangondo ndi agwape. Ndi nswala zomwe ndizizindikiro za malaya a Nizhny Novgorod ndipo ndi iye amene adapatsidwa malo olemekezeka pa grille ya radiator ya mitundu ya GAZ. Chizindikiro cha gwape wokhala ndi nyanga zokweza mokweza pamwamba chikuyimira kukhumba, liwiro komanso ulemu. Pazitsanzo zoyambirira, panalibe chizindikiro chokhala ndi nswala, ndipo mu nthawi yankhondo chowulungika chinagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mawu akuti "GAS" olembedwa mkati, opangidwa ndi nyundo ndi chikwakwa. Mbiri ya magalimoto a GAZ Kumayambiriro kwa 1932, galimoto yoyamba ya kampaniyo inapangidwa - inali mtundu wa galimoto ya GAZ-AA yolemera matani imodzi ndi theka. Chaka chotsatira, basi yonyamula anthu 17 idakwera pamsewu, chimango ndi khungu lake zinali zamatabwa, komanso GAZ A. Model M1 ndi injini 4 yamphamvu anali chitsanzo okwera ndipo anali odalirika. Iye anali chitsanzo chodziwika kwambiri panthawiyo. M'tsogolomu, panali zosintha zambiri za chitsanzo ichi, mwachitsanzo, galimoto yonyamula 415, ndipo mphamvu yake yonyamulira inali yoposa makilogalamu 400. Chitsanzo cha GAZ 64 chinapangidwa mu 1941. Galimoto yopanda msewu yokhala ndi thupi lotseguka inali galimoto yankhondo ndipo inali ndi mphamvu zapadera. Galimoto yoyamba ya pambuyo pa nkhondo yomwe inatulutsidwa inali galimoto yamtundu wa 51, yomwe inatulutsidwa m'chilimwe cha 1946 ndipo idanyadira malo, kukhala ndi kudalirika kwakukulu komanso kuchita bwino. Iwo okonzeka ndi gawo mphamvu ya masilindala 6, amene anayamba liwiro la 70 Km / h. Panalinso zosintha zingapo pamodzi ndi zitsanzo zam'mbuyo ndipo mphamvu yonyamula galimotoyo inawonjezeka ndi nthawi imodzi ndi theka. Komanso anali wamakono mu mibadwo ingapo. M'mwezi womwewo wa chaka chomwecho, "Victory" yodziwika bwino kapena M20 sedan model, yomwe idadziwika padziko lonse lapansi, idagubuduza pamzere. Chojambula chatsopano chinawala ndi chiyambi ndipo sichinali chofanana ndi zitsanzo zina. Mtundu woyamba wa GAZ wokhala ndi thupi lonyamula katundu, komanso mtundu woyamba wapadziko lonse wokhala ndi thupi "lopanda mapiko". Kukula kwa kanyumbako, komanso zida zoyimitsidwa ndi gudumu lodziyimira pawokha, zidapangitsa kuti ikhale yopambana kwambiri pamakampani amagalimoto aku Soviet. Galimoto yonyamula 12 "ZIM" inatulutsidwa mu 1950 ndi 6-cylinder power unit, yomwe inali ndi mphamvu yamphamvu ndipo imatchedwa galimoto yachangu kwambiri ya kampani, yomwe imatha kufika pa liwiro la 125 km / h. Zatsopano zambiri zaukadaulo zidayambitsidwanso kuti zitonthozedwe kwambiri. M'badwo watsopano wa Volga m'malo Pobeda mu 1956 ndi chitsanzo GAZ 21. Kupanga kosayerekezeka, kufala kwadzidzidzi, injini yomwe idafika pa liwiro la 130 km / h, mphamvu zabwino kwambiri komanso luso laukadaulo zitha kuperekedwa ndi gulu la boma. Chitsanzo china cha Chigonjetso chinali Seagull. The umafunika chitsanzo GAZ 13 anamasulidwa mu 1959 makhalidwe ofanana ndi GAZ 21, kubweretsa pafupi chitonthozo pazipita ndi malo aulemu pa maziko a makampani magalimoto nthawi imeneyo. Njira yamakonoyi idadutsanso m'magalimoto. Zitsanzo za GAZ 52/53/66 ziyenera kusamala kwambiri. Zitsanzozo zinagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa katundu, zomwe zinakonzedwa bwino ndi opanga. Kudalirika kwa zitsanzozi kumagwiritsidwabe ntchito masiku ano. Mu 1960, kuwonjezera pa magalimoto, wamakono anafika Volga ndi Chaika, ndi chitsanzo GAZ 24 anamasulidwa ndi kapangidwe latsopano ndi mphamvu wagawo ndi GAZ 14, motero. Ndipo m'ma 80s, mbadwo watsopano wamakono wa Volga unakhala ndi dzina la GAZ 3102 ndi mphamvu yowonjezereka ya unit mphamvu.